Sena Cov - For Merge

SENA TOLA FINAL INTERNSHIP REPORT 2008E.
Acknowledgement
First I would like to thank God for being with me all the way from the beginning
to the end of this practice. next I would like to thank HawassaUniversity School of Civil
Engineering for arranging this field practice session based on my interest on the allocation of
site and which provided me with an intellectually stimulating environment and a working
platform conductive to creativity and practical training. I also wish to thank my hosting company
HABESHA CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL & DEVELOPMENT project office; supervise my
technical & professional skills throughout the whole internship program
I am highly indebted to Ato Haileysus Taddese, site engineer at the net consult, who
spent his precious time explaining to me all the things that was done on the field and office.
It is also my wish to express my gratitude and appreciations to project manager Eng.Mesfin,
Eng.MILION Zeleke & Eng.Abebe for their contribution in clarifying some inconvenience that
happen on the site and office and my thanks goes out to all employers, Forman, carpentries
especially Ato.Solomon, Ato.Jemal & Ato.Mohamed for their continued help in providing
guidance and support.
I am also grateful to the help and support I got from my family all the way from the
field practice to the writing of the report and I want to thank all my friends that help me during
report writhing. At all it’s with a sincere gratitude that I acknowledge every single help provided
in my four month stint at Habesha Construction.
II
SENA TOLA FINAL INTERNSHIP REPORT 2008E.C
Executive summary
The internship program that I had was many advantages in its different aspects to relate the
things I know theoretically to the practical world. Moreover, to acquire different types of skills
like site experience, technical skills, interpersonal communication skills, team playing skills,
leadership skills and entrepreneurship skills.
In this internship: I can to know how a structural element is build and how construction is
practice in the construction site. How the design in the form of paper is erect and become a real
structure on the ground and how all the sequences of the activities that were use to execute an
item work follow their own steps and procedures. Therefore, I have well acquainted with all
those steps and procedures to do the specific activity and activities in order to improve our
practical skills.
In summary, the internship program is a great opportunity and plays a very immense role to
relate the theoretical knowledge we know with the practical knowledge. Therefore, the internship
program shall be a continual program to other students there by develop their overall
construction knowledge.
This report covers my four months stay in Habesha Construction and it gives detail information
of the hosting company.
I have also presented my observations and experiences during the intern time from activities out
on the building site and in the office such as setting out, bulk excavation, bar schedule, take off
sheet, reading structural drawing and other activities. After I have finished all this topics the
report includes conclusions and recommendations.
I spent a pretty good time in site with the process of learning and working in the company to deal
with different situations.
III
List of Tables
Tables pages
Table 1 Composition and status of the construction projects underway 3
Table 2 Project currently under construction 4
Table 3 Number of employees by qualification 7
Table 4 HCMD Project Organization & Work Flow chart 11
Table 5 Work flow on the site 15
Table 6 Concrete work requested 18
Table 7 Take of sheet for form work 19
Table 8 Format for takeoff sheet for reinforcement bars 21
List of Figures
Figures pages
Figure 1: Villa 5
Figure 2: Apartments 5
Figure 3: Mix Use Buildings 6
Figure 4: Number of employees by qualification 7
Figure 5: Size of Sales in Units 7
Figure 6: Sales value in Birr 8
Figure7: Values of construction work 8
Figure 8: Profitability & Return on equity 8
Figure 9: The Overall View of the Site 13
Figure 10: Steel works(Ferrayo) 16
Figure 11: Carpenters (Anatsi) 17
Figure 12: Concrete workers (Genbegna) 17
Figure 13: Working on Mat foundation 21
Figure 14: Mat slab and Mat beam 23
Figure 15: Formwork 26
Figure 16: Slump test 27
Figure 17: Compressive Strength Test 28
Figure 18: Soil Erosion by Excavator 31
Figure 19: Plywood burst by the concert pump 32
Figure 20: Working on the busted Plywood 32
IV
Table of Contents
ContentsPage
Chapter 1 – Background of HABESHA Construction..............................................................1
1.1 Company History…………………………………………………………………......1
1.2 Vision of the company………………………………………………………………..1
1.3 Mission of the company…………………………………………………………........1
1.4 Habesha Construction Goals and Objectives……………………………………........2
1.5 Products and services of Habesha Construction…………............................…...........3
1.6 End users of services of Habesha Construction……………………………………....6
1.7 Overall organization and work flow………………………………………….............9
Chapter 2 – Overall Internship Experience………………..……………………………….....12
2.1Introduction..................................................................................................................12
2.2 How I joined the company?.......................................................................................13
2.3 My work section in the company……………………………………….……..........14
2.4 Work flow in the section………………………………………………………….....15
2.5Tasks I have been executing……………………………………………………….....18
2.5.1 Office Work ………….………...…………………………………………...18
2.5.2 Site Work .............................……..…………...…………………………….21
2.6 procedures I have been using and performing my work task…………………..........29
2.7How good I have been in performing my work task…………………………….......30
2.8 Challenges faced and measures taken.........................................................................30
Chapter 3 – Overall Benefits…….……………………………………………..…………...….34
3.1 Improving My practical skill………………………………………….……..........34
3.2 Up grading My theoretical knowledge………………………………………..….34
3.3 Improving My interpersonal communication skill…………………………….….35
3.4 Improving My Team playing skill………………………………………….……....36
3.5 Improving My Leader ship skill…………..…………………………….………...36
3.6 Understanding about Work ethics related issues…………………………………....37
3.7 Entrepreneurship skills……………………………………………………...……....38
Chapter 4 – Conclusion and Recommendations……………………………....…....................40
4.1 Conclusion……………………..………………………………..............................40
4.2 Recommendations………………...………...………………………………….........41
References…………………………………………………………………..………..……..........44
Appendices………………………………………………………………..………………...........45
V
Chapter One
BACKGROUND OF THE COMPANY
1.1 Company History

Habesha Construction Material and Development S.C is a public company established on August
26’th 2010 G.C with six founding shareholder with Birr 200,000 and Birr 150,000 a subscribed
and paid up capital respectively. Since its establishment, the company creates a structure,
appoints and hires officers and staff. So far it has about 27 staff, as per the 1960 commercial
code of Ethiopia, and registered by the Ministry of Trade on May 21’th 2010 G.C. under
registration number 04/2/26167/02. The company is found with an authorized capital of Birr
400,200,000, a paid up capital of Birr 49,827,447 with shareholders numbering 2117.
HCMD is engaged in various operational and financial activities. As indicated in the
articles of association, The Company established to undertake different business activities
related to the housing sector and other unrelated commercial activities to the sector. HCMD
aspire to be truly immense organization composed of fourteen categories of business wich may
appear as five Strategic Business Units (SBUs). The five SBUs are housing export
transportation, energy; hotel and tourism; and agriculture and agro industry.
Financially, HCMD raises fund from share holders and house buyers. HCMD’s strength
is its financial capacity management competence & organizational structure which are the
crucial inputs for on time delivery. The Company sells shares to 2065 shareholders collecting
Birr 31,609,400.47. The number of shares sold to shareholders varies from 4 to 1000. The
company also collected Birr 3,264,361.89 in the form installment income from selling houses to
380 houses buyers.
1.2 Vision Of The Company

HCMD has the vision and potential to become one of the main actors in the real estate
development in Ethiopia and to be the reliable choice for home buyers.
The vision of the Company is to build an international standard construction company and
engage in large multi-million Birr heavy construction projects and there by contribute its share in
the development of the Infrastructure of Ethiopia.
To be a leading Company in the housing sector: Attractive to invest, compelling to buy,
and compelling to work.
1.3 Mission Of The Company
 To provide best values, affordable, quality, on time delivered residential and commercial
houses and construction materials by working as a diversified multi-industry company for
eventual generation of adequate return to investors, dream house to dwellers and quality
building materials to buyers;
HAWASSA UNIVERSITY Page 1

 To bridge the gap between the demand and supply of quality residential quarters at an
affordable price;
 Offering the highest level quality construction service to clients;
 Providing company trustworthiness through long term collaborative relationship with
clients and suppliers;
 Striving to work for excellence and quality on continuous basis for the satisfaction of
clients;
 Maximizing the potential of employees through training and development programs;
In general, It is an indigenous enterprise whose mission is to flourish though rendering multi
faced service to public with a high degree of competence and reliability, and thereby continue
towards enhancing the achievement of social- economic growth and development of Ethiopia.
1.4 Objectives And Goal Of The Company
 To establish and run industries that produce office and house hold furniture, ceramics,
marble, particle board, cement board, gypsum board, gravel and other construction
materials;
 To import and distribute building and construction material, construction equipments,
machineries, vehicles, factories and their spare parts;
 To engage in the development of real estates and condominiums;
 To import raw materials for factories & export produces of factories;
 To produce, import and distribute coal, petroleum & other oil products;
 To engage in hotel, building of resorts & other relative activities
 To engage electric production and distribution activities;
 To engage in agriculture and agro industry business activities;
 To produce, import and distribute metal and metal product;
 To engage dry and liquid transportation services;
 Investing in the construction and related industries including but not limited to
construction materials, real estate, trade and other sectors of the service industry.
 Making direct and proprietary equity investments in companies with attractive growth
and profit potentials:
 Designing the optimum financing mix of debt and equity instruments to finance corporate
growth:
 Encouraging other investors to co-invest in such businesses as well as attracting foreign
investment to Ethiopia from individual and institutional sources, including the many
Ethiopians living abroad who are keen to invest in their home country.
We believe that working for the above stated mission and business objectives of the
company will have a strong contribution to the development of our country through value chain
creation and effective and efficient resource management. Such efforts and contribution of the
private sector will allow the realization of the growth and transformation plan.
We have a strong conviction, that with the support and investment of the dedicated and
committed Ethiopian people, this grand business objective will be fulfilled and thereby create a
great wealth particularly to its stakeholders and to the nation in general.

1.5 The Main Products And Services Of The Company
 Provision of decent houses,( condominium houses in the last five years).

 Created job opportunities,
 Inner city improvement (slum areas redevelopment
 Facilitated affordable payment modalities,
 Overall urban development and management
 Changing the image and development direction of the city
 Decreased the housing price and facilitates its accessibility,
 Contributed directly to poverty reduction, sustainable livelihoods,
 A great sense of relief and an improved sense of security in having a stable place to live
Habesha Construction has a solid reputation for completing projects on time, within budget and
with a high standard quality. It has attracted the attention of so many dwellers and private
companies for its high quality construction work and performance in building construction line.
It is currently executing major infrastructure projects at various parts of the country.
HCMD is engaged in real estate development, it started building villas and multi-story
mixed use buildings in the city of Addis Ababa. HCMD acquired land by lease and from existing
land occupiers and commence construction of houses in four sites. The composition and status
of the construction projects in these sites is given below
Site Number & Estimated Contract signing Status as of to Use

Types Cost to date date
. of house completion
Villas - for 2 blocks
Abewu (8 blocks) 16,298,539.26 Nov.08,2011 Subtractive work Residential
Real (G+1) - For 8 blocks &
Estate Mar. 4,2012 Commercial
Apartments 39,979,040.50 Excavation work
(2 blocks) - For1 block Nov.
(G+4) 08,2011
- for 1 blocks
Mar.14,2012
Apartments - for 3 blocks 5 blocks, block
Sunset (10 68,262,912.98 Nov.08,2011 work & plastering Residential
Real blocks)(G+4) - for 1 block Jan. work & the
Estate 30,2012 remaining
- For1 blocks Mar superstructure
.30,2012 concrete work
-Middle Class
Fame Apartments 164,760,246.71 Feb. 20,2012 Superstructure Residential
Real (12 blocks) concrete work
Estate (G+4)
-Luxury 68,998,335.09 Sep. 12,2012 Excavation work

Apartments (8
blocks) 133,080,494.04 Sep. 21,2012 Excavation work
-Villas
(56 blocks)
(G+1, G+2)
Ayat Ayat 30,038,959.14 Mar. 12,2012 Superstructure Residential

Real Apartment concrete work &
Estate (B+G+8) Commercial
Total 521,418,527,72
Table 1. Composition and status of the construction projects underway
The Company is currently engaged on the construction of residential buildings on three large
sites in the eastern expansion areas of the city. In addition, it has acquired several sites within the
inner city itself for construction of mixed use buildings.
HCMD is becoming the largest residential & commercials real estate developer and is
actively engaged in building & delivering luxury apartments, villas, shops & offices.
Residential & Commercial Building
HCMD share Company has been engaged in the real estate development and
commenced construction of building ranging from high end user villas to apartments, offices and
shops. The size and the magnitude of buildings vary from G+1 and G+2 villas to mixed-use
buildings with height varying from G+4 to 2B+G+10. Details are shown on
No. Number of Cost of

Location Building of Residence/shop Completion Construction
Type period at .
Buildings completion
Fame G+4 20 358 June 2014 351,142,975
Villas 58 58 June 2014
Abew G+4 1 32 June 2014 83,132,733.15
G+6 1 52 June 2014
Villas 8 8 June 2014
Sun set G+4 10 80 Feb 2014 73,869,112.30
Ayat B+G+8 1 50 June 2014 39,507,197.62
Sope 2 June 2014
Tewodros 1 60 Sep2016 118,322,650.20
2B+G+10
Tigat 1 81 Sep 2016 183,877,229.96
2B+G+10
Table 2: Project currently under construction

Hollow Blocks
The Company is also in the process of erecting and commissioning hollow block plant
with a capacity of 750/hour producing hollow block at a cost of 1.7 million Birr.
In a bid to enhance its efficiency and deliver buildings on time, the Company has put in place
two hollow block machines with a capacity of producing 1200 hollow blocks per day. The
Company is currently poised to undertake production with a large size machine it purchased with
a total amount of Birr 1.5 million. Production is projected 5000 to 6000 hollow blocks a days.
Villas:-A stunning modern family villa intricately designed with exquisite taste and attention to
detail.
Figure 1 Villa
Apartments: Brand new, one, two, and three bedroom luxury apartment homes incorporate the
latest modern conveniences with traditional comforts. Enjoy richly appointed gourmet kitchens,
exquisite baths, expansive bedrooms with generous closet space, and balconies with tranquil
view.
Figure 2 Apartments

Mixed use buildings;With emphasis given to style our mix use buildings emerge as a high
quality natural working environment strategically located in the heart of Addis Ababa.
Figure 3 Mix Use Buildings
1.6 End Users of Services ofHabesha Construction

As an indigenous construction company, the products and services of Habeha construction are
provided for the dwellers such as;
 All citizens through the growth of other activities;
 Marketing opportunity created to local suppliers and producers;
 Skilled and unskilled Labors working on the construction sites
 Micro and small Enterprises;
 Construction contractors;
Overall organization & human Resource of the Company
The board of directors comprising of six members are the highest authority and decision making
of the company providing over all policy guidelines. They are trustful of integrity, well
experienced with demonstrated productive management. They are the policy making organ of the
company.
The chief executive director is heading the company and responsible for the entire activity
and operation of the company. The company is currently comprises of various departments and
units to carry out and implement the strategic plan and objective of the company.
Various department are staffed with employees rich in experience and versatile in skill
along with different specializations specific to the job, and grouped as per the following
educational levels.

Qualification Percent
Number
Master degree 2 5%
Bachelor degree 17 42%
Diploma 9 22%
Others 13
31%
Total 41 100%
Table 3 Number of employees by qualification.

Currently, the company is performing its mission with 41 employees out of which 68% are male
and the remaining are female.
20
15
Male
10
Fimal
5
0 Total
post bachilor Diploma Others
graduate
Figure 4:Number of employees by qualification
Finance:Since the commencement of the company’s operation in 2010 a total sales of 769 units
have been effected and sales (Residential, offices &shops ) has grown from 32 to 328 units in
2013.
1000
800
600
400
200
0
2003 E.C. 2004 E.C. 2005 E.C. Total
(2010/11) (2011/12) (2012/13)
Figure 5: Size of Sales in Units
The value of sales has increased from Birr 26.2 million in 2011 to 480.6 million in 2013. The
total sales value of the 769 units is Birr 951.9 million.

1000
800
600
400
200
0
2003 E.C. 2004 E.C. 2005 E.C. Total
(2010/11) (2011/12) (2012/13)
Figure 6: Sales value in Birr
Since the start of the construction work in 2004 E.C., the value has increased from Birr 15.8
million to Birr 127.4 million in 2005 E.C.
250
200
150
100
50
0
2003 E.C. 2004 E.C. 2005 E.C. Total
(2010/11) (2011/12) (2012/13)
Figure 7: Values of construction work
Profitability and return on equity showing increasing trend in spite of increasing equity over the
next four years.
50%
40%
30% Series 3
20%
Series 2
10%
Series 1
0%
2003 E.C. 2004 E.C. 2005 E.C. 2006 E.C.
(2010/11) (2011/12) (2012/13) (2013/14)
Figure 8: Profitability & Return on equity

General introduction of the project

 Project: 2B+G+11(14 Floors) Mixed Use Building project:
 Location:- Addis Ababa, Kirkos Sub- city
 Owner: -Habesha Construction Materials and Development Share company (HCMD)
 Consultant/Architects: - Cheetah Consulting Architects and Engineers
 Contractor:- BerechaFitta Building Construction
 Total area of the site:- 448m2
 Built up area of the project:-432 m2
 Contract Signed on:- Jan 21,2016
 Mobilization Period:-7 Calendar days
 Project Cost:- 224,051,911.65
 Intended Construction (Days): 1095 Calendar days.
 Procurement Method:- Selective Bid
 Commencement date:- June 28,2012
 Completion date as of contract: - June 27, 2015.
1.7Overall Project Organization And Work Flow
Work Flow of the Project

Work-flow can be described as the flow of work on-site, i.e. activities, carried out by the
construction workers on the construction site. The work on-site requires different kind of
resources. These resources have also to flow to and within the construction site.
In order to determine work flow in any company, many factors should be taken into
consideration, and the main ones are: Ability of workers, Management system and Supply of
materials. Each construction company has a set order in which it works with clients, projects,
documents, etc…
What's basically needed is a flexible system which allows building a business process
according to unique peculiarity of any construction company, in other words, it can be able to
organize task management for any enterprise in style that is most corresponding to the reality. It
is allowed to group tasks by departments, clients, project stages, etc., also it is possible to create
mixed variant.
Taking all the above facts in to consideration and according to my level of observation
the work flow in Habesha Construction was good enough. There is continuous follow up by the
consultants so as to check the work flow is according to plan. Some of the measures taken by
both the consultant and contractor to ensure a smooth work flow are:
 Submission of a report comprised of forecasted accomplishment of tasks at the beginning

of the project.
 Presentation of daily dairy (a report comprised of activities, materials consumed and
equipments used each day) by the office engineer to the consultants.

 Weekly meeting between construction officers and consultants, so as to check the

progress is going according to its pre-scheduled time frame. It also helps to provide
remedies for any challenges faced.
Project Organization
Any project no matter how big or small the scale requires a well put together organization
and work flow that is suitable to nature of the project. This may depend on:
- The time required to finish the project - The number employees involved
- The scale of project - The type of the project
- The location of the project site - External factors
- The different staff present
The project is very large and requires a number of years to complete if not a decade and
for this reason it needs an effective organization and workflow. Like any big project the
Company project has its own structure that is believed to facilitate the progress of the project
smoothly and ensure a clear and direct line of communication among the different employees.
The figure below shows the organization and work flow that is present on the project.
Of course there are some sections that are not present on the chart like:
 The emergency medical center which has one health professional,
 The cafeteria which provides a lunch service for the employees and
 The transportation unit which provides employees with adequate transportation service
between their home and the site and serve as a line of communication between the head
office and the project site by transporting employees, documents and equipments.
The reason why they are not mentioned on the chart does not take away the fact that
they bring a great deal of asset to the table. Form the figure it is clear that the project manger has
the responsibility of being the conductor on how things should shape up. And each division has
its own responsibilities and has to constantly report to the manager on each step. Next to the
project manager the administration has the responsibility of maintaining a relatively flawless
working environment.

PROJECT MANAGER
CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING OFFICE ADMINISTRATION
Construction Engineer-1 Office Engineer -1, WARE HOUSE Adminstrator-1

Junior Engineer-1 Junior Engineer-1 Clerk-1
Quantity Surveyor -1 Time Keeper-1
Store
Data collector 1 Chef Guard-1
Supervisor-1
Shift Leader-2,
Store Clerk-2
Crew Reinforcement steel work Helper-2
Construction Supervisor Bare bender Foreman-1 MECHANICAL

General Foreman- 1 Bare bender-7 MAINTENANCE WORKSHOP
Carpenter Foreman- 1
Mason Foreman-1 ELECTRICAL WORK
Carpenter- 6 Mechanic-1
Mason- 5 Auto Electrician-1
Helper-(as required) Supervisor-1, Electrician-2, Tyreman-1
Gang chief-1 Helper-3
Helper-2
Daily Laborer (as required)
CONCRETE BACHING
PLUMBING WORK . PLANT
Supervisor-1, Plumber-4 Supervisor-1

Helper-6 Opertor-2
Helper-3
METAL WORK Gang chief-1
Daily Laborer-8
Supervisor-1
Welder-4
Helper-2
HCMD Project Organization & Work Flow Chart
Table 4. HCMD Project Organization & Work Flow chart

Chapter Two
OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE
2.1 Introduction
During this four months internship program, I worked majorly on one site and briefly on another.
The one which is found around riche, which is mixed use building, owned by Habesha
construction and The other site that i saw was around Babnbies(Kirkos sub city) which I was
working on summer when i was 3 year, which is again mixed use building, owned by Habesha
Construction The basic activities and skills I earned on this internship program are;
 I develop major communication skills.

 I up graded my theoretical with practical knowledge
 I develop my solving skills in construction area
 I understand about the work ethics of the company
 I observe the work flow of the site
During the 1st month of my internship program I was in Reche site which is mixed use and this
site helped me understand the work habits in our field. The atmosphere of was very interesting it
helps u to ask questions what u want to ask the people the work on the site will answer the
questions very nicely. I focus meanly in developing my practical skills b/c the internship
program is designed for developing our practical skills mainly. When I first got to the site they
were on substructure which is the foundation. the foundation was mat b/c of load of structures
very big so the use the mat foundation.
General introduction of the project

 Project: 2B+G+11(14 Floors) Mixed Use Building project:
 Location:- Addis Ababa, Kirkos Sub- city
 Owner: -Habesha Construction Materials and Development Share company (HCMD)
 Consultant/Architects: - Cheetah Consulting Architects and Engineers
 Contractor:- Berecha Fitta Building Construction
 Total area of the site:- 448m2
 Built up area of the project:-432 m2
 Contract Signed on:- Jan 21,2016
 Mobilization Period:-7 Calendar days
 Project Cost:- 224,051,911.65
 Intended Construction (Days): 1095 Calendar days.
 Procurement Method:- Selective Bid
 Commencement date:- June 28,2012
 Completion date as of contract: - June 27, 2015.

I up graded my theoretical knowledge about the structural part of the building like columns, solid
slabs, sheer wall, beams and stair cases etc…and I observed that site work is very hard if there is
more faults in the work so i saw the work is done very careful. if they are not careful the structure we
fall at any moment.
2.2Getting In to the company

Getting in Habesha Construction Materials and Developments was not easy .I did not Habesha
Construction where there first place no one told me. then one day when I went to Megenga I saw
their banner and I went to their office and i give my internship document and they accept me. so
when I Google I found that the company is 1 grade contactor but I saw different sites the
company will be an owner in every site. it helps the company to have much more benefit by
being owner. so when the building is over the company will sell and more benefit it have will
have..
Figure 9 The Overall View of the Site

2.3The section of the company that I was working in:

In the company, work is done in two sections as:-
 office levels
 site levels
I was working in the other section, atsite level it has its own two sections as; the actual
working area of the site and in the site offices. At first I had to spend 2 weeks on the working
area of the site. I was able to observe the different elements of the construction site and their
work orientation for example; in our site there is steel work by the people referred to as
FERRAYO, concrete work by people referred to as GNBEGNA and also wood workers by
ANATSIS, and these three parties have to be coordinated in order to run the project. And also
other parties are participated in the project like electrician. So all this parties are coordinated by
the site engineer. in this level iwill check the progress that the works made in every day. i will
always bring the drawing of the building i will check the ferrayos work which is checking the
insert of the reinforcement and other work that is done on the site area i will check.
In site office measuring the distance to insert reinforcements if there any calculation that need
the site supervisor will tell us how to solve and he will gave as some exercise and then we will
take task to do. on site office it is usually have drawing but the drawing of site revised 3 times so
in every progress the drawing will be an obstacle so in site office we will check the drawing if it
is right or wrong and in the drawing has measurement error so on site office it will always be
checked. so it I will participate on this area to. And sometimes the site engineer has some
difficult so we will give him what shall be done for that difficult. in site the work is done by
being together and sharing some knowledge.
Office work
 Take off sheet
 bill of quantity
 Payment of the workers various construction materials for
carpenter(form worker)
 Preparation of the amount of concrete mix to required
 Bar schedule

2.4The work flow in the section
Project manager
(Engineer Moges)
Office & Site engineer Site Project

Supervisor(Eng.Millio Administration
(EngineerHailyesus )
n)
Store keeper
Carpenter Electrical and
Bar bender
Sanitary
(Ferrayo) (Anatsi) worker
)
Guard
Daily Labour force
Table 5 Work flow on the site

As I have tried to mention above there are three major parties involved in building
construction process;
 the steel workers (Ferrayo)

 The carpenters (Anatsi)
 The concrete workers (Genbegna)
Under steel workers, there are unskilled people who are engaged in the physical work. For
example cutting bar or bending to different shape and the skilled ones that can read the plan and
understand the arrangement of this bar in the structure. b/c the unskilled persons there will some
default. so the skilled ones will check them every work they make. the unskilled persons wants to
learn more so they will work as the skilled person told them to do. andI sometimes went and do some
work for them. but it really hard.so steel workers make different shape of the bars. For example:-
stirrups, hooks, so on.
Figure 10 Steel works(Ferrayo)
Under carpentry, there are unskilled persons which help the skilled (main carpenters) by
facilitating the material flow for the work. For example:-formwork of the slab, shear wall formwork
and also column formwork. During this work accuracy is a mustIn order to make the whole structure
up right or erect properly. Mostly the carpentry work comes before steel work in our site the
carpenters will work by contract meaning to complete one work the offer a contract. the site engineer
will give them contract. they will work hard and when they finish the work the will be paid. this
contract work works for steel works and concert works.

Figure 11 Carpenters (Anatsi)
And under the concrete workers mostly have unskilled manpower, this is b/c this work
needs much human power than knowledge, but in our site when I was in site 4 month I did not see
no mixing in hand meaning by using man power it is just by ready mix which mixed by machine
brought to site so the site workers will pour the concert to the place where there is need of concert.
for the mat slap, mat beam, shear wall are filled use the ready mix concert.
Figure12 Concrete workers (Genbegna)

2.5The Work Tasks I have Executed
2.5.1Office Work
As an internship have executed some work tasks guided by my supervisor (the site
engineer), this works include:-
 Preparing quantity surveys.
 Supervising works.
 Physically participating in a site works.
 Reporting the work of today
Preparing quantity survey
I started office site work right after I finished my two weeks site exposure, and the first
task I did was take off measurements from drawings.
This survey is done by known formats. They are:-
 Takeoff sheet
 Reinforcement bar schedule(bar schedule)
Takeoff sheet is simply a table format that is usedfor collecting and making payment for:-
 carpentry
 earth working
 concrete workers
 block work
 roofing work
No L/W/D Product Description No L/W/D product Description

Item (unit) item (unit)
1 5.2 C)Mat slab, between
4.3 axis 4,5
0.5 and
11.18 between axis A,B
1 4.4 C)First basement of

0.3 beam,OnAxis
0.33 B(500,300),1 to 3
0.44
Table 6 Concrete work requested

So the takeoff for formwork is done by considering length and width. Therefore we collect the
data by m2 and for concrete work and earth work takeoff sheet are done by considering length,
width and height. Therefore we collect the data by m3 or (volume).But there is a general rule, if
the height is bellow 15cm, the takeoff sheet is work by considering the length and width,
therefore I collect the data by m2.
No L/W Product Description L/W product Description

Item (unit) No (unit)
Item
1 12.648 B)Formwork
0.96 Groundfloor
12.14 beam on axis D
1 8.9 Ditto, on axis C

0.96 8.54
1 6.25 Ditto, on axis 3
0.96 Different length
6 same width
=WL1+WL2
=W(L1+L2)
=0.96(3.667+2.
583)
1 B)Formwork
Groundfloor,
Column
Elevation,on
axis
Table 7 Take of sheet for form work

Reinforcement bar schedule is the table format that used for collecting and making
payment for steel workers. The table format look like this:-
 Takeoff sheet for reinforcement bars
Bar schedule is the detail description of reinforcement bars of all diameters to be used
during construction of the building. It is clear that the reinforcement bar is one of the essential
units of a certain structural element and for these reason it is important to determine the type and
amount of steel required for a certain project.
We were first shown how to prepare a takeoff sheet for bar reinforcement required to
erect a particular component of a building. First one should know to prepare the takeoff sheet for
the reinforcement bars in the results the mass of a particular type (i.e. in terms of bar diameter) of
bar in kilograms. It gives the total amount of reinforcements (in Kg) for each constituent
structural element, which further simplifies our office task.
Location Total length in meters (m)

Dia No of No of Total
Shape
(mm) Bar elem no of
Length Φ6 Φ8 Φ10 Φ12 Φ14 Φ16
bar
(m)
GFB, 16 7.7 2 1 2 15.4
on 16 2.685 2 1 2 5.37
axis 3 16 2.81 2 1 2 5.62
16 6.8 3 1 3 20.4
10 1.5 25 1 25 37.5
Total length
(m) 37.5 46.79
Unit weight
`(kg/m) .222 .395 .617 .888 1.20 1.578
8

Total weight
23.14 73.84
(Kg)
Table 8 Format for takeoff sheet for reinforcement bars

In order to fill out the above table properly the following steps should be taken.
 Identify the type bar present;
 Then calculate the number of bars present based on the spacing and the length on
which these bars are placed;
 Calculate on how many members these bars are present on a single floor system;
 Then calculate the total length by multiplying the total number of bars with the length
of single bar;
 Now based on predetermined conversion factor we can calculate the total mass of bar
in kilograms.
2.5.2Site Work
The other task I executed during this internship was supervision work, during this work I do
several activities like:-
 Checking the bar that are placed in the structure,(I.e. in slab, column, stair case etc…
by referring the plan. the special case on this site is its mat slab. On mat slabs the
position of negative and positive bar are more changed as that of the normal slab for
the normal slab negative bar are positioned top and positive bar at the bottom this
b/c of the load. the load that comes for the normal is slab is dead load or live load.
in case of mat slab the position of bars are negative at the bottom and the positive at
the top this is b/c the is comes from bottom meaning up lift pressure that comes
from the bottom part.
Figure 13 Working on Mat foundation

 Checking the quality of aggregate, which are course aggregate, whether the
aggregate is well graded or not and it have to be triangular in shape and also the fine
aggregate(sand), whether the sand contain much silt or not by checking using my
hand and by cylinder test.
Checking by using bubble for the formwork of column, slab etc…..
I was also physically involved in some activities on site, such as;cutting, bending and placements
of the steel in the slab and beam.. I pool barrow wheel and wood working; I cut wood by using
cutter machine and so on….
Mat foundation
Mat foundation is large concert slab that support several column and shear wall load
When used mat foundation;
 the soil that has a low bearing capacity
 differential settlement of soil area
But our site no showed the soil that has a low bearing capacity, differential settlement of soil
area.
I asked site engineer why select mat foundation the site engineer told me
 based on increasing of depth basement
 Excavation above 7m the ground
 Foundation engineer designer affair risk
 the load of the basement
Mat slab used50 cm thickness and the mat beams 2mheight.
Mat beam (grade beam)
Grade beam is a component of a building foundation. it consists of a reinforced concrete beams
that transmit the load from super structure in to foundation. It’s used in condition where the
surface soils load bearing capacity less than design load.
Mat foundation reinforcement
Mat foundation reinforcement placing this placing classify positiveand negative reinforcement
arrangement
Positive reinforcement placing
 Long reinforcement placing at the top
 The main function prevent structural deflection (bend) from super structure

Negative reinforcement placing

 Short reinforcement placing at the bottom
The main function prevent
 structural deflection (bend) from super structure
 uplift pressure from the ground
 earthquake
Figure 14 Mat slab and Mat beam
Concrete Cover in foundation

The concrete in foundations remains below in the ground and in contact with the aggressive soil.
The sulphates, salt content soil and chloride in the aggressive soil cause the deterioration of
concrete. The rate of deterioration decrease the concrete strength then the concrete start crack by
this time inter the water .the water contains aggressive soil this soil and the water contact with
the reinforcement. It’s start corrosion (rest)of the reinforcement.in concrete structure, rusted steel
reinforcement bars do to this the cracks develop in concrete.as rusting the width of cracks
increase and pushes the concrete at the side the concrete cover break and fails =structure
unstable
The concrete cover in foundation 5cm used from EBCS
Beam
Is a horizontal structural element that is capable of withstanding load primarily by resisting
bending. Its load transfer to column Beams are characterized by the shape of their cross-section,
their length, and their material. Mainly they are made up of C25 concrete but their length and
cross-section area varies due to the amount of load they carry.
Our site used suspended beam based on drawing

Slab
In our site used Solid slab, usually Solid slab is preferable for basement underground part of the
building because it has a high load bearing capacity and seepage control capacity due to the
ground water table. In our company ground slabs casted by solid slab
Slab and ramp are similar reinforcement arrangement (placing)
Ramp is sloping (incline) connect two level.
The design consider
 the weight of vehicles
 centrifugal force
 The main function transport vehicles
Cement; tobonding of aggregate in to a solid mass of adequate strength and durability. There are
two type cement PPC and OPC
PPC(pozolana Portland cement);the most commonly used cement
 Low cost than OPC
 The curing time slow
 The strength is weaker than OPC
In our site used for slab; column and beam
OPC (ordinary Portland cement)
 High cost than PPC
 The curing time very fast
 High strength than PPC
In our site used for grade beam and shear wall
The aggregate have no cementing values of their own; there function in concrete is to serve as
filler. The final quality of the concrete depends up on the effectiveness of the hardened part in
binding the aggregate particles together and in filling the voids between the particles.

The usual types of concrete used in the construction of beams, columns, slabs foundation, and
other structures are C5-C30 types. Our sites used slab; beam and column C-25 and also for shear
wall C-30
Beam Work
A beam is a structural element that is capable of withstanding load primarily by resisting
bending. The bending force induced into the material of the beam as a result of the external
loads, own weight, span and external reactions to these loads is called a bending moment.
Beams generally carry verticalgravitationalforces but can also be used to carry horizontal
loads (i.e., loads due to an earthquake or wind). The loads carried by a beam are transferred to
columns, walls, or girders, which then transfer the force to adjacent structural compression
members.
The construction and Methodology of the beam is the same as the case of column, but in
this case the form work is set up in the horizontal direction, while in the case of column it is laid
vertical. The placing, compacting and curing processes are the same.
Reinforcement is needed in the tension zone of beams due to weakness of concrete in
tension. The concrete at the tension zone is only used to make the reinforcement as integral part
of the structure. Most of the beams are double reinforced and the site engineer told me that
double reinforcement is done when the section have no sufficient compressive area of concrete to
resist the moment induced in it. The information like size, length, number and the location of the
bars are from the structural drawing as designed. Then the metal worker prepares the bars
according to the schedule. They use a table like wooden material having three bars welded on it
to bend the bars. After preparing they put the bars at the right position.
The reinforcement on the beam are classified in to three based on their place of use. They are
i.Positive bars:- these kinds of bars are mainly used to resist the positive moment. This
moment is mostly developed at the mid span on the beams and these positive bars are
placed at the mid span
ii. Negative bars:- these are bars used to resist negative moment. Most of the time they
are found at the support of the beams. They are placed at one third of the span length.
Stirrups:- have their own advantage for RCC structures. It is highly resistant to diagonal tension
crack.
Formworks
Formwork: is a temporary structure built to contain fresh concrete so as to form it to the
required shape and dimensions and to support it until it becomes self supporting. The concrete
pressure on formwork should be monitored carefully. Formwork can be made out of timber,
plywood, steel, precast concrete or fiber glass used separately or in combination.
A formwork includes the surface in contact with concrete and any necessary concrete
supporting structure. The surface should be smooth. A formwork should be sufficiently rigid and

by no means defective throughout the placing, ramming, vibrating and setting of the concrete
without visible deflection.
The first step in construction formworks is to prepare the materials; the lengths of each
piece that will be needed must be measured and cut. Common tools for measuring are carpenter’s
squares and flexible metal measuring tapes. When the pieces required for the forms have been
cut to size, they then are assembled and fastened together. Usually when timbers, and
(Eucalyptus) are used, it is fastened together with nails and tying wire. The eucalyptus is cut to
size after erecting to minimize error.
Figure 15 Formwork
Removal of formworks
The process of removing formworks from around the concrete is called striping. The
workmen must not strip the forms until the concrete has properly set. In some cases, the concrete
is allowed to cure before the forms are removed. Removing of the forms must be done carefully
so that they do not damage or break the parts. Formworks can be reused, and this reduces or
lowers the cost of construction. After the formworks are removed, the workers clean and Store
them for future use. Cleaning consists of pulling nails, scraping or knocking off concrete
particles, and treating the forms for future use.
In normal circumstances (temp. above 20 degree Celsius) and where ordinary cement is used,
forms may be struck after expiry of the following periods.
a) Walls ,columns and vertical side of beams……..24-48hr(as dictated by the site
engineers in charge)
b) Slabs (probs left under them)…………………..3 days
c) Beam soffits (probs left under them)…………...7 days

Sample test
 Slump test:-slump test is useful in checking the consistency (workability) of concrete mix
at site. This test is taken to know the water contain of concert
Procedure:-
 The test was conducted by putting the cleaned cone
 The cone is filed in three equal layers.
 inserting the mix in three layers each having a thickness of about 1/3 of
the total depth of the cone
 Each being tamped 25 times with Cone is filed and level off. It is then
carefully lifted
If quality of the concrete was poor then it was even visible. Its water content was so high that it
made the concrete watery (>5cm). And its water content was low that made the concrete dry (<
3cm). After carefully removing thecone, the slump height was measured to be at the tolerable
distance relative to collapsed concrete. I learned that such tests conducted in an unexpected
situation in order to get the true working quality. Δh=(3-5)cmtolerable
Figure 16 Slump test

 Compressive strength test:-compressive strength test is also essential test in checking

how much compressive strength (hardening) that the concrete attains or in checking
concrete quality.
 Procedure:-
 The cube mold is filled with concrete in three layers. Each being tamped
25 times with tamping rod.
 Cube is filed, tamped with plastic hammer sideways and level.
 After 24 hours, remove the mold and sock in barrel water.
 Get the average compressive strength for three cubes at 7, 21, 28 days.
 On site we don’t have the compressive strength test machine therefore we
take it to crash the cube concrete on the other place
 The 7 day compressive strength above 0.67 or 67% of concrete grade our
site used C-25 and C-30 type concrete. For example C-25 above
0.67*25Mpa=16.75Mpa
 The 28 day the compressive strength 100% =1 of concrete grade For
example C-25 1*25Mpa=25Mpa
figure 17 Compressive Strength Test

2.6 The procedure I followed to perform my task

To perform my tasks, there must be a procedure. For example, during quantity survey I flow the
following procedures:-
I. I revised my handbook on quantity survey,

II. Read measurements from drawings and fed it to my table.
III. when my supervisor gives me an exercise I will work on it in my home
IV. when I go home after site work is done I will always ask what i get form today's work on
site
V. I will refer other site work from other place to develop my knowledge more effectively
VI. I refer my book which are related to my work and some takeoff sheets and bar schedule
which i get from other sites.
Making supervision
I follow the following procedure:-
I. When I get to the site in the morning I take the floor plan and check the work done. For
instance if the work scheduled for the previous night was concrete casting I check if the
concrete casting is worked properly.
II. Then I see the work of today by referring the plan.
III. Then I check the finished work by referring the plan. E.g. the finished for is steel work of
the slab, I check the number and checking the proper orientation of bars and its diameter,
and the finished work is formwork of the column, I check the level or deflection by using
the bubble (plumb bob) and so on….
 And also whenever I participating on the site, I use the following procedure:-
I. I observe or I ask how I do the work.
II. Then I participate on working.
III. I will ask any question to my supervisor
IV. I will write what my supervisor told me or tech me any thing
 And during reporting the work, I have my format

 I write the general work of the day
 I write the weekly abstract.
 I write the monthly progress of the project.

2.7 How Good I am in performing work task
 During performing my task, I always do my best in trying to produce an accurate

outcome. Undeniably there were times when I wasn’t able to produce such outcomes
(sp. on the first weeks) but after a while I was becoming better and better.
 During supervision work, in order to be able to supervise, one should know what to
be done and who are doing the activity. So I tried to get close to the workers and it
has made my supervision very easy. And I ask them a lot of question and the answer
the gave me helps me a lot.
 Regarding to physical activities’, I won’t refer myself as the best in regards to
physical tasks but I tried my best. It just to know how hard their work is.
 Regarding reporting the work of today, I always record by my paper, so I got good
vision of the project.
 Therefore as an intern, I tried to understand tasks as fast as possible and interpret the
logics with the practical things. And I developed a good work entices during this
period. Like punctuality, reliability, professionalism, accuracy and so on…..
 the exercise that my supervisor told me to do I do my best to answer the question the
he gave. I always learn from him by what he will do when he face some challenges.
2.8Work Challenge and There Measure that I Gave and Recommendation

Work challenge is the basic challenge for any person that works as a site engineer. Challenges
are found around basic project work like;
 During concrete casting and concrete work

 During carpenters work and
 During steel work
First challenge is the site areas
Generally, there was no working space and first I got on site I saw this thing it big challenge
for the supervisors, contractor, owner and neighbors beside the site main victim by this.
b/c of no work space there one neighbor’s house soil was eroded by touch of excavator in
excavation work and the neighbors shouted and he gets to the court to which cause the
dalliance and wastage of manpower, carpenters are the major parties which influenced by
this challenge.

Figure 18 Soil Erosion by Excavator
The second challenge was the drawing of site

this challenge was affect many the workers in site which are the concert and steel workers.
form this steel workers are affect by placing the bar. I was supervising some steel workers work
and I saw them challenged by the drawing. The drawing and the real working area sometimes
were not equal. The drawing was revised three times while i was on site. in the drawing it say
bending the bar but in real site place the will not be bending b/c the site dimension and drawing
site dimension sometimes they are not right. the drawing was challenge for the carpenters work
when they work the dimension on the site and on the drawing was not equal. by the first drawing
there were many columns and the second one was minimized the column and shear wall was
placed.
The Third Challenge was the ready mix

the ready mix was the main challenge by pressure of the ready mix(concert pump):
the pressure of the ready mix was challenge for the carpenters and the concert workers.the
carpenters must build formwork for every concert work. this formwork must be strong in order to
hold the ready mix. in our site there many days where the ready mix blast the formwork. so the
carpenters must do something for the blast formwork and it was highly challenged for site
supervisors. some formworks are being bluest out by the pressure of the ready mix. For the
concert workers the ready mix has high pressure so it needs more labors so it waste more energy
by this. the operators that operates the ready mix sometimes do not catch each other and by this
there more wastage of concert in site area.

Figure 19 Plywood burst by the concert pump
this pictures shows the blast by the ready mix on the formwork of the mat beam. there more
place were the blast occurs and by this there is many labor force are wasted there energy by this
challenge
Figure 20 Working on the busted Plywood

The time that the ready mix being brought to the site
this was a big challenge for the work in the site. the ready mix will minimize the time u spent on
casting concert with human power. but the time it takes to bring the ready mix will matter. in our
site this was a big challenge. it takes many days to bring the ready mix. the company that brought
the ready mix will say the machine is not working properly. so by this the work flow will be
changed it does not work according the work plan. it will influence the works that work on the
site. this challenge will change the whole process in the site. the day the building will be finished
changed.
The construction process by itself has had some challenges

 Pipe Linkage
 Lack of man power
 The employers take risk when the excavation work is done b/c there was no
enough space
my personal challenges were

 health challenge
 the site was far form my place.
the measure that have taken for my personal challenges was for my health was going to hospital
and for the site place i will always get up using train i will go to the site. the train costs little
money. I entered during concrete cast on Sunday. concrete casting very interesting because some
sample taken on site this gives good knowledge about construction. I came my computer then the
site engineer show office work.

Chapter Three
OVERALL BENEFITS
3.1My practical skill
Practical skills related to the application of knowledge, theory and/or skills I have developed
in the higher education to collect real life tasks. When under taking practical tasks I need to use
my common sense to be proactive and follow health and safety procedures. For example;
regarding health and safety, if want to cut reinforcement bars, I wear eyeglass. For my hand, I
use glove. When I enter in to the site, I use hamlet for my head and so on.
When I say, use my common sense, know when something you are doing make sense and it
doesn’t, that means I know when and when not to ask for help. As an apparent student I get so many
practical skills my asking different peoples around the site. For example; I ask electrician about
installation of circuit and the mechanics that operates different machines in site. So the practical skill
found in the site is not only about the civil part, it is more than that. So after all this internship
Through the practice I develop a lot of knowledge concerned with practical skill.
From the practical I develop:-
 The way how to read the drawing and interpret in to actual position.
 By refereeing the plan, how to prepare reinforcement bar for the beam, columns, slabs etc…
 How they made formwork for the beam soffit, columns and also spondee.
 When the concrete cast on slabor a beam, if they stop by different reasons like , for E.g.
human right watch’s saying that “one person must be work 8 hours for 1day”.in our
company we start work @8:00am and we finish @5:00pm, therefore at this time if the slab or
the beam is not cast concrete fully (mean in all span) they must stop at 1/3 of the span length
b/c at this part the sheer is approach to zero.
3.2Improving theoretical skill

For anybody that join the work of environment theoretical skill is one of the most bases for all
over the skills. B/c of those students must be analyzed and clearly understand the theoretical part.
In my company I always try to integrate my theoretical part to the actual Cleary and from the
internship program I improve a lot of knowledge learned with practical skills that mean I learned from
the education class working drawing, architectural design, structural design and others gives a wide
view for working on the practical world.

In my opinion internship is all about changing the theoretical skills we had and turning them in to
actual practical skills.
From the practice I develop the way how to read and interpret the drawings through practice and I
always memorized the theoretical parts with the practice.
3.3My interpersonal communication skill

Interpersonal communication is the process by which people exchange information, feeling
and meaning through verbal and nonverbal message: it is face-to-face communications.
Interpersonal communication is not just about what is accurately said the language used but
how it is said and the nonverbal messages sent though tone of voice, facial expiration, question
and body language.
When I come to my own states, before this internship program I haven’t had enough
courage and skill to talk to respected persons or business man. I’m not saying I haven’t had any
skill of talking b/c we can get some of this skill from our social life but you know before this
internship program I didn’t had a chance to meet people for work.
With whom I got enough skill communicating. These is also beneficial, but on this
competitive world to be one of the compotator you have to know those high business man’s,
those are bonus to our life to our life that help us to get high score and high score doesn’t mean
just a result, but it can be change in to high dollars which can help as to stand behind those
respecting business mans. So after this internship program I got the basic skill and courage to
communicate to respected business mans. Some of these skills are:-
 Guiding and collecting information

 Influencing the attitude and behavior of others
 Forming contacts and maintaining relationships
 Making sense of the world and our experience in it
 Giving and receiving emotional support
 Make predictions and solving problems (as my supervisor used to say Engineering
is all about judgment)
 Anticipate and predict behavior

3.4Team playing skills
In my company every works is done by team works. These helps to move parallel Works one
after the other. Team work facilitates to execute work with its duration time. The skills that I
gained in my teams:-
 I improved intention of teams to speed up the tasks.
 I improve how to use individual skill and knowledge for the use of the team.
 I know how parallel works move.
 I get the way how meet the company schedule by using the team.
 To design modification of design.
 To facing site challenges.
3.5My leadership skills

The actual performance of a work started with a function of direction, planning, organization and
staffing functions are concerned with the preliminary works for the achievement of organizational
objectives, but leading (directing) deals with making employers (workers) learn techniques to perform
the job assigned to them.
For myself I was improving my leading skills by direct participating in the team.
 By combing my theoretical leader ship styles, I tried to motivate the team and lead them to
accomplish the goal of the company.
 In the other sides, I involved directing and coordinating of the activities of subordinates by
this. I get the skill of staffing and motivating subordinates.
In my company I know:-
The techniques to perform the job assigned.
 The way guidance, supervision and motivation employers.

 The role of leaders how they coordinate planning organization and staffing functions with
the following leading off the team.
 The way of leading by identifying the intellectual emotional physical and other personal
characterizations.
Generally the internship program gives a good view about the role of leading in any
organization. How the leading is influencing others to accomplish organizational goals.

For all I know about directing concerns the total manner in which a manager influences the
action of his subordinates. It is the final action of managing others to act after all preparation has been
completed.
3.6My Work Ethic

Work ethics include not only how one feels about their jobs, career or vocation, but also how
one does his or her job or responsibilities. This involves attitude, behavior, respect,
communication and interaction how one get along with others. Work ethics demonstrate
many things about who and how a person is.
Work ethics involve such characteristics as honesty and accountability. Essentially, work
ethics breakdown to what one does or would do in a particular situation. Through the last few
years there have been companies whose work ethics honesty, integrity and accountability have
been rather shady and have a rather negative impact on other people. This has involve people
looking the other way when people have done something questionable or thinking it would not
matter.
Work ethics such as honesty (not lying, cheating and stealing), doing a job well, valuing
what one does having a sense of purpose and filling /being a pert a greater vision or plan is vital.
Philosophically if one does not have proper work ethic, a person’s concise may be bothered
people for the most part have good work ethics/; we should not only want to do, but design to do
the proper thing in a given situation. Work ethics are intrinsic; they come from, if they come from
within. The company that I have internship program have put with a document the right and
regulation of workers.
Work ethics is one of the regulations that the workers follows on the job task. In the
company we always use safety rules during the job we follow every work ethics for good forward
of the project. If the workers environment well connected on their work they put negative progress
on the project progress. B/c of these any company by following all the regulation of work ethics
they get positive regulation their project progress. These are one of the important skills that every
worker knows in every day to day work activities in the construction industries.
In every my activities I follow all the regulation of the company because of these I improve
my work ethics skills on my work tasks, I always:-
 Used safety rule like hamlet, hand glove and eyeglass etc…
 Friend well relation with the workers.
 Come in the morning on time before the work started.
 Follow the rule on the production and on the usage of construction materials.
 Never do bad thing that put negative sign on the project.
 Do every works all my assistance gives for done.

Generally following the company relation, doing every given work with procedure, using safety
rules, well relation with the workers I get new knowledge about work ethics construction industries.
3.7Entrepreneurship skill
Entrepreneurship is a key driver of economic growth and job creation. It provides many
people with career opportunities that better fit their preferences than waged employment.
A construction project mainly requires large human, financial, physical (material and
equipment) institutional (management) resources. Entrepreneurship is defined as special human
talent that helps manage those factors of production such as labor machinery and capital and
takes risks of making loses. An entrepreneur is required to establish meaningful relationship
between activity and authority which is intimately related to planning function.
Human resource management
Having a quality worker is a must if one needs to be productive and the need for
employment testing comes to picture to determine the candidates ability to perform the job, in
addition interviewing provides more opportunity to verify information on hand and to find out
more about the persons interest, aspiration and expectation.
In addition once employees have done their jobs, they expect to be compensated.
Employee compensation refers to all forms of pay or rewards going to employees arising from
their employments. An adequate salary structure together with healthy physical and social
working conditions is the basic requirement for organizational efficiency and effectiveness.
I have been able to understand that taking responsibility for the safety by providing safety shoes
& helmets.
Equipment utilization management
Construction equipment management helps a person to plan implement and monitor

construction equipment to:
 Enhance optimum utilization
 Increase efficiency or productivity of inputs to the products of the construction
 Harmonize standards and enhance the quality of work
When it comes to utilization of equipment there was a question of renting for short terms
or purchasing the equipment for long term use assuming that its products return that cost with in
short period of time. The other decision to be made by the construction entrepreneur is when to
use human labor or machineries or the composition of the two to different percentages.
These two questions are answered after estimating the direct cost of production for possible
combinations of resources and the output per each combination and the amount they would bring
to the company.

Financial management
Wide financial flow is achieved through detailed market studies and also taking long term
contracts with the best material suppliers in terms of quality and cost.
A company should also be able to put well qualified and efficient personnel for
preparation of contracts and payments and also make sure that these are done on time to avoid of
subcontractors and employees
During my internship experience I have been able to grasp ideas about human
resources management, equipment utilization and financial flow and also develop self-
confidence to play my strength in believing in myself and taking risks in my future career
Generally, creating a new way for the works to move project parallel. Providing a new idea to
face out challenges. Creating a new idea for the company to meet the project duration and also:-
 Challenges always happened on the construction industry.

 Providing better way for the work flow and project duration.
 My assistance gives for me the chance to create a new idea on the task.
 Up and down (backwardness or forwardness) or not smoothly move off the project.
 Give a huge entrepreneurship skill for me.

Chapter Four
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
4.1Conclusion
In conclusion I would like to say these past four months of internship thought me just as
much knowledge about construction as the past 3 years. it has been a real great experience
having an internship program after 3 years of theoretical classes. Because it helps show me what
the actual practical influences of what i learn in classes are in the outside world. And also helps
me as a person to get myself ready to what is waiting for me after I finish my classes in the
university.
During my internship period I was introduced to some new construction techniques like how
a mat foundation is built, how interlocking structures were built like stair around a lift house, and
so on.I was also able to see a few tests being carried out such as; slump test, , cube test,…
I was also able to communicate with different people and learnt how to handle these people
in a professional manner. I also learned that working is not as easy as I thought and also not as
hard as most people think, it is just a matter of developing the right amount of interest that
matters most.
The field practice has played a tremendous role in equipping, students with the practical
knowledge of understanding and implementing field exercises in civil engineering. It helped us
develop self confidence and introduced us to the world of construction. It also acquainted us with
the knowledge required to monitor construction sites.
These days the technology of construction industry has been improved. Consequently
modern and new construction techniques and material usage is in practice. This has greatly
required the improvement of the work methodology. As a result the supervision work shall also
be improved. So it is clear that the supervisor has a big role to improve the time quality and cost
controlling in the construction industry. To implement these parameters (time, cost and
quality)the experience of the supervisor shall be carefully determined by the consultant
depending on the size and complexity of the project.
I think it would be fair to say the internship program has been a helpful experience in
exposing us to the real engineering work. It can also be expressed as an exciting events
depending upon how excited one really is to put his theoretical knowledge into practice. It had its
ups and downs but at the end it left us to know what we wouldn’t if we spent all the time
learning in the university.

The internship, overall was an experience that was both exciting and at the same time
overwhelming. It opened my eye to a whole new world of a construction process and the
professional life of an engineer. I think it is more than safe to say that I had tried to the best of my
ability to somehow meet the goals of the internship program.
Thus the internship experience has helped me to:

 In giving clue about what real working environment looks like
 In deciding what will be my future stream of work
 Learn Practical consideration for building construction & design
 Upgrade my theoretical knowledge and visualizations
 Learn about project evaluations & cost management
 Upgrading my ability to be creative, confident and take risks in my future professional
career.
Finally I would like to point out some measures the university–industry linkage
coordination office should take that can help this program meet its goal. The office should, with a
close interaction between the industries, prepare some sort of guideline that the student my take at
the beginning of the internship program and follow trough. I say this because when the student
starts his/her internship, either on the construction site or design office, has no idea on what to take
from the experience. And I also feel that the student’s mentor and supervisor should get together
and set out a list of objectives that the student should meet by the end of his/her practice.

4.2Recommendations
In these four month internship semester I have got the chance to see something that could
affect the company’s quality and hinder its growth and efficiency in satisfying the requirement of
the students at practical internship. And I think they need some recommendations to make
suitable environment to the upcoming interns.
During the stay I had on site, I was able to see construction of the foundation, beam, and
column and slab elements deeply, with the assistance of various site engineers. As I have
mentioned in the conclusion, high care should be given to the foundation work as the slightest
mistake may result in a risky situation. But wrong handlings and practices were seen being made
by contractors (contradicting the contract agreement they signed), knowingly or unknowingly.
Even though some errors are seen at site such as,
 Fail to begin construction on time.
 Tie reinforcement bars and stirrups in a way that don’t match the design.
 Over vibrate the concrete.
 Remove the formworks and panels carelessly, which highly disturbs the setting/hardening
concrete.
 There is no enough working space
 Lake of medicinal treatment(FIRST AID )
 Work man ship problem observed after proper inspection
 Delivery of material and equipment
 Design clarification
I suggest that the company improve its out put at the present by addressing the following
mentioned issues with respect to production resources management.
 Health & safety regulations
Health and safety are the responsibilities of everyone at work it is of particular importance
to the construction industry where it is one of the major employers of the work force of the
country.
The rules and regulations for safety of workers should be strictly implemented once
they are written. I recommend that the top management and those who are concerned including
the Site engineers and the Forman’s should strictly reinforce the rules to wear helmets and the
company should provide safety shoes and other healthy working conditions and services like
toilets and clean drinking water.
 Strong structural department/consulting office/
A design not only needs to be safe but not highly conservative as cost is also one requirement for
its effectiveness.
I recommend that the designers have more responsibility and make real analysis of every
part of the structure. The company should also have strong structural department to check
problems of over estimation and to suggest solutions and minimize the amount of delay that

would be created when ever design changes are needed and also minimize the cost the country
expends for construction materials like cement and steel bars.
 Efficient material utilization/contractor side/
I suggest that everyone be responsible for the proper utilization of materials because they
are usually costly and expensive, imported with huge amount of money, easily perish or lose
their value and quality unless taken good care of. The company should have strong proper
material utilization regulations and have a strict and binding agreement with its contractors by
which they will be held accountable whenever there is improper use of material or unreasonable
wastage.
Some of the recommendations I would like to make for the hosting company is
 The company should not give a better attention to interns

 The wages of the daily laborers is not enough even compared to other construction
companies. and this drives the daily laborers and carpenters away.
 I have observed some managing incapability
 Sometimes the ways of handling the workers were not good.
 I have also observed some defects during the construction process
Recommendation to the university
Depending on my work from the very beginning to the end I would like to recommended the
following important points
 The university should arrange some practical visit in some courses. Because it helps the
students to easy understand what they have learnt in laboratory and lecture class. In this
internship we saw how it is easy to understand on practical work.
 The budget allocated for this internship program is not enough for the students to spend
in this program.
There for the university should reconsider the program rule and law by taking the above
recommendation under consideration.

Reference
 Habesha construction profile
 My personal hand book
 The official website of sunshine company http://www.Habesha Construction.com.et/
 Reinforced concrete 1 & 2 handouts by Surafel and Chandra in 2007
 A book of Limit state design of concrete structures by Dr.Rahm Chandra &ViredraGehlot 3rd
revised edition,2007
 EBCS 1995
 Building construction hand out by Lulachew in 2006 E.C
Foundation Engineering I by Bantatehu in 2007 E.C

Appendices
 " Bega"------------used by bar benders for bending reinforcement of different diameter
 "foundo".............Bottom soffit. It a formwork for beams of width
 "Mekesecha".......Brace. itSupport a vertical side formwork of a beam and column panel
diagonally.
 "modeni" ............carry the plywood(form work) of slab
 "plywoods"-----------is made up of wood or metal used in the construction of form work
 "Ponte"..............a vertical straight standing wood used to support slab formwork
 "rope" .................sibago...........Used to maintain alignment
 "stafa" .............Stirrup
 "sponda".............Side board .it a formwork for beams of depth
 "squadera"--------is made up of metal used to check for right angle or 90 degree.
 "tumbi"............. Plumb bob. It used for checking verticality of structural members.
.
.

Sena Cov - For Merge

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Sena Cov - For Merge

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sena Cov - For Merge

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

SENA TOLA FINAL INTERNSHIP REPORT 2008E.

BACKGROUND OF THE COMPANY

1.1 Company History

1.2 Vision Of The Company

1.3 Mission Of The Company

HAWASSA UNIVERSITY Page 1

1.4 Objectives And Goal Of The Company

HAWASSA UNIVERSITY Page 2

1.5 The Main Products And Services Of The Company

 Provision of decent houses,( condominium houses in the last five years).

Site Number & Estimated Contract signing Status as of to Use

HAWASSA UNIVERSITY Page 3

Ayat Ayat 30,038,959.14 Mar. 12,2012 Superstructure Residential

Table 1. Composition and status of the construction projects underway

Residential & Commercial Building

No. Number of Cost of

Table 2: Project currently under construction

HAWASSA UNIVERSITY Page 4

HAWASSA UNIVERSITY Page 5

Figure 3 Mix Use Buildings

1.6 End Users of Services ofHabesha Construction

HAWASSA UNIVERSITY Page 6

Table 3 Number of employees by qualification.

Figure 4:Number of employees by qualification

Figure 5: Size of Sales in Units

HAWASSA UNIVERSITY Page 7

Figure 6: Sales value in Birr

Figure 7: Values of construction work

Figure 8: Profitability & Return on equity

HAWASSA UNIVERSITY Page 8

General introduction of the project

1.7Overall Project Organization And Work Flow

Work Flow of the Project

 Submission of a report comprised of forecasted accomplishment of tasks at the beginning

HAWASSA UNIVERSITY Page 9

 Weekly meeting between construction officers and consultants, so as to check the

HAWASSA UNIVERSITY Page 10

CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING OFFICE ADMINISTRATION

Construction Engineer-1 Office Engineer -1, WARE HOUSE Adminstrator-1

Construction Supervisor Bare bender Foreman-1 MECHANICAL

Supervisor-1, Plumber-4 Supervisor-1

Table 4. HCMD Project Organization & Work Flow chart

HAWASSA UNIVERSITY Page 11

 I develop major communication skills.

General introduction of the project

HAWASSA UNIVERSITY Page 12

2.2Getting In to the company

Figure 9 The Overall View of the Site

HAWASSA UNIVERSITY Page 13

2.3The section of the company that I was working in:

HAWASSA UNIVERSITY Page 14

2.4The work flow in the section

Office & Site engineer Site Project

Daily Labour force

Table 5 Work flow on the site

HAWASSA UNIVERSITY Page 15

 the steel workers (Ferrayo)

Figure 10 Steel works(Ferrayo)