STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE INTEGUMENTERY

SYSTEM

Arranged By Group 4 :
1. Lukmanul Hakim
2. Erinda

POLTEKKES KEMENKES PONTIANAK

NURSING MAJOR IN SINGKAWANG INTERNATIONAL
CLASS
 FOREWORD
We express our deep gratitude to the presence of the most gracious
God because thanks to his mercy, we can complete the structure and
function of the integument system as expected.
We realize that the process of writing this paper is far from perfect
both the material and the way it is written. Nevertheless, we have made
every effort with all our ability and knowledge so that it can be
completed properly and therefore, we, we humbly and openly accept
input, suggestions and proposals for the future improvement of this
paper.
We also realize that in making this paper, it cannot be separated
from the help of various parties. For this reason, on this occasion we
express our deepest respect and gratitude to all parties who assisted in
the creation of this paper.
 Table of Contents

FOREWORD..............................................................................................................................................i
Table of Contents......................................................................................................................................ii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................ii
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE PROBLEM............................................................................................ii
1.2 FORMULATION OF PROBLEMS 1) Skin structure 2) Tissue Function 3) Skin Function In Fluid
Balance Regulation................................................................................................................................iii
1.3 PURPOSE........................................................................................................................................iii
CHAPTER II..............................................................................................................................................iv
DISCUSSION............................................................................................................................................iv
2.1 UNDERSTANDING THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM............................................................iv
2.2 UNDERSTANDING THE STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN................................................................v
2.3 TISSUE UNCTIONS.......................................................................................................................vi
2.4 SKIN FUNCTION IN FLUID BALANCE REGULATION...........................................................vii
2.5 SKIN FUNCTION IN TEMPERATURE BALANCE REGULATION..........................................vii
CHAPTER III..........................................................................................................................................viii
COVER....................................................................................................................................................viii
3.1 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................viii
 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE PROBLEM

The integumentary system is a system of organs that distinguish,

separate, protect and inform the animal to the surrounding environment.
This system is often the lion's share of organ systems that include skin,
hair, fur, scales, nails, sweat glands and their products (sweat or mucus).
the word comes from the Latin "integumentum", which means "cover".
Scientifically, the skin is the outermost layer that is outside the tissues
outside that cover and protect the surface of the body, the skin is the
organ with the most surface area that wraps the entire outer part of the
body as a result of which the skin as body protection against chemical
hazards. Sunlight contains ultra violet rays and protects against
microorganisms and maintains the balance of the body. Psychic pressure

can also cause abnormalities or changes in the skin because stress, fear,
and a state of anger will result in changes in the skin of the face.
1.2 FORMULATION OF PROBLEMS
1) Skin structure
2) Tissue Function
3) Skin Function In Fluid Balance Regulation
4) Skin Function in Temperature Balance Regulation

1.3 PURPOSE
1) To Know the Structure of the Skin
2) To know the function of tissues
3) to know the function of the skin in the regulation of fluid balance
4) to know the function of the skin in the regulation of temperature
balance
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
2.1 UNDERSTANDING THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
a) Understanding the Integumentary System
Integument comes from the word "integumentum" which means cover.
The integumentary system leads to the structure of the skin and its
accessories and is the largest organ system on the human body. The
accessories in question are nails, hair and glands. In accordance with
their function, the organs of the integumentary system function to close
the internal organs or tissues of the human being from external contact.

b) Integumentary System Functions

1. Protector from dryness, invasion of microorganisms, ultraviolet
rays, and mechanical, chemical, or temperature.
2. Reception of sensation, touch, pressure, pain and temperature.
3. Temperature control, lower heat loss when the temperature is
coldand increase heat loss when the temperature is hot.
4. The metabolic function of storing energy through fat reserves,
synthetic vitamin D.
5. Excretion and absorption

2.2 UNDERSTANDING THE STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN

The skin is the outermost layer on the human body. The skin is divided
into three layers called the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous.
 These three layers are well defined, but together, an effectively
functioning skin is created. The epidermis is the outermost part of the
skin, layers of cells of different thickness depending on their location on
the body.

1. The Epidermal Tissue Layer is one of the outermost layers of the

skin. Its functions vary, ranging from protecting the body from
germs and harmful substances, determining skin color, to
producing certain cells that play an important role in body health.

2. The Dermis Tissue Layer is the middle layer located between the
epidermis and the subcutaneous tissue. This layer of skin contains
connective tissue, blood capillaries, oil and sweat glands, nerve
endings, as well as hair follicles.
3. The Subcutaneous Tissue Layer is the deepest layer of the skin.
Subcutaneous tissue also provides the skin with nerves and blood
supply. Subcutaneous contains mostly fat, connective tissue, and
elastin, which are elastic proteins that help tissues return to their
normal shape after stretching.

2.3 TISSUE UNCTIONS

Tissues are intermediates between cells and organ systems. Organs are
then created by combining functional groups of tissues. Tissues that
work synchronously to carry out a certain set of functions form organs.
The function of the tissues in the skin is to protect the body from germs
and harmful substances, determine skin color, to producing certain cells
that play an important role in the health of the body.

2.4 SKIN FUNCTION IN FLUID BALANCE REGULATION

The function of the skin can also control the discharge of body fluids by
preventing the evaporation of water. The function of the skin is also as a
tool to circulate oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. Body fluids
are also important to maintain in order to maintain the body's metabolic
performance so that it continues to run well. In addition, body fluids are
not only composed of plain water but also contain ions that have an
important role in maintaining the balance of body fluids.
 These ions can be lost with body fluids and must be replaced
immediately. If these ions are not immediately replaced, symptoms may
occur that are not good for the health of the body. Therefore, the body
needs complete fluid intake with balanced electrolyte ion content and
can be absorbed faster. Compared to ordinary drinking water, this
rapidly absorbed intake of body fluids can be obtained from isotonic
drinks.

2.5 SKIN FUNCTION IN TEMPERATURE BALANCE

REGULATION
The skin as a heat-regulating organ. A person's body temperature is
fixed, despite changes in ambient temperature. It is maintained due to
the alignment between the lost heat and the heat generated, which is
regulated by the heat regulating center. The center immediately notices
when there is a change in body heat, due to the temperature of the blood
flowing through the medulla oblongata. The normal (inner) temperature
of the body, that is, the temperature of the viscera and brain is 36-37C.
The temperature of the skin is slightly lower. The skin will continue to
maintain that body temperature is not affected by environmental
temperature, meaning that it is still sought to keep the body temperature
unchanged even though there is a change in ambient temperature. This
process is carried out by balancing between the production and the
absorption of body heat by the skin.
 CHAPTER III
COVER
3.1 CONCLUSION
a) The integumentary system is a system of organs that distinguish,
separate, protect and inform animals of the surrounding environment.
Scientifically, the skin is the outermost layer that is outside the tissues
outside that cover and protect the surface of the body, the skin is the
organ with the most surface area that wraps the entire outer part of the
body as a result of which the skin as body protection against chemical
hazards.

b) The skin is divided into three layers called the epidermis, dermis, and
subcutaneous.
1. The Epidermal Tissue Layer is one of the outermost layers of the
skin.
2. The Dermis Tissue Layer is the middle layer located between the
epidermis and the subcutaneous tissue.
3. The Subcutaneous Tissue Layer is the deepest layer of the skin.
Subcutaneous tissue also provides the skin with nerves and blood
supply.

c) The function of the tissues in the skin is to protect the body from
germs and harmful substances, determine skin color, to produce certain
cells that play an important role in the health of the body.
d) Skin function can also control the discharge of body fluids by
preventing evaporation of water. The function of the skin is also as a
tool to circulate oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. Body fluids
are also important to maintain in order to maintain the body's metabolic
performance so that it continues to run well.
e) The skin as a heat-regulating organ. A person's body temperature is
fixed, despite changes in ambient temperature. It is maintained due to
the alignment between the lost heat and the heat generated, which is
regulated by the heat regulating center.