Introduction to Programming

What is a computer?
• A machine composed of bits and
pieces of materials with a driver to
enable its usage of performing
processes, calculations and
operations based on instructions
provided by a software or
hardware program.
• A driver or a computer program is
a sequence of instructions that is
used to operate a computer
produce a specific result. Writing
these instructions is called
programming.
Languages and its comparison
Human Language
• It is a system of communication
consisting of sounds, gestures,
words, symbols and grammar, or
the system of communication
used by people in a particular
country or type of work.
Computer Language
• It is a system of writing
instructions for the computers.
• Low Level
• High Level
Types of Computer Low-Level Language
Languages • It is a language in which each
ü Low-Level Language
• High-Level Language statement is directly translated
into a single machine code.
Examples
• Machine Language
• Assembly Language
Types of Computer Machine Language
Languages The only language a computer is
ü Low-Level Language
ü Machine Language capable of understanding low-
•
• Assembly Language
High-Level Language
level language comprised of binary
digits (ones and zeros) set of
symbolic instruction codes usually
in binary form used to represent
operations and data in a machine.
Types of Computer Assembly Language
Languages A language that consists of
ü Low-Level Language
ü Machine Language
instructions that are mnemonic
ü Assembly Language codes for corresponding machine
• High-Level Language language instructions implements a
symbolic representation of the
machine code needed to program a
given CPU architecture low level
programming language for
microprocessors and other
programmable devices.
Types of Computer High-Level Language
Languages It is a language that permits
ü Low-Level Language
ü Machine Language
programmers to describe tasks in a
ü Assembly Language form which is problem-oriented
ü High-Level Language rather than computer oriented. It is
a programming language that
enables development of a program
in a much more user-friendly
programming context and is
generally independent of the
computer's hardware architecture.
Programming language
• A set of rules that provide a way of telling a computer what
operations to perform.
• A subset of the computer languages and it is the primary means by
which developers of computing systems instruct a machine to
organize or manipulate information or control physical devices.