GROUP QUESTIONS 3

GROUP 1

1) a) Use the notation , where P(x) is a propositional function,

describe each for the following sets:
i) ii) iii)
b) Given a relation R from set A to set B, it’s inverse relation R-1 is the relation
from B to A defined by if and only if Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and let
R be the relation on A defined by:
R = {(1, 2), (1, 4), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 3), (4, 4)}
(i) List the elements of R-1. (ii) Draw the graphs of both R and R-1
(iii) Write down the binary matrices of both R and R-1.
c) Let f, g : R  R be defined by f (x) = 4x −1 and g(x) = x2+1. Find:
(i) f (2) (ii) g(2) (iii) (g ◦ f )( (iv) (g ◦ g)(2) (v) ( f ◦ g ◦ f )(3) (vi) (g ◦ f ◦ g)(3)
d) A man has five suits, eight shirts and seven ties. How many different outfits
can he put together?

GROUP 2

2) a) Use the notation , where P(x) is a propositional function,

describe each for the following sets:

i) ii) iii)

b) Given a relation R from set A to set B, it’s inverse relation R-1 is the relation
from B to A defined by if and only if Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and let
R be the relation on A defined by:
R = {(1, 2), (1, 4), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 3), (4, 4)}
(i) List the ordered pairs of R-1
(ii) Describe the connection between the directed graphs of R and R-1
(iii) Describe the connection between the binary matrices of R and R-1
c) Let f, g : R  R be defined by f (x) = 4x −1 and g(x) = x2+1. Find:
(i) ( f ◦ g)(2) (ii) (g ◦ f )(x) (iii) ( f ◦ f )(2) (iv) ( f ◦ g)(x).
d) A woman has six dresses, five skirts and three blouses. How many different
outfits does she have?

GROUP 3

3) a) Use the notation , where P(x) is a propositional function,

describe each for the following sets:
i) ii) iii)

b) For each of the following relations R on the (ordered) set

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 A = {a, b, c, d, e}, whose binary matrix is given, list the elements of R and
draw its directed graph:

(i) (ii) (iii)

What is the connection between the relations in parts (i) and (ii)?
c) Let f, g and h be functions R → R defined respectively by
f (x) = 2x + 1, g(x) = 1/(x2 + 1), and h(x) = x2 + 1.
Find expressions for each of the following:
(i) (g ◦ f )(1) (ii) (g ◦ f )(x) (ii) ( f ◦ g)(1) (iii) (g ◦ h)(x) (iv) (g ◦ h)(2)
d) Ice cream is available in six flavours. For dessert one can order one
boule, two boules or three boules. How many different desserts are possible?

GROUP 4

4) a) Let X = {0, 1, 2}. List the elements of each of the following sets:
i) ii)
iii) Determine the cardinality of the set
b) Each of the four football teams A, B, C, D in a mini-league plays
every other team both at home and away. A relation R on the set
S = {A, B, C, D} is defined by: if and only if x beat y when x played at
home. The following diagram is the directed graph of R.

List the elements of R, and write down its binary matrix and describe the
relation?
c) Let f, g and h be functions R → R defined respectively by
f (x) = 2x + 1, g(x) = 1/(x2 + 1), and h(x) = x2 + 1.
Find expressions for each of the following:
(i) (h ◦ f )(3) (ii) (( f ◦ g) ◦ h)(x) (iii) ( f ◦ g)(x) (iv) ( f ◦ (g ◦ h))(x).
d) A palindrome is a string of digits that reads the same backwards as forwards.
How many different palindromes are there with six digits? How many with
seven digits?
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GROUP 5

5) a) Let X = {0, 1, 2}. List the elements of each of the following sets:
i) ii)
iii) Determine the cardinality of the set
b) A relation R between the sets A = {1, 2, 3} and
B = P(A) ={Ø, {1}, {2}, {3}, {1, 2}, {2, 3}, {1, 3}, {1, 2, 3}} has the
following binary matrix. (The row and columns of the matrix correspond to
the elements of A and B as they are listed respectively.)

List the elements of R and define in words or symbols.

c) Let A = {humans, living or dead} and let f and g be the functions
A → A defined by f (x) = the father of x and g(x) = the mother of
x, respectively.
Describe the composite functions f ◦ f , f ◦ g, g ◦ f and g ◦ g.
d) How many four-digit numbers less than 6,000 can be made using only odd
digits?

GROUP 6

6) a) Let X = {0, 1, 2}. List the elements of each of the following sets:
i) ii)
iii) Determine the cardinality of the set
b) A relation R on the set A = {a, b, c, d, e} has the directed graph shown
in the diagram below.

(i) List the elements of R. (ii) Write down the binary matrix of R
(iii) Determine whether it is and equivalence relation or poset?
c) In following, define the composite function g ◦ f :

d) A computer password consists of six characters. The first two must be lower
cases and the remaining four can be either digits or lower case letters. How

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 many different passwords are possible?

GROUP 7

7) a) List the elements of each of the following sets, using the ‘...’ notation
where necessary:
i)
ii)
iii) Determine the cardinality of the set
b) The binary matrices MR and MS for two relations R and S respectively
on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} are given below.

and

(i) List the elements of R and S.

(ii) Draw the directed graphs of R and S.
(iii) Determine whether it is and equivalence relation or poset?
c) In following, define the composite function g ◦ f :

d) Let S denote the set of four – digit numbers made from the digits 0, 2, 3, 5 and
6, where the first digit cannot be 0.
i) How many numbers are there in S?
ii) How many numbers in S have no repeated digit?

GROUP 8

8) a) List the elements of each of the following sets, using the ‘...’ notation
where necessary:
i)
ii)
iii) Determine the cardinality of the set

b) For each of the following relations R on a set A, draw:

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 List all the ordered pairs, its directed graph, and its binary matrix.

(i) A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}; a R b if and only if a < b.

(ii) A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}; a R b if and only if a = b.
(iii) A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}; a R b if and only if .
(iv) A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}; a R b if and only if .
c) Each of the following is the graph of a function A → B (where A
and B are subsets of R). Determine whether or not each function is:
(a) injective; (b) surjective.

d) Let S denote the set of four – digit numbers made from the digits 0, 2, 3, 5 and
6, where the first digit cannot be 0.
i) How many of those in question 8 d) ii) are even?
ii) How many of those in question 8 d) ii) are greater than 4,000?

GROUP 9
9) a) List the elements of each of the following sets, using the ‘...’ notation
where necessary:
i)
ii)
iii) Determine the cardinality of the set
b) For each of the following relations R on a set A, draw:
List all the ordered pairs, its directed graph, and its binary matrix.
(i) A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}; a R b if and only if a = 2b.
(ii) A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}; a R b if an only if a = 2nb for some
(iii) A = P{1, 2, 3}, the power set of {1, 2, 3}; a R b if and only if a ⊆ b.
(iv) A = P{1, 2, 3}, the power set of {1, 2, 3}; a R b if and only if a ⊂ b.
c) Each of the following is the graph of a function A → B (where A
and B are subsets of R). Determine whether or not each function is:
(a) injective; (b) surjective.

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 d) In how many ways can first, second and third prize in a flower – arranging
competition be given to 17 contestants.

GROUP 10

10)
a) Let A and B be the multi-sets and . Find
(i)
(ii)
(iii) Determine the cardinality of sets A and B.
b) A relation R on the set A = {a, b, c, d, e} has the directed graph shown
in the diagram below.

(i) List the elements of R.

(ii) Write down the binary matrix of R
(iii) Determine whether it is and equivalence relation or poset?

c) In following, define the composite function g ◦ f :

GROUP 11
11)
a) Show how bitwise operations on bit strings can be used to find these
combinations of , ,
and
(i)

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 (ii)
(iii) Determine the cardinality of sets C and D
b)
c) In following, define the composite function g ◦ f :

GROUP 12
12)
a) List the elements of each of the following sets, using the ‘...’ notation
where necessary:
i)
ii)
iii) Determine the cardinality of the set

b) For each of the following relations R on the (ordered) set

A = {a, b, c, d, e}, whose binary matrix is given, list the elements of R and
draw its directed graph:

(i) (ii) (iii)

What is the connection between the relations in parts (i) and (ii)?

c) In following, define the composite function g ◦ f :

GROUP 13
13)
a) List the elements of each of the following sets, using the ‘...’ notation
where necessary:
i)
ii)
iii) Determine the cardinality of the set
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 b) In following, define the composite function g ◦ f :

c) Let A = {humans, living or dead} and let f and g be the functions

A → A defined by f (x) = the father of x and g(x) = the mother of
x, respectively.
Describe the composite functions f ◦ f , f ◦ g, g ◦ f and g ◦ g.
d) How many four-digit numbers less than 6,000 can be made using only odd
digits?

GROUP 14
14)
a) List the elements of each of the following sets, using the ‘...’ notation
where necessary:
i)
ii)
iii) Determine the cardinality of the set

b) For each of the following relations R on a set A, draw:

List all the ordered pairs, its directed graph, and its binary matrix.

(i) A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}; a R b if and only if a < b.

(ii) A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}; a R b if and only if a = b.
(iii) A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}; a R b if and only if .
(iv) A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}; a R b if and only if .
c) Each of the following is the graph of a function A → B (where A
and B are subsets of R). Determine whether or not each function is:

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 (a) injective; (b) surjective.

d) Let S denote the set of four – digit numbers made from the digits 0, 2, 3, 5 and
6, where the first digit cannot be 0.

i) How many of those in question 8 d) ii) are even?

ii) How many of those in question 8 d) ii) are greater than 4,000?