THIS VERY BEAUTIFUL PEARL OF THE ORIENT SEA "he ilps one natu is andthe atp aes prt ‘etches ne vitor by apie Te lel acer as ste ‘ut tha the pah er toe fr pra ans sere heh {pron of he opie forthe dance sung on he Sth Chis Se. tage promis fet and wet can the jen of el psd no how of fo ina he aya ly fo te ay nt of Tatra beauty ony te Pils nds here ae some ¥ spss fords a sone 8500 sei of fora, plants The sir an ed ih oe than 0 se STE ude oe Troe thn 10 ins of me ero fig ot ec wet {oppo wal fem cco and urine swamps The He Ios fit hadben cred re Neon Gap Magi The beauty the Piipites har ver en oo th Flips hens thee ofthis caper cme roms psa by Alario Mai ane of renal pon eer then he wet tr. ate twin B58 Mata ya lamenting tthe ely eee Aer per ‘sm would ie Unied Sua tome the Pine ease of i hs. {fis pjea murs i oe aracaloa Mobi werton ott the ilipinos eet ems, ot bse Go as en tus bata be ee ved much lo or Eom the Beginnings the aa sua the lc us td lpn atonal wth er fie telling» we fw anaison whould. Thesapagi th ingested nom of pungent retyping. the oa xs1 ay eta eof he Ori Sa ) Natures Terrors the Philipines ital one fhe nt disterstrck counties in the wot ‘Rebus bce wa enti fr to asthe “Pec ing of Fires eek of seanic weak pts where aor estan pints grind agai cach ther There ae twenty-one active volcnocy,w-hundred dormant one, and mic nd ai [ly 1H orth Laon we desta yan croak ‘ht neue. 7 on th ihr se, The of gu wat om the et fe country sigs andes speared ie devattion. Ando ane), 1991, Mount Pinto, asravleno that ha bon daiant for oer 0 yer, rapt wih esc hat ager the imagination Th dae 12 ion people homeland 200100 acres were covered with 9 ili ons fie white shad hick sage tht adhe fre ie eds of ctrl Loa lok they td bee iby a ian powstrm ar paved over Airports atom he nd. tilly Gore axe egines became led withthe The magic of he bt rs re aac tht he etre works average empersturs were ered by tome ees for eversl wr Pinas ash sk tng. ‘ine yearly the els continues to rena he lndseae ad tater peoples lies. Gatk ir Bosc the mae US. niagy installation io the Philippines was ender al ut sels athe fw oahu (avery hot mi of rat ad ceca) comic to spend len moving at up tity mus per Bourend hiftngas mich 30 milion cube yr of ar ts tine. undode ‘of square mie are covered. The old cy of Bala, tmenty five miles rom Pinatubo, sui unl 1995 wbeo vanished unde vent et of ha, oy the bey and spe canbe sen. The city covere ke Pompei And thee ate sill approxi 27 bles cabie yards of voli ater sting ori wth future monsoonal ain and flow over the oust. For Tare generations, this nora pos wil be wonder fle, be today meas destracion, Allostin and mstained min “The nation ao exposed o ror than went thoes per season and use ally idl ve oto stall The Pippen the mile of Ue mos a tietyphoon btn the Pci: Typhoon Angela, the wort tor ofthe 1935 hi the archipelago in November 1995 with ends yp to 155 mies per hou indies died aed more tan «quater of milion people wer le homes crop and infustcire dang wasn thei fdas. [a Nove 19, {Typhoon Thel (Using) hit Leyte and 000 people drowned Noverber 1967, Typhoon Nina ile ,000 people 36 teased the ial region: and “Typhoon Joan, ch in 170, it wish peak win 172 ie pe bow ‘Vrain Ss ri Mayon aca the Biol mon bre en viet rato (ou he Tor the Philippines, the pal ait that nature sboth bral nb fu, Leis precious Fipios can ewer forget thea. an their tain of tecepone of tach vicars of le is aed inp yh waren fhe {err oftyphoon carga, od and vleano ‘The Physical Environment etching ik # hin a firs clr jot on th Topi of Cast Sr the enon the srhieag va wean pn of and ning oot The Aan mainland. There are 7107 Mand seatered arp S0.0M ie {the county basa land aa of 114472 ear miles and seth alot 1150 les Although th ol land ari primate th same a ho Tejon 00 fends re poplited Only 2 sans ae oe re mile fo lp 11 lands contain 9 percent of he tld mas The de tt the Philipines Bg identify the and of Luzon wth 4.8) square m about 3 pereent ofthe land ae the and of Mindanao, wih 36580 se ines and ltr ofintrmediatesz lands inthe Visas inca Ce, Taliwe, Samar Negros, Lye Panay, andBobol Georapia ragmeriatins one ofthe ental factrof Pippine ieunt its doinates the Me il tern (hans temperate ciate where people ve and enter tht ae within te atonal boundaries et ead ther ar 2.00 lc epesies of fah Inthe pat few has Become a najoe ne Inde thoughout the nh promie of new pots source and expert product, Tere shout 14 milion meron Sil alot aloft cl nfs teeben Eeaget by pai dumped into the water force Bak tothe ern Dynumilg och ih ao ray dpe he eh tk his tats Man besa bse ater Tnionw proving fy source of recite se rroundng he ids dezmine he tis ee The Asan manson hn bce een ‘Weernltertrets alii moe pomieismoe tpn Dang ncaa snecmen Inthe Northen Homipere the and mars epee gg Aan ontnenl mas, est up tr eh the sroueg eens Tee inter months, he lnd mate oles empraar ler dan daa eae Sie ot sir and ice het ean on thirty ea ek ing actor determine the preva wind nd tin tre, dons hte te wind erie maitre fm the ser ent easton a Neo ad ot aco the en. The input ofthis penemeon ka Kors lc, depending on the cation of moutaia ages he sar and pon ean ind andor opograpil ad cmatloged ues The monsaonswhich mak se ont ft lay rhe ry enon are sul pecan any gen ay, te when an Ba sce poe ‘ina, rodacing a unpre flowed by porns In Mac he ‘ins ome fom Jane to Nove, thecal ry season it os Deer a Febru, and th ot dy season ws Marth to May. ae Mindee ‘ich tedstohinea ete nl eboney ac ‘eof ouueitapedby th monsoonal pate, "The temperstre rly is sve 100 cegrecsPabenl a he lowest sod capers bey bw 6 depts Fant Tho scy hgh _serag huni andthe one of ain eaoinary when come heed ‘inl can ceed fom 160 20a ein eh pre fe adipel 40. Thistropcal ination mes tht the nd isbn wich se tous problems of ol eran snd lesching,Inccsngl wie ots ofthe Thilpine recone wih gh bt commecly cs yop aed li. They ako an thal ies lug sy shin diane, cary sebum of wae an si doen the mong "ey avi er of he ri Se s 'o therivr mou, cating inert alvin depois atthe apes othe, ‘eraod. tach a dimat thers rpid doy of dead pnt renee a sul uopiea ain forest often look lsh een though the top lee ‘realy allow, The permis the trong plans tourney tnining the nse an thos that ont mae Wet Rice evste smb Nth upton ipo tsa ie dy clrms tect tu roa open ee Secombe pinged arenes ae tom ping canning when Tetaal ont a ‘pt ye powig gee i don ove tana nan Smarty We calito yn i. frm edge ep we ‘asin hat olde see, ties aa aie eed i en ah baal yoy be tepiaen npsnicnecienerc see cee (ier fo aint orn) an teen se hee ee sewer nen wiowcep home irra ae ica «ont nd ute yao one note ste ako nbs Wan inne ‘erreronte menue ony encoun Fy om Se Tn ee oc mat nals ae Sit ayaa tte yy pa ef ence eae "Alfie ee ld nd fe tienen see [dvi mala se pans ma mein, ea ea bedi, ther byron tae pin canspen ins yorum oes nae tte contnsra rain ngs eet ning ve Une cn eo ied a bar pop Te le stone cadre Soding ng ots ada eae rows The oy Hs ely ee tas se Pow thew ba crea afer btching ste n icra at teniicen wien iterate as The pnt cl ap tes Oe aon tore mats fl ech aspen means oe ‘re pemited mot len ld Te pecs tions Sen emp asss dmpe omaha scab abot 40 pen nh Te van csoncnor ne ee6 "ny if a ofthe rio eres (Corey of the Non Nai Production Cntr) sn arduous labor itensv tsk In adion to good fortune and hard wotk he farmer neds eta f seed wl ret naturel pet, doughs and ood, Pras ie early conservative Survie may depend one Sucre bad ‘heaton waterbed Although, bay, te poverment has atenptd en Tih andl en Berexportindty one of as tthe cn, The oven Tee ls thon 20 perc he oe shoal gt a Keke. day Corporati abe anvlet SRE he int nan digace Tr been etd in the coy. solving the delet the so, chante mange. a ono Tene. The Pippine bs the wold rrge depots of ei ad ste ‘Stl roc of gin the mt Ov the pst seven! dae he = ah inMinsna thar gone so ely pepe ‘cited ented be wor bom ough er 0 yo ‘fatal hs undp ofthe por te come om ch mea poring soot 2508 etn cpp Ea OF he 4 Tonacef mind ony me ve ben peopl ree Tong afr tart oe Eropen he ner werearteringor 0 ingroe ad ex podi roel gods Te Chine concen (be Piped fain none {Gunes ow. Or th ut decade sco hve dae en ‘ter aT aul Choe pram pts and ds a pectin gs ome ofthe ptt aha ent datos a 500 ei guy at the dfnion of Chine pot porn ar ado bereft. fo {urn fret poplar te Chinese wanted Pipe exten neling ‘Sur roc tal an pode Othe sae of Mndaan and ee ‘hse cl des ee en rein pears or ceri, Piipine* Thy Boi et of hr Se empladding Maile ops, bas long ben pied by elmarins frie strength and applenes. "The eure of he archipelago an the aay ofthe evironent have shaped ‘he stay andthe fe af the Fipno people: There sink betwen the oes, ‘puupe evn ga, ronmetaton of Phppine drew and th brillant nice deuce The sional mae dros of th Pipins eth larg topo hie ‘which pret se for the opis i eboratly eroded takes ‘hepa ofthe Wesem cost nde, nde, at formal acs in the Plippiney, the its wor Buttoned tothe nek witout ae, ara smo reminder of he ‘ap when the Spnih shores pros ay ini a the pts were known, fom wearing ai. The shins are made out of atv ber, inn pita and ‘amie The abc epecally these mde fom banana ie ac gies Manila ‘The fteatonal tale spposching the Flips by sic ilfred spctac- lar vine As the plane drops pes oer rugged but aren ges of vleanie ‘mountains These mastic eas tof by lant esky and cums lous, a fof Pampanga and Talc Especial ring the ranplntng eason when {ds ae flooded with ash ren young shot tis a beaehaking vison of opie splendor. As the plan comes nots inlapprach pases ve the palit egorous shat ke, Laguna de Bay ne behind dst ods, Pata Wal Buln an boo hooey and deen ores the vas ur ‘ansprol hats the cy of Man, athe lane nding gar ecends he vi ior lok oer cy of enormous dey led with a maze of mal streets tin ‘sect wood or bamboo huts nd hous ior and markerplces Patches sf pean and oconal bara tex pes way uit ee Mana from thsi Sedan and choked wih eta ures und industry thas he appear sce of cy atu grows Tomy ‘Aer the plane touches round, te passengers sept ino the ster, ner: angele environment of al internal sirports, bt llowing the trip through customs, the pstengsr suddenly comes out int ecingy endless aru of eLsherthe humid warn of the Philp cimste and thee ‘ei chaos of tax drives and porters. Thre ar taxi finden ae and Jepanse origin othe rp to abo or anther destination. "Te ist impression of Mania ith i an affuent cy ecause ofthe deaming modern airport faci, the manicured shoes of flowering sbeebs vd eet and elegant owns nd he showy boulevrcsVery 00m, however the oan Boxer, Mani Bi, (Can fth ation Mai duction etePiatt ee RG seg Se 1 Vy Ba rt oft Ort Sot ‘eae aver the controlled and empty pac ofthe srport arcs and it djs: cent pepackaged tourist 2one and sees the otber Malsbusesblclng. Black ‘uae, jepneye catening around pothole, sidewalk vendor Rawing their ‘esc The vio lr fcinaling Thies ean amodee cy. Teision anton. {ere form the moat ramsbecle shane bythe oud edge cas chake the "Huse andprhap passengers el with her fms neon sign, vast rper market, high-rise industrial comes and el eat developments appear Tike outs in a desert of poverty apd urban sprawl Yet Mansi lap clasp someting very diferent, something sls. impenetrable, something that he living lives of ‘oi pezton= — ~~ “Hal ea world apart from the countryside around and behind “Talg word forthe interior, forthe mountains is Bd, word tha entered the America ako ab “boone” or “bgondocs" The isos place rom, thick many come butt ik fw etm ecepe to vit tthe tration ome fal eres, bt aio place of ambinlene Foros people in the cy themental map ofthe et ofthe achipeag wma ke te famed (2nd of ‘ex-pirodid) New Yorker vision of th ret ofthe United Sates darted by the eaggrted ele of thei "The eiinship between thi get aban center and the county spe: chology imporant,economsealy even, nd polly cHO2R NSB is bots dependent upon and condecending toward the countie that makes uP ‘heball ofthe sation, and yet although Mantas acy of ieaming skyscrapers and eperhighways, itis alo a complex network of peasant villages. The Southeast Asan cy sno the anlagie oi Wane eanearC Tina only ‘ade wp of reich sd poor peopl who are born there and born ope who are educated and iterated riture could be ound of tye fiom traditional tomadern ‘Aone extere are the word-ias hotels. These ultamader palaces chargea daily rate that isin excess of the anna income of some Tlpinos inthe provice In ths une category ae te Cultural Center comple pd museums Eton the shore of Mania By A few mesa ithe extaordnary ne cy cof Mala, wth its ast shopping centers, bigh-eoficebuldngs and luxurious homes Thi ew cy within acy, developed bythe Zabel de Aaa Fly. one ofthe ost foreral xampes of pivateentsprenciaip and architect in the roves flues ein the main, very handsome. Is emis of Bevetiy lls, of Hout. In 1995 alone three new office owes of tht stories each five ew condoms of wey res ac, and help oven aie capdorii- ‘Th ir Bei Pe of thr Set 2 ms opened, The fife sor ik Tower now ovelocs «postmodern ty ‘ihn gear nde "Ath other eee ae hie of ss, wre fn at nd pla aver open ew tht tl or ot Fes ate, For the {CaltaralCener ut Mata one must pte of hovende a ogres, imany of whom he cer eo eployment roche merge neta os tence is problematic and serie Taal. or these peop he echt ‘Gaborone ofthe very fou for ean fom iy ey Despite this brutal exiencefor thee of thousands of uatersand he hun dod of tousnds of aban poor Man isl mre let place thn he updo. Acoring ome estes Mar nde cnions ave 4 percent | the pom national pods (GNP) of hes an whi of ca ad ‘recs Vitaliy l he nernc,buaingcommencaony avery 2d stra acviterof the nun atc nana No his ave ved Ge ini easiest re conne ht hy the fs el av ‘borer opportunity and renter hans of con Man, Despite nr Imo infin of Word anand Asin Delp Bk nds Rowe he sugleromintin pb nae “The water sonia ore oly inegate forte poplin’ new (ee an Chapter 9) Blt the Aes oa rea Soeeli _ ie Howes when eer come the poten nga de apt ren eee eh so he iy, they discovered tht dove. lian pope eo hee hrs, ha they seertnctiy70 ton of aba day ht 120 nds plants nea ed ‘Sarin tone heal wats hand ht viral none of oe plane fas dog waste teint in. The gut inthe ot oto an (eae ofthe ry el Tend), he poor ho nein he tt of Pas peopl in othe ars of the cy ack exer serve: ty ik water cer frm gorcrunen spp path mst o om fd eas tive nf ces ofthe wor Is the gp eves. he i dh poor oe. From the residential aren of Makai, Forbes Park, and the oe sain, a Scam of eondkoned Mares Bens moves hough the poveriyaihen ‘erat troogh assum Mont ofthe deat rien nero hve high walls bated wit and armed gui opotet hem Dui the Vitam Way when Pesidst gndon Jos the US er met he 965 ‘Magia Confrence, the PAIGE permet spent obo gums of money ricting white pit fees along he motorcade route otha te ig ese applng samy ered ng ough Dring he pope st Bal, thesae hing happened pin“Tene cof Maa (Coineyo he Pipe Minis fori) “a er ef of tert et el ‘banat etching aod the sori of Mii ay anno he snip an ie de andsvopland are Being converted ito unter sete Manila th reste sonar wt fuse nd hee wo Tae ingavarat of Se percent er yer In 90 te chy of Munk had 220000 in tants andthe suburbs 1700, for total of 297.90. Tht ar repented ust ‘over 3 pent ofthe ttl poption af the count: n 1998 they of Ma 4046510 inabann and th bbs he 25,090 pn fra ap Proxima al of 5,01 o $3 percent a thet popu. n 194 the ty ‘of Mana had «population of 984,000and th scurb sy onal 3,0, Ss aproimate ttf 13700 Fpinon 7. pst femal oul By 1958 the cy of Mana ad 126.08 hai nd the our 780.0, a proximately 8 percent ofthe nations poplton, Te sca commie an po {ia desion ofthe cy har be subaanaly expand They of pole ving Manda fr re sophie uid sod etine rates at mich rate Miss depron oe in hich tratonal vere te red by anomie dwar Kl cier—Ceb Tol Dams end ew otc Well endeared deur nd wner Manne, Manila plaice dogged dry nd alive The tation ofp ‘Bech of nan cardboard without mato aon snd is gt ‘be wthprivatepurde and acy aris vse xml he conf ‘dele wo mucho The Wel “eopent™ "And tise ot tdi i wrbn phenomenon sth coeption cf inp betes enol wor Mans cng pu dig eg {rope lguie snd rai dhon of the Flin people Ween acy Samp ofe pal oct, The Sanh ena ces tinct te within {Sys tha the Spaniards hemste ned within the wae the Chine ‘esting and adn each ad th own gustan, Wore important thei own ering counl (ems) But as Ma grew oh west centr, wea ‘he tn ac asad neigiborhod character nd thy fers people Al becgounds the vehicle, edvational resources and jb opportune fro acd moby tn the le nineweoth century, the newly emerpent mest fanlie mve Mana wo ther crn could be ede Wit the aarig of eduction and rng experiences In Man, thee cool not eben he cones of a ‘es and interlocking of mariage ts required to build anata! edeship ‘re. By World War four out fv peopl in Man old ed and writen iat Sl, fever than one ine cold dos, Td iti died tha pea~ a * "Tis Vey Beil Par of th ret Se mata 95 percent ofthe rerident of Man sc iterate in some language, though Utz is suspect od the prey rao television ind the tow dusty areal important means by which Man dominae the cute aad ofthe ation, ‘Mania as lo ha strong nunc onthe rots character ofthe twen= ssh-cenury maton language, Plipine, Manuel Quezon lamenting that be ‘seeded an interpreter when he traveled though the lands wae am al ight ‘hen goto the Tagalog provinces, bec ean speakto the people thee ia he ‘eroaclar in Tagg But goto Doce Sas am alent a stranger ia owe country, I the Prien ofthe Philp” The Vay inpaapes of the ena ‘lindshve dhe largest numbers of speakers, but Ma's power a he eae ‘nd pital center ofthe county has made Tagalog the dominant language, ven ‘hoogh, in theory elements of ll he ngage ofthe country were tobe fre A SINGULAR AND A PLURAL FOLK One of the central dreams ofl modern tons stheeerenc ofan ke ated homogeneous sci in which the itary shares «ene of common entity and am glance. The US. formation of tin sprain seta, staan. Nations exit through the dente Blinc ofthe eerie poset of te eater andthe wing complance of thecsenry final or grou oo ‘vidas choose ptt pede hi aleince oie ag and to eon or hich stands, tat atin cups bland my onthe lary oon is power ofthe government for survive nol wero hits howe died ‘int itel-cannot and” and virus every modern ton ha experienced some frm of eri ara the new pater of alepnce ni the proof oa onal values av nlded wih eben. Ths elormsatian of les by which allegiance tothe nation-state bases paramount on fhe cent ss of tweneth-centary ior ‘Viel every subjugated colony bs sought inet by waging an ex: ‘eral struggle of iberation guint the forme inperil onsod and an inter strogule of reformulation of values agus alison rensinalit vale ay tems Eni, eligous difeenc, gun ty, gegraphial and ior cal experience, deen life experienc, ail or dan obliga, Kinship p= termi~all of these represent privites thats potertally ante tothe ‘ational dream, Peale wil ot thik of thems a Flpnosolndoneas If they pos thereon, ings geographical or ttayals tao theives than hei nations deity Moder nation Ita he nation must be the prene allegiance, the cae to which "seins devote te loyalty and oer tei nee