IBL Project 207

Date : 2021/4/21

Instructor: Saad Mohammed A. Alahmadi

By:
Abdulrahman Alghamdi
Section: 3 ID: 201811620
Abdullah Almohammedali
Section: 3 ID: 201861140
Mohammed Alhammad
Section: 3 ID: 201840360
Introduction: (by Abdulrahman Alghamdi)
In this project basically, we were asked to come up with a system that converts a
non-sinusoidal periodic signal into one or more sinusoids.

Theory: (by Abdulrahman Alghamdi)

After studying Chapter 5 in the textbook (Fourier Transform) we have seen how to
represent a signal in the frequency domain. Two important representations that we are
interested in are sin(wot) and any non-sinusoidal periodic signal. See Figure 1

Figure 1. sine signal and Periodic signal in the time and frequency domain.

*Note: because all the real-life systems are causal we are going to neglect the negative part.
As can be seen from figure 1, that the sine signal has only one pulse in the frequency
domain however, the non-sinusoid periodic signal has an infinite number of them. At this
stage, we noticed that if we want to convert the signal into a sinusoid signal we just need
one pulse in the frequency domain that is why we are going to use a band-pass filter to
choose one frequency and eliminate the others.
Band-pass filters can be represented as RLC series circuit such that the output is taken at
the resistor.
 Figure 2. circuit for Band-pass filter with the frequency domain representation.

Since our system in the frequency domain looks like a rectangle, using the duality property
we know it must be a Sinc function in the time domain.
Here are some of the equations for the Band-pass filter:

ωo (center frequency) = eq.1

√

ωc1 (cutoff frequency) = - + ( ) + eq.2

ωc2 (cutoff frequency) = + ( ) + eq.3

1- Carry out the design along with all the required steps for one sinusoid
at the output (by All of us)
Let’s say that the input has 𝑤 = 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠 . so we need to make 𝑤 = 𝑤 .
Using eq.1 𝐿 = 1𝐻 and C = 0.10132H .
We will make w = 0.9w and w = 1.1w . using eq.2 𝑅 = 0.66Ω .

Figure 3. the design.

2- Repeat for more than one sinusoid (up to three sinusoids) (by Mohammed
Alhammad)

For the output to have 3 sinusoids we need to increase the bandwidth. And to increase we will
make 𝑤 = 2𝑤 , 𝑤 = 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠.

Using eq.1 𝐿 = 2𝐻 and C = 0.01267H .

We will make w ≈ 0.5w and w ≈ 3.5w . using eq.2 𝑅 = 20.5Ω .

Figure 4. the design for 3 sinusoids.

3- Quantify the quality of the output using an appropriate measure. (by

Abdullah AlmohammedAli)

The harmonic distortion is considered one of the most problems that we face in the sinusoidal
signal. As we have known , the hormonic distortions are common voltage and current variations
due to changes within the electrical distrabtion systems. To illustrate that , when we lower
hormonic distortion in audio system , it means the component of loudspeaker produce more
accurate reproduction.

Figure 5. graph to clarify.

What are the causes of hormonic distortion and its solutions ?
There are some problems that effect to make hormonic dictation :

1– The response of the system magnifies one or more harmonics to a greater degree than can be
tolerated.

2 - The path in which the currents flow is too long (electrically), resulting in either high voltage
distortion or telephone interference.

3 - The source of harmonic currents is too great.

For solving this problems , we have options that may control the hormonic.

1 -by modifying the frequency response of the system such as inductor and capacitor.

2-by reducing the harmonic currents produced by the load.

4- Verify the results using Matlab. (by Mohammed Alhammad)

1- verifying step NO.1

Figure 6. the code in matlab.

Figure 7. x(t)(the input function) in matlab.

Figure 8. H(w)(the filter) in matlab.

 Figure 9. y(t)(the output function) in matlab.

2- verifying step NO.2

Figure 10. H(w)(the filter) in matlab.

Figure 11. y(t)(the output function) in matlab.