Performance of Barangay Police Security Officer (BPSO) or

Tanod in Maintaining Peace and Order in selected Barangays

in the Municipality of Buguey

A Research presented to

The Faculty of the School of Criminology

By:

Unday, Ryan Rodsel V.

Flores, Reymart F.
Flores, Nikko R.
Lopez, Philip C.
Hipol, Jezreel Dion T.
2022
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Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

In this chapter, the researchers provided information

and background regarding in their study.

Introduction

Enforcing the law and maintaining peace and order is

the foundation of a nation's stable economic development and

state affairs. In order to do such task, men are trained by

different agencies sanctioned by the government. Maintaining

peace and order is a nation's responsibility and it should

start from the basic political unit of the country, the

Barangay. Barangay Police Security Officer (BPSO),

otherwise commonly known as "Barangay Tanods", is the term

used to describe personnel, civilian volunteers, authorized

by the barangay officials, to maintain peace and order

within the barangay.

As the basic political unit, the creation of the

Barangay Police Security Officers/ BPSOs, otherwise commonly

known as “Barangay Tanods,”security are sustained as the key

factor in Barangay's growth. Provided in the DILG's trainers

guidebook, the barangay tanod's duties and responsibilities

include: assisting barangay officials in crime prevention

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and promoting public safety through patrolling/"ronda",

providing security on mass gathering events such as

funeral(Burol), Wedding(pasayaw) or any events of the

like.Reporting to the offices concerned of any disruptions

or unjust events, tracking the presence and actions of

criminals and illegal elements; assisting police and

“lupongtagapamayapa” in the execution of warrants and other

judicial proceedings; and assisting barangay officials in

the enforcement of national and local laws; and other means

deemed appropriate in the prevention of crime.

Appointment is made by the authority of Sangguniang

Barangay and in pursuant of the Local Government code of the

Philippines. Every Barangay should have a maximum of twenty

(20) barangay tanods or BPSO (Barangay Police Security

Officer) but not limited as long the necessity requires,

subject to the barangay’s budget limit. According to the

Local Government Code of 1991, barangay officials must be

paid an honorarium of not less than P1,000 per month for the

Punong Barangay and P600 per month for the members of the

Sangguniang Barangay, the Barangay Treasurer, and the

Barangay Secretary.

But such compensation vary in every barangay as well

the budget of the office of the Barangay. In some cases,

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they are only compensated through offering of cup of coffee

or food.

A nightstick (arnis), with teargas with belt and

holster, cuffs with holster, whistle, flashlight, raincoat,

rain boots, tiny notebooks and ballpens, and first-aid kits

are among the items that barangay tanods may employ,

according to DILG Memorandum Circular (MC) No. 2003-42. In

some barangay, Barangay Tanods are using motorcycle with

sidecar for their patrolling. These are all necessary tools

and equipment that every Barangay police security officer or

Barangay Tanod must have but again not every barangay has

the capability to provide all of these.

Driven by these insights the researchers found it

interesting to assess the overall performance of the

Barangay Police Security Officer or Tanod in maintaining

peace and order as an avenue for access of security in the

local setting.

In every work, at any place, or any profession, quality

performance is a must to ensure the credibility of the work

being done. Performance evaluation is needed in order to

keep track of the changes to see if the quality of work is

being maintained or not.

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The researchers will conduct this study to 10 selected

barangays of Buguey, Cagayan and to explore the performance

of duties and responsibilities of barangay police security

officers in maintaining the peace and order.

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Conceptual Framework

This study is being anchored to evaluate the quality of

performance of Barangay Police Security Officers (BPSO) in

every selected Barangays in Buguey, Cagayan.

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INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. Profile of 1.Assessing of Assessed the
the respondents personal profile overall
in terms of: variable of the performance of the
respondents in Barangay Security
1.1 Age terms of: Officers (BPSO) in
1.2 Gender 1.1 Age maintaining peace
1.3 Residency and order based on
1.2 Gender the Memorandum
1.4 Civil Status 1.3 Residency Circular 2003-42.
1.4 Civil Status
2. Performance
Solution to be
of BPSOs
(Barangay police proposed in
2. Assessing
Security levelling up the
theperformance of
Officers) based performance of the
BPSO based on the
on the BPSO in
Memorandum
Memorandum maintaining peace
Circular 2003-42
Circular 2003-42 and order in their
in terms of:
in terms of: respective AOR in
2.1 Assistance of the Municipality
2.1 Assistance
BPSO on Barangay of Buguey.
of BPSO on
Officials
Barangay
Officials 2.2 Daily BPSO
security Routine
2.2 Daily BPSO
security Routine 2.3 Disaster
Response and
2.3 Disaster
Report Making
Response and
Report Making 2.4 Monitoring of
Surroundings
2.4 Monitoring
of Surroundings

Feedback

Figure 1: Paradigm of the study showing the Relationship of

the variables
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Statement of the problem

The researchers wants to conduct this study to find out

how the BPSO’s of the selected barangay’s of Buguey are

performing their sole duties and responsibilities based on

the Memorandum Circular 2003 – 42.

Specifically, it sought answers for the following

questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 Residency

1.4 Civil Status

2. What are the level of Performance of BPSOs (Barangay

police Security Officers) based on the Memorandum
Circular 2003-42 in terms of:

2.1 Assistance of BPSO on Barangay Officials

2.2 Daily BPSO Security Routine

2.3 Disaster Response and Report Making

2.4 Monitoring of Surroundings

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3. What measures can be proposed to level up the

performance of the BPSO in maintaining peace and order?

Hypothesis

There is difference in performance of Barangay Police

Security Officers with their locale and area of

responsibility.

Scope and Delimitations

This study will focus on the overall performance of the

Barangay Police Security Officer or Tanod in the

implementation and maintaining peace and order in the

community based on the Memorandum Circular 2003-42, duties

and responsibilities of Barangay Police Security Officer.

This study will be conducted in the selected barangays of

the municipality of Buguey, Cagayan. The selection of

respondents is the residents of their jurisdictions as well

as the Barangay officials.

This researchers limits this study in the selected 10

barangays of the municipality of Buguey, Cagayan and it’s

constituents and barangay official designated in those

Barangays. The study does not include the constituent’s and

barangay official’s personal perception to BPSO that is not

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in accordance with the enumerated duties and

responsibilities of BPSO in Memorandum Circular 2003-42. It

will only focus on evaluating the performance of BPSO as per

the said memorandum suggests.

Significance of the Study

This study will be undertaken to find out the

performance level of the barangay police security officer in

selected barangays in the municipality of Buguey and to know

if the enumerated duties and responsibilities of the BPSO is

being implemented properly. Benefiting the study are the

various sectors as follows: The Community, the direct

recipients of the output of this study is the community. Any

improvement to the level of performance of the BPSO will

pave the way in living in peace and order. The BPSO The

research benefits the members of BPSO. As the BPSO members

maintain the level needed for maintaining peace and order,

there is an assurance that the members will boost their

level more for the better and safely implementation of peace

and order. The Researchers, the research benefits future

researchers. This research will serve as a guide and a

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reliable source for a future research study that have a

connection or the same with the research topic.

Definition of terms:

1. Barangay Police Security officer(BPSO) or Barangay

Tanod - is the subject actor of this study and the one

being evaluated.

2. Barangay –is the locale where the study will be

focused on. The researchers included 10 barangays in

the Municipality of Buguey, Cagayan.

3. Memorandum Circular 2003-42 – is the memorandum where

the researchers based upon to evaluate the Barangay

Police Security Officer’s performance.

4. Performance – it is the subject matter of the

researchers. The researchers will evaluate the

Barangay Police Security Officer (BPSO) performance

based on Memorandum Circular 2003-42

5. Ronda/Beat Patrol – it is an activity of BPSO wherein

they roam around the Barangay to monitor potential

unusual activity. In this study, the researcher’s

included this as their evaluating factor of

performance.
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Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter discusses the relevant literature and

studies that the researchers looked at while determining the

significance of the current study. It also includes a

summary of the art in order to fully comprehend the research

and gain a better understanding of the study.

Local Related Literature and Studies

Related Literature

The barangay tanod is a registered group of

Barangay residents who serve in the barangay by providing

free services to prevent crime, maintain safety, calmness

and order. The said code sprouts from the provision of

paragraph, Article II, Section 4 ng Saligang Batas "The main

task of the Government is to serve and protect the people."

(Barangay Police Officers. (2020, Jun 01).

Officers of the Barangay Police Security Forceare

members of the Philippine National Police's auxiliary force.

Assumed to be a force multiplier, despite the fact that a

barangay police or "tanod" is a non-profit organization that

operates on a volunteer basis. They put their life on the

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line to protect the safety of the people in the area

theirrespective barangays (Benitez, 2013).

By virtue of the Local Government Code of the

Philippines Book III, title one, chapter one, section 389,

the creation of Barangay Tanods by the power vested upon the

Punong Barangay (Department of Interior and Local

Government, MC2003-42, March 10,2003)

In the field of security management,

performance management practice plays a massive role

in ensuring the success of the security personnel not

only professionally but also contributes to their

overall well-being. Frequent practice of sound performance

management creates a culture of excellence for the security

agency and sets it apart from its competitors. This

guarantees a progressive mindset of individuals in the

workplace. It is the reality of the security agency

to recognize security personnel who do better than their

peers (Amistoso, et al,2019, Performance Management of a

Security Agency in the Philippines)

Local Studies
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Barangay Police Security Officers/ BPSOs,otherwise

commonly known as “Barangay Tanods”, security are sustained

as the key factor in Barangay's growth. Provided in the

DILG's trainers guidebook, thebarangay tanod's duties and

responsibilities include: assisting barangay officials in

crime prevention and promoting public safety through

patrolling/"ronda", reporting to the offices concerned of

any disruptions or unjust events, tracking the presence and

actions of criminals and illegal elements; assisting police

and “lupongtagapamayapa” in the execution of warrants and

other judicial proceedings; and assisting barangay officials

in the enforcement of national and local laws; and other

means deemed appropriate in the prevention of crime.

(Austria-Cruz, Performance of Barangay Police Security

Officer(BPSO) or Tanod in Maintaining Peace and Order, 2020)

The connection with the community and the police

is exercised as a weapon system by itself in the movements

against crime. Supposedly, the police cannot manage today's

crime problem alone. No matter how well systematic, it

cannot perform effectively in its fight upon criminality

without the community's active cooperation through the

creation of the Barangay peacekeeping action team. The law

enforcement efforts are secure on the fact that police

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officers are not universal to all places. The rate of the

residence and the police claim a support system, like the

activation and organization of BPATS. The Philippine

National Police (PNP) recognizes the task of Barangay

Tanods, Bantay Bayan, CVOs, Barangay Auxiliaries, NGOs and

people's organizationsas Force Multipliers to the battle

against criminality, insurgency and terrorism. These

organizations are also precious in a partnership of

government in community development (Philippine National

Police, 2018).

Synthesis

All of the contents above are related literature

and studies revolving around what is Barangay Tanod, their

functions, Origin, and evaluation of performance of security

officers. Some of the studies focus on security management

while others are focused on the definition and functions of

Barangay Tanods.
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CHAPTER 3

METHODS AND PROCEDURES

This chapter presents the methods and procedures

that the researchers used to conduct this study, as well as

the design, respondents of the study, data gathering tools,

procedures, and statistical tools.

Research design

This study used descriptive survey method used to

assess the performance of the barangay police security

officers in maintaining peace and order in the selected

barangays of Buguey, Cagayan. Descriptive research is a

purposive process of data gathering, analyzing, classifying

and tabulating data about prevailing conditions, practices;

beliefs, processes trends, and cause-effect relationships

and then adequate and accurate interpretation about such

data with or without aid of statistical treatment

Respondents of the study

The respondents of this study are residents and

Brgy.Officials of the selected barangays in the Municipality

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of Buguey. Random sampling is used to select randomly

samples from the different sectors of the population.

Data gathering tool

The instrument used was patterned to the questionnaires of a

research entitled “Performance of Barangay Police Security

Officer (BPSO) or Tanod in Maintaining Peace and Order (Mary

Chris Austria-Cruz). Those questionnaires were drawn by

carefully based on the readings, related literature and

related studies that are relevant to the study. In the

preparation of the instrument, the requirements in the

designing of good data collection are considered. For

instance, statement describing the situations or issues

pertaining was toned down to accommodate the knowledge

preparedness of the respondents. Open-ended options were

provided to accommodate to free formatted views related to

the topics or issues. In addition the instrument used is

validated by a consultant.

Data gathering procedure

A letter of request to conduct the study was prepared. The

researcher constructed a questionnaire checklist, validated

by the professor of the subject then the questionnaire

checklists are distributed. The researcher conducts the

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research in selected Barangays of Buguey, Cagayan through

survey, because of the advantages of the survey method. The

researcher explains to the respondents the importance of

their response to the study. The researcher clarifies some

terms to the respondents so that the respondents can answer

the questionnaire with full knowledge of their

responsibility as the subject of the study. The researcher

requested the respondents to answer with all honesty. The

researcher uses a random sampling, the sampling units are

selected randomly by the researcher. In this study since the

researcher goal is to determine the Performance of the

Barangay Police Security Officer in selected barangays of

Buguey is maintained, the researcher believes that this

method is the most appropriate in choosing the sample for

the research. After the respondents answered the

questionnaire, the researcher collected and tallied the data

for interpretation. The researcher asks a statistician to

help in determining the appropriate statistical tools to be

used and in interpreting the data. Based on the data the

researcher comes up with conclusion and recommendations for

this study.

Statistical tools
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To analyze and interpret the data gathered, the researchers

will used the frequency a percentage test. This will help

the researchers to analyze the performance of the BPSO if

they are really doing their duties and responsibilities in

their AOR.