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Ilmu Genetika

BW2104 Genetika Hutan

Dr. Ir. Yayat Hidayat
Dr.Ir. Dadang Sumardi, MP.

Rekayasa Kehutanan – SITH ITB

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Ilmu Genetika
Genetika (Genetics –William Bateson 1906) :
Ilmu yang menjelaskan mengenai
hereditas dan variasi.
Variasi
Hereditas - pewarisan karakter/sifat/fenotip
dari induk kepada keturunannya.

Variasi – persamaan dan perbedaan

karakter/sifat/fenotip antara induk
dengan keturunan a Hereditas

Genetika menjelaskan bagaimana karakter

diekspresikan pada suatu individu sehingga
menghasilkan variasi antar individu dan
bagaimana variasi tersebut diwariskan dari Variasi
generasi ke generasi
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Sejarah Genetika
1866 1900 1902 1941 1953
Gregor Johan Mendel DeVries, Correns, Sutton & Boveri George Beadle & Edward Francis H. Crick and James
Heredity Transmitted and von Tschermak Chromosome Theory of Tatum D. Watson
in Units Rediscovery of Inheritance One Gene, One Enzyme
Mendel’s work
DNA Double Helix
Hypothesis
1975
DNA Sequencing
Frederick Sanger and
colleagues, and Alan
https://www.slideshare.net/Je Maxam and Walter Gilbert,
ssTrillo/bio-106-lecture-1?
Snustad & Simmons https://www.slideshare.net/JessTrillo/bi https://www.scienc
(2012) o-106-lecture-1?
ehistory.org/
Molecular Genetic Era
- Omic Technology
- Genome Editing
- Gene Therapy
1958 1966 1987
Matthew Marshall 1990
Kary Mullis
Meselson and Nirenberg Polymerase Launch of the
https://cosmosmaga https://paulingblog.
https://www.greel zine.com/ wordpress.com Franklin Stahl Genetic Code chain reaction Human Genome
https:// Cracked
ane.com/i
https://id.wi Semiconservati (PCR). Project
www.sut
ori.com/ kipedia.org/ ve Replication
of DNA
1859 1869 1909 1911 1952
Charles Darwin Frederick Miescher Wilhelm Thomas Hunt Alfred Hershey & Ilustrated and modified from :
“Natuarl DNA Isolated Johannsen Morgan Martha Chase https://www.genome.gov/Pages/Education/GeneticTimeline.pdf;
Selection” The Word Gene is Chromosomes Genes Are Made of https://www.scienceofhealthy.com/history-genetics/;
Coined Carry Genes DNA
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Three Great Milestones in Genetics

➢ Gregor Mendel: Genes and the rules of inheritance.
postulated the existence of particulate factors—now called
genes—to explain how traits are inherited.
➢ James Watson and Francis Crick: the structure of DNA. a
macromolecule composed of twocomplementary chains of
nucleotides. DNA is the hereditary material in all life forms
except some types of viruses, in which RNA is the
hereditary material.
➢ The Human Genome Project : determined the sequence of
nucleotides in the DNA of the human genome. Sequencing
the DNA of a genome provides the data to identify and
catalogue all the genes of an organism.

http://ncdna © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

day.org/
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Ilmu genetika merupakan bidang ilmu cabang biologi yang mencakup studi tentang pewarisan
dan variasi genetik dengan mempelajari DNA, gen, genom, kromosom, dan komponen lain di
dalamnya.
Sel Kromosom Genom DNA Gen Protein Sifat/Fenotip

https://byjus.com/
Heartwood radius and sapwood
width (Yang et.al., 2020)
Ekspresi gen

Progeni
https://www.999tcm.s
Reproduksi hop/products/nagpur-
teak-tectona-grandis-
seeds-you-mu

Sumber gambar : Snustad and Simmons (2012); Yang et.al., (2020); https://www.999tcm.shop/products/; https://byjus.com/
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DNA as the Genetic Material
In biology information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.

DNA Replication: Propagating Genetic Information

The copies of DNA transmitted from cell to cell and from
parents to offspring

Gene Expression: Using Genetic Information

DNA molecules contain information to direct the activities of
cells and to guide the development, functioning, and
behavior of the organisms that comprise these cells.

Mutation: Changing Genetic Information

Mutations can alter the DNA sequence of a gene. The genetic

variability created by mutation is the basis for biological
evolution.

© John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Levels of Genetic Analysis
Geneticists approach their science from different points of
view—from that of a gene, a DNA molecule, or a population of
organisms.
Classical genetic
In classical genetic analysis, genes are studied by following the
inheritance of traits in crosses between different strains of an
organism.

Molecular genetic
In molecular genetic analysis, genes are studied by isolating, https://www.genome.gov/
sequencing, and manipulating DNA and by examining the
products of gene expression.

Population genetic
In population genetic analysis, genes are studied by assessing the
variability among individuals in a group of organisms.
http://lifeofplant.blogspot.com/
8 Bidang Ilmu Yang Cabang Genetika
MelandasiGenetika
Biology

Chemistry
➢ General
chemistry
➢ Biochemistry

Mathematic
➢ Basic
➢ Statistics

Physic

https://geneticeducation.co.in/what-is-genetics-definition-
history-applications-and-branches/
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Aplikasi Genetika :
➢ Preserving biodiversity
➢ Tree/Crop improvement
➢ Studying inheritance pattern
➢ Creating advanced plant species
➢ Creating genetically modified organisms
➢ Disease diagnosis and characterization
➢ Identification of pathogenic mutations https://www.developmentaid.org/#!/news-stream/post/42919/preserving-biodiversity-vital-to-
reverse-tide-of-climate-change
➢ Identification and characterization of
microbes
➢ DNA fingerprinting
➢ Antibiotic resistance study and drug
discovery
➢ Genetic/DNA medicines
➢ Genetic engineering
➢ Infectious disease diagnosis
➢ Screening, prognosis, and diagnosis of
cancer https://forestrypedia.com/tree-breeding/
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Gene
Corn
theraphy
breeding

Cattle breeding