Tradoc 151348

DG Trade
Statistical Guide
August 2021
Trade
DG Trade
Statistical Guide
August 2021
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Introduction
This Trade Statistical Guide contains selected tables and graphs outlining the current state of and recent developments in the European Union’s
(EU’s) foreign trade, i.e. its trade with the rest of the world. It has been compiled for the benefit of the Directorate-General for Trade’s (DG Trade’s)
policymakers.
Statistics on trade in goods, trade in services and foreign direct investment are key elements in any description of the trade performance of the
EU with the rest of the world. These are published by the statistical office of the EU (Eurostat) and by international organisations such as the
World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the United Nations (UN) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). The most recently available
statistics have been included but databases are updated daily and small discrepancies are inevitable. The statistics are presented in the form of
tables and charts, broken down by main trading partner, product category and year. Supportive statistics such as gross domestic product (GDP),
exchange rates and trade by Member State have also been added.
In this guide, the EU is defined as the current EU of 27 Member States.
Further information about this booklet, its contents and the methodology used can be obtained from DG Trade’s Statistics desk
(trade-statistics@ec.europa.eu).
Brussels, August 2021

Table of Contents
Glossary � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 8
SECTION 1 - WORLD TRADE � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 12

Global exports of goods (billion EUR, %) �� 13
Global imports of goods (billion EUR, %) �� 14
Global exports of services (billion EUR, %) �� 15
Global imports of services (billion EUR, %) �� 16
Global exports of goods and services (billion EUR, %) �� 17
Global imports of goods and services (billion EUR, %) �� 18
Global trade in goods (billion EUR, %) �� 19
Global trade in services (billion EUR, %) �� 20
Global trade in goods and services (billion EUR, %) �� 21
Share in world trade in goods and services in selected countries (%) �� 22
Global external trade balances (billion EUR) �� 23
Trade in goods and services in selected countries (% of GDP) �� 24
Global trade in goods 2020 - Main trade partner by reporter �� 25
SECTION 2 - FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) AND FOREIGN AFFILIATES STATISTICS (FATS) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 26
Global FDI inward and outward stocks (billion EUR) �� 27
Global FDI inflows and outflows (billion EUR)�� 28
Inward FATS - Foreign enterprises in the EU by controlling country (2018)�� 29
Inward FATS - Persons employed in the EU by controlling country (2018)�� 30
Outward FATS - Foreign affiliates of EU enterprises by partner country (2018)�� 31
Outward FATS - Persons employed in foreign affiliates of EU enterprises by partner country (2018)�� 32
EU FDI by leading partners, 2019 (billion EUR)�� 33
SECTION 3 - EU TRADE � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 34

EU exports of goods to extra-EU by sector (billion EUR) �� 35
EU imports of goods from extra-EU by sector (billion EUR) �� 36
EU exports of goods to extra-EU by sector, 2020 shares (%) �� 37
EU imports of goods from extra-EU by sector, 2020 shares (%) �� 38
EU trade in goods with extra-EU by sector, 2020 (billion EUR, %) �� 39
EU trade in goods by partner, 2020 (billion EUR, %) �� 40
EU exports of services to extra-EU by type (billion EUR) �� 41
EU imports of services from extra-EU by type (billion EUR) �� 42
EU exports of services to extra-EU by type, 2020 shares (%) �� 43
EU imports of services from extra-EU by type, 2020 shares (%) �� 44
EU trade in services with extra-EU by sector, 2020 (billion EUR, %) �� 45
EU trade in services by partner, 2019 (billion EUR, %) �� 46
EU trade in goods by FTA partner, 2020 (billion EUR, %) �� 47
Preference utilisation rates (%) �� 49
SECTION 4 - TRADE BY MEMBER STATE � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 50

EU trade in goods with extra-EU by Member State (billion EUR) �� 51
EU trade in services with extra-EU by Member State (billion EUR) �� 52
Intra-EU trade in goods by Member State, 2020 (%) �� 53
EU trade with world, extra-EU and intra-EU by Member State, 2020 (billion EUR, %) �� 54
EU enterprises exporting to extra-EU by Member State, 2019 (number, export value, share in total) �� 55
SECTION 5 - SPECIAL TOPICS � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 56

COVID-19 : impact on EU merchandise trade �� 57
Brexit: EU27 Merchandise trade in the first 4 months of 2021 compared to the same period in previous years �� 58
Brexit: Monthly EU merchandise trade with UK and other Extra-EU partners (billion €, month on month growth) �� 58
Brexit: EU27 Merchandise trade in the first 4 months of 2021 by partner and by SITC sector compared to the same period in previous years �� 59
SECTION 6 - SUPPORT STATISTICS � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 60

GDP (current price, billion EUR) �� 61
GDP by Member State (current price, billion EUR) �� 62
Share in world GDP (PPP, %) �� 63
Share in world GDP of selected countries (PPP, %) �� 64
GDP per capita (PPP) �� 65
Euro exchange rates with main national currencies (units of national currency per euro) �� 66
Note on data presentation:

Footnotes are provided under each table and figure to provide information on data sources and information on particular values or series.
The list of countries presented in the World Trade section covers the top 20 world traders in terms of 2020 total trade value (exports plus imports, goods plus services). The same
subset of countries is used for global FDI data (Section 2) and for support statistics (Section 6).
GLOSSARY
8
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS (BOP) FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI)
The BoP is a statistical statement that systematically summarises, over a given period of time, all the FDI is the category of international investment made by an entity resident in one economy (direct
transactions of an economy with the rest of the world. The BoP records all economic transactions investor) to acquire a lasting interest in an enterprise operating in another economy (direct
undertaken between residents and non-residents of a country during a given period. investment enterprise). The lasting interest is deemed to exist if the direct investor acquires
at least 10 % of the voting power of the direct investment enterprise.
The BoP is broken down into three broad sub-balances.
Two main indicators are used:
■
Current account 1) FDI flows denote the new investment made during the period;
This shows the flow of goods, services, income and current transfers between resident and 2) FDI stocks (or positions) denote the value of the investment at the end of the
period.
non-resident units.
For both of these, FDI statistics record separately:
■
Capital account 1) the inward FDI (or FDI in the reporting economy), namely investment by
foreigners in enterprises resident in the reporting economy;
This covers all transactions involving:
2) the outward FDI (or FDI abroad), namely investment by resident entities in
(a) the receipt or payment of capital transfers (debt forgiveness, migrant’s transfers, affiliated enterprises abroad.
transfers of ownership of fixed assets, transfers linked to, or conditional on, the
acquisition or disposal of fixed assets, etc.);
(b) the acquisition/disposal of non-produced, non-financial assets, which includes
transactions associated with tangible assets (e.g. land and subsoil assets) Following BPM6 Eurostat publishes data on FDI held by SPEs for selected partners and for the
and transactions associated with intangible assets (e.g. patents, copyrights,
trademarks, franchises, etc.). extra-EU and offshore financial centres aggregates. SPEs are mainly financial holding companies,
foreign-owned, and principally engaged in cross-border financial transactions, with no or negligible
■ Financial account local activity in the Member State of residence.
This covers all transactions associated with changes of ownership in the foreign financial
assets and liabilities of an economy. SPECIAL PURPOSE ENTITY (SPE)
A special-purpose entity (SPE) is a legal entity (an enterprise or sometimes a limited partnership
The methodological framework followed in the compilation of the Balance of Payments and or joint venture) formally registered with a national authority and subject to the fiscal and other
International Investment Position is defined in the sixth edition of the International Monetary legal obligations of the economy in which it is resident, established to perform specific functions
Fund Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6), published in limited in scope or time, with one or a few primary creditors, having no or few non-financial assets
2009. The fifth edition of the Balance of Payments Manual (BPM5), published in 1993, was the and employees, little or no production or operations and sometimes no physical presence beyond
reference for data produced by the EU Member States, EFTA and EU candidate countries until 2014. a “brass plate” confirming its place of registration. The SPE is related to another corporation,
often as a subsidiary and often resident in a territory other than the territory of residence of the
SERVICES related corporation (lacking any physical dimension, the residence of a SPE is determined by the
Services are one of the categories of the current account. The main breakdown of services economic territory under whose laws it is incorporated or registered). Its core business function
includes twelve categories. Two new categories were introduced with the change from BPM5 to consists of financing its group activities or holding assets and liabilities of its group, that is the
BPM6 (“Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others” and “Maintenance and repair channelling of funds from non-residents to other non-residents, and with only a minor role for
services”), while previous categories were in most cases redefined according to new definitions managing and directing activities (source: Eurostat).
and calculation methods.
9 Trade Statistical Guide - August 2021

OFFSHORE FINANCIAL CENTRE (OFC) quantity of an individual good or service, as one unit of country A’s currency will purchase in country A.
An offshore financial centre (OFC) is “a country or jurisdiction that provides financial services to PPPs are therefore the rates of currency conversion that equalise the purchasing power of different
non-residents on a scale that is incommensurate with the size and the financing of its domestic currencies by eliminating the differences in price levels between countries.
economy” (IMF definition). The aggregate defined by Eurostat includes 40 countries. As examples,
it contains European financial centres, such as Liechtenstein, Guernsey, Jersey, the Isle of Man, TRADE IN GOODS: CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS
the Faroe Islands, Andorra and Gibraltar; Central American OFC such as Panama and Caribbean
islands like Bermuda, the Bahamas, the Cayman Islands and the Virgin Islands; and Asian OFC ■ Harmonized System (HS)
such as Bahrain, Hong Kong, Singapore and the Philippines. The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, more briefly known as the
HS, is a multipurpose international product nomenclature developed by the World Customs
FOREIGN AFFILIATES STATISTICS (FATS) Organization (WCO). The HS is organised into 21 sections and 96 chapters. It comprises
FATS measure the commercial presence through affiliates in foreign markets. Inward FATS describe around 5 000 commodity groups, each identified by a 6-digit code.
the overall activity of foreign affiliates resident in the compiling economy. Outward FATS describes
the activities of foreign affiliates abroad controlled by residents of the compiling country. ■ Standard International Trade Classification (SITC)
The SITC is a product classification of the UN used for external trade statistics (export and
A foreign affiliate in inward FATS is an enterprise resident in the compiling country over which import values and volumes of goods). It is designed to provide the commodity aggregates
an institutional unit not resident in the compiling country has control. A foreign affiliate in for purposes of economic analysis and to facilitate international comparisons of trade-by-
outward FATS is instead an enterprise or branch not resident in the compiling country over which commodity data. It is divided into 10 basic sections.
an institutional unit resident in the compiling country has direct or indirect control. Control is
the ability to determine the general policy of the affiliate by appointing appropriate managers, if ■ AMA/NAMA
necessary. Most of the time, control is determined by taking into account the share of ownership, AMA refers to all the products included in the WTO Uruguay Round Agreement on
although other criteria might be relevant and used. Agriculture. NAMA refers to all products not covered by this agreement i.e. manufacturing
products, fuels and mining products, fish and fish products, and forestry products.
INTERNATIONAL TRADE STATISTICS BY ENTERPRISE
CHARACTERISTICS (TEC) TRADE IN GOODS: STATISTICAL REGIME
TEC statistics describe various aspects of the structure of international trade from the viewpoint Merchandise trade statistics included in this booklet are based on the general trade system (also
of the characteristics of the trading enterprises such as size of the enterprise and sector of main known as ‘Statistical regime 4’ or ‘Total trade’). In this system, the recorded aggregates include
activity. TEC is compiled by linking micro data on international trade in goods with business registers. all goods entering or leaving the economic territory of a country with the exception of simple
TEC data are used amongst others to determine the share of Small and Medium sized Enterprises transit trade. In particular, all goods received into customs warehouses are recorded as imports,
(SME) in international trade. SMEs are defined as enterprises with less than 250 persons employed. regardless of whether they subsequently go into free circulation in the Member State of receipt.
Similarly, outgoing goods from customs warehouses are included in the general trade aggregates,
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) at the time they leave the Member State.
As an aggregate measure of production, the GDP of a country is equal to the sum of the gross
values added of all resident institutional units engaged in production (plus any taxes, and minus This general system is the result of three other regimes, presented below.
any subsidies, on products not included in the value of their outputs).
■ Normal trade:
PURCHASING POWER PARITY (PPP) goods are exported definitively, or imported and released into free circulation in the EU customs territory.
Purchasing power parity (PPP) is an indicator of price level differences across countries. It measures
the number of units of country B’s currency that are needed in country B to purchase the same ■ Trade under inward processing procedures:
GLOSSARY 10
goods are imported temporarily (with an exemption from duties, levies or other checks) so COMPOUND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE (CAGR)
that they can be further processed (assembled or transformed), and then all the resulting The CAGR is a measure of growth over multiple time periods. It is the rate at which the initial value
processed products are exported outside the EU. had to grow every year in the defined time period to obtain the final value.
■ Trade under outward processing procedures:

intermediate goods are temporarily exported for further processing in a non-EU country,
and the processed products are re-imported into the EU (with a full or partial exemption
from custom duties and levies).
TRADE IN GOODS: INTRA-EU AND EXTRA-EU TRADE FLOWS

Outward flows from a Member State to a non-member country (extra-EU) are called ‘exports’;
outward flows from one Member State to another (intra-EU) are called ‘dispatches’. Inward flows
into a Member State from a non-member country are called ‘imports’. Inward flows into a Member
State from another Member State are called ‘arrivals’.
For methodological reasons, international trade in goods statistics are accurate at EU level. At
Member State level inaccuracies can arise because of the “Rotterdam effect”: a Member State
receiving a good from a non-EU country is not necessarily the Member State of final destination
and a Member State sending a good to a non-EU country is not necessarily the Member State
of origin of the good.
When aggregating intra-EU and extra-EU trade, double counting may be introduced.
PREFERENCE UTILISATION RATE (PUR)

The PUR is defined as the ratio of preferential exports (or imports) to preference eligible exports
(or imports). The eligibility for preferences is determined by comparison of applied MFN tariff
and preferential tariff.
Comparability between PURs on EU imports from partner countries and PURs on EU exports (or
partner countries imports from EU) is limited. PURs on EU imports are based on data from Eurostat
available for all partner country markets while PURs on EU exports (DG Trade’s calculations) are
based on data obtained by EU Delegations from national customs administrations and on the Market
Access Database (MADB) tariffs. The submitted datasets vary in terms of detail, completeness
and quality and are by definition not harmonised. Some validation rules have been put in place
and applied to assess usability of the data.

WORLD TRADE
12
Global exports of goods (billion EUR, %)
World
Value in billion EUR Compound annual growth rate World ranking
share
10y 5y 1y
Reporter 2010 2015 2018 2019 2020 2020 2020
(2010-2020) (2015-2020) (2019-2020)
World 9 313.1 12 200.5 13 297.1 13 675.3 12 331.6 2.8% 0.2% -9.8% 100.0%
EU27 1 438.4 1 881.9 2 069.4 2 141.7 1 940.3 3.0% 0.6% -9.4% 15.7% 2
Australia 159.7 169.9 215.7 243.5 205.8 2.6% 3.9% -15.5% 1.7% 15
Brazil 152.3 172.3 205.2 198.5 185.0 2.0% 1.4% -6.8% 1.5% 18
Canada 292.3 368.1 379.1 398.5 341.6 1.6% -1.5% -14.3% 2.8% 9
China 1 190.6 2 055.5 2 118.0 2 231.8 2 274.6 6.7% 2.0% 1.9% 18.5% 1
Hong Kong 294.5 466.3 481.9 478.6 484.0 5.1% 0.7% 1.1% 3.9% 5
India 168.1 239.9 273.7 290.2 241.3 3.7% 0.1% -16.9% 2.0% 13
Japan 580.7 563.1 624.8 630.3 558.7 -0.4% -0.2% -11.4% 4.5% 4
Malaysia 149.9 180.2 209.5 212.7 204.8 3.2% 2.6% -3.7% 1.7% 16
Mexico 225.1 343.0 381.6 411.4 365.1 5.0% 1.3% -11.3% 3.0% 7
Russia 285.9 309.5 380.3 374.9 295.8 0.3% -0.9% -21.1% 2.4% 10
Singapore 265.8 316.8 349.7 349.0 227.8 -1.5% -6.4% -34.7% 1.9% 14
South Korea 351.8 474.8 512.9 484.7 448.8 2.5% -1.1% -7.4% 3.6% 6
Switzerland 147.5 261.2 262.4 280.3 274.9 6.4% 1.0% -1.9% 2.2% 11
Thailand 145.9 189.9 212.2 219.2 200.6 3.2% 1.1% -8.5% 1.6% 17
Turkey 85.9 136.1 150.0 161.5 148.5 5.6% 1.8% -8.1% 1.2% 21
United Arab Emirates 132.8 165.5 191.8 196.6 157.1 1.7% -1.0% -20.1% 1.3% 20
United Kingdom 313.5 414.2 412.0 419.8 346.2 1.0% -3.5% -17.5% 2.8% 8
USA 963.6 1 356.1 1 409.2 1 465.9 1 253.4 2.7% -1.6% -14.5% 10.2% 3
Vietnam 53.0 144.4 202.3 231.7 242.0 16.4% 10.9% 4.4% 2.0% 12
Coverage: excluding intra-EU trade.

Source: IMF DOTS.

Global imports of goods (billion EUR, %)
World
share
10y 5y 1y
Reporter 2010 2015 2018 2019 2020 2020 2020
(2010-2020) (2015-2020) (2019-2020)
World 9 567.0 12 444.4 13 583.6 13 947.2 12 595.7 2.8% 0.2% -9.7% 100.0%
EU27 1 470.8 1 649.3 1 914.1 1 943.4 1 716.3 1.6% 0.8% -11.7% 13.6% 3
Australia 154.4 191.9 204.0 202.7 194.4 2.3% 0.3% -4.1% 1.5% 16
Brazil 145.2 163.8 160.9 167.9 147.5 0.2% -2.1% -12.2% 1.2% 20
Canada 313.5 401.2 411.0 428.1 375.1 1.8% -1.3% -12.4% 3.0% 8
China 1 051.5 1 443.7 1 807.0 1 848.1 1 803.8 5.5% 4.6% -2.4% 14.3% 2
Hong Kong 327.0 504.3 531.2 517.0 502.4 4.4% -0.1% -2.8% 4.0% 6
India 264.6 353.5 431.0 428.7 322.2 2.0% -1.8% -24.8% 2.6% 10
Japan 523.5 584.0 633.6 643.9 552.6 0.5% -1.1% -14.2% 4.4% 4
Malaysia 124.3 158.6 184.5 183.0 166.6 3.0% 1.0% -8.9% 1.3% 19
Mexico 241.1 377.6 416.7 431.0 355.4 4.0% -1.2% -17.5% 2.8% 9
Russia 166.9 164.4 201.1 216.7 202.6 2.0% 4.3% -6.5% 1.6% 14
Singapore 234.5 267.7 314.0 320.9 209.0 -1.1% -4.8% -34.9% 1.7% 13
South Korea 320.7 393.4 452.8 449.1 409.4 2.5% 0.8% -8.8% 3.3% 7
Switzerland 133.0 226.7 233.3 246.9 254.1 6.7% 2.3% 2.9% 2.0% 11
Thailand 139.6 181.9 211.2 213.4 182.0 2.7% 0.0% -14.7% 1.5% 18
Turkey 140.0 192.5 195.7 187.9 192.2 3.2% 0.0% 2.3% 1.5% 17
United Kingdom 444.6 564.6 570.4 619.6 550.0 2.1% -0.5% -11.2% 4.4% 5
USA 1 484.6 2 020.4 2 153.0 2 231.7 2 045.7 3.3% 0.2% -8.3% 16.2% 1
Vietnam 62.9 157.8 195.9 222.4 226.8 13.7% 7.5% 2.0% 1.8% 12

Source: IMF DOTS.
WORLD TRADE 14
Global exports of services (billion EUR, %)
World
share
10y 5y 1y
Reporter 2010 2015 2018 2019 2020 2020 2020
(2010-2020) (2015-2020) (2019-2020)
World 2 489.8 3 766.0 4 228.8 4 559.7 3 538.0 3.6% -1.2% -22.4% 100.0%
EU27 591.5 845.2 987.6 1 055.2 867.4 3.9% 0.5% -17.8% 24.5% 1
Australia 39.1 49.5 58.8 63.4 42.5 0.8% -3.0% -33.0% 1.2% 14
Brazil 23.1 30.4 30.0 30.6 24.9 0.8% -3.9% -18.6% 0.7% 21
Canada 59.4 76.6 87.7 93.8 74.9 2.3% -0.5% -20.2% 2.1% 10
China 134.5 197.1 229.8 253.0 245.7 6.2% 4.5% -2.9% 6.9% 4
Hong Kong 60.8 94.1 95.8 91.1 55.8 -0.8% -9.9% -38.7% 1.6% 11
India 88.3 140.9 173.5 191.8 177.9 7.3% 4.8% -7.2% 5.0% 5
Japan 101.4 146.6 164.4 185.3 140.3 3.3% -0.9% -24.3% 4.0% 7
Malaysia 26.2 31.5 34.1 36.6 19.1 -3.1% -9.5% -47.7% 0.5% 22
Mexico 11.7 20.6 24.4 28.1 14.9 2.4% -6.4% -47.2% 0.4% 25
Russia 37.1 46.5 54.7 56.1 41.5 1.1% -2.2% -25.9% 1.2% 15
Singapore 75.7 138.1 175.1 194.0 164.2 8.0% 3.5% -15.4% 4.6% 6
South Korea 62.6 87.9 83.9 88.6 76.4 2.0% -2.8% -13.8% 2.2% 9
Switzerland 75.6 109.9 114.9 117.3 100.7 2.9% -1.7% -14.1% 2.9% 8
Thailand 25.9 52.3 65.6 72.5 27.8 0.7% -11.9% -61.7% 0.8% 19
Turkey 27.5 50.0 49.6 56.8 30.5 1.1% -9.4% -46.2% 0.9% 18
United Kingdom 218.5 332.8 350.7 362.2 299.8 3.2% -2.1% -17.2% 8.5% 3
USA 439.0 692.8 729.7 782.8 617.8 3.5% -2.3% -21.1% 17.5% 2
Vietnam 5.6 10.1 20.9 24.7 16.4 11.3% 10.1% -33.4% 0.5% 24

Source: WTO.

Global imports of services (billion EUR, %)
World
share
10y 5y 1y
Reporter 2010 2015 2018 2019 2020 2020 2020
(2010-2020) (2015-2020) (2019-2020)
World 2 449.3 3 709.6 4 026.9 4 370.3 3 328.9 3.1% -2.1% -23.8% 100.0%
EU27 526.3 770.1 856.4 982.2 805.7 4.4% 0.9% -18.0% 24.2% 1
Australia 43.5 57.4 62.1 64.3 33.7 -2.5% -10.1% -47.6% 1.0% 17
Brazil 45.9 63.8 60.4 62.3 43.0 -0.7% -7.6% -31.0% 1.3% 15
Canada 75.5 94.4 102.3 108.3 79.9 0.6% -3.3% -26.2% 2.4% 10
China 145.9 392.6 444.7 447.2 333.6 8.6% -3.2% -25.4% 10.0% 3
Hong Kong 53.1 66.8 69.1 72.3 44.7 -1.7% -7.7% -38.2% 1.3% 14
India 86.7 111.4 149.1 160.3 134.8 4.5% 3.9% -15.9% 4.1% 7
Japan 124.2 161.0 172.2 184.3 161.6 2.7% 0.1% -12.3% 4.9% 5
Malaysia 24.6 36.2 37.8 39.0 29.1 1.7% -4.2% -25.2% 0.9% 21
Mexico 20.3 29.5 31.9 33.3 22.1 0.9% -5.5% -33.5% 0.7% 24
Russia 56.8 80.0 80.2 88.4 56.6 0.0% -6.7% -36.0% 1.7% 11
Singapore 75.8 145.7 169.5 186.0 151.2 7.1% 0.7% -18.7% 4.5% 6
South Korea 73.1 101.1 109.1 113.2 90.1 2.1% -2.3% -20.4% 2.7% 9
Switzerland 61.1 97.5 103.6 109.4 99.8 5.0% 0.5% -8.7% 3.0% 8
Thailand 31.2 38.3 46.5 50.8 41.0 2.8% 1.4% -19.2% 1.2% 16
Turkey 14.9 23.0 24.1 25.1 22.5 4.2% -0.4% -10.2% 0.7% 22
United Kingdom 143.6 211.8 224.9 247.8 179.3 2.2% -3.3% -27.6% 5.4% 4
USA 329.2 449.0 477.5 528.0 403.0 2.0% -2.1% -23.7% 12.1% 2
Vietnam 7.5 14.4 15.3 16.8 14.9 7.2% 0.7% -11.0% 0.5% 30

Source: WTO.
WORLD TRADE 16
Global exports of goods and services (billion EUR, %)
World
share
10y 5y 1y
Reporter 2010 2015 2018 2019 2020 2020 2020
(2010-2020) (2015-2020) (2019-2020)
World 11 802.9 15 966.6 17 525.9 18 235.0 15 869.6 3.0% -0.1% -13.0% 100.0%
EU27 2 029.9 2 727.1 3 056.9 3 196.9 2 807.6 3.3% 0.6% -12.2% 17.7% 1
Australia 198.8 219.3 274.4 306.9 248.3 2.2% 2.5% -19.1% 1.6% 15
Brazil 175.4 202.7 235.2 229.1 209.9 1.8% 0.7% -8.4% 1.3% 19
Canada 351.7 444.6 466.7 492.3 416.4 1.7% -1.3% -15.4% 2.6% 9
China 1 325.2 2 252.5 2 347.8 2 484.8 2 520.3 6.6% 2.3% 1.4% 15.9% 2
Hong Kong 355.2 560.4 577.7 569.7 539.8 4.3% -0.7% -5.2% 3.4% 6
India 256.4 380.7 447.3 482.0 419.2 5.0% 1.9% -13.0% 2.6% 8
Japan 682.0 709.7 789.2 815.6 699.0 0.2% -0.3% -14.3% 4.4% 4
Malaysia 176.1 211.7 243.5 249.3 224.0 2.4% 1.1% -10.2% 1.4% 17
Mexico 236.8 363.6 406.0 439.6 379.9 4.8% 0.9% -13.6% 2.4% 11
Russia 323.0 356.1 435.1 431.0 337.4 0.4% -1.1% -21.7% 2.1% 13
Singapore 341.5 454.9 524.7 543.0 392.0 1.4% -2.9% -27.8% 2.5% 10
South Korea 414.4 562.6 596.8 573.3 525.2 2.4% -1.4% -8.4% 3.3% 7
Switzerland 223.1 371.1 377.3 397.5 375.6 5.3% 0.2% -5.5% 2.4% 12
Thailand 171.8 242.2 277.8 291.7 228.3 2.9% -1.2% -21.7% 1.4% 16
Turkey 113.4 186.1 199.7 218.3 179.1 4.7% -0.8% -18.0% 1.1% 20
United Kingdom 532.0 747.0 762.8 782.0 646.0 2.0% -2.9% -17.4% 4.1% 5
USA 1 402.7 2 048.9 2 138.8 2 248.7 1 871.1 2.9% -1.8% -16.8% 11.8% 3
Vietnam 58.6 154.6 223.1 256.4 258.4 16.0% 10.8% 0.8% 1.6% 14

Sources: IMF DOTS, WTO.

Global imports of goods and services (billion EUR, %)
World
share
10y 5y 1y
Reporter 2010 2015 2018 2019 2020 2020 2020
(2010-2020) (2015-2020) (2019-2020)
World 12 016.3 16 154.0 17 610.5 18 317.6 15 924.6 2.9% -0.3% -13.1% 100.0%
EU27 1 997.1 2 419.4 2 770.5 2 925.5 2 522.1 2.4% 0.8% -13.8% 15.8% 1
Australia 198.0 249.3 266.1 267.0 228.1 1.4% -1.8% -14.6% 1.4% 16
Brazil 191.1 227.6 221.3 230.2 190.5 0.0% -3.5% -17.3% 1.2% 20
Canada 389.1 495.6 513.3 536.4 455.0 1.6% -1.7% -15.2% 2.9% 9
China 1 197.3 1 836.2 2 251.6 2 295.3 2 137.4 6.0% 3.1% -6.9% 13.4% 3
Hong Kong 380.1 571.0 600.4 589.3 547.0 3.7% -0.9% -7.2% 3.4% 6
India 351.3 464.9 580.1 588.9 457.0 2.7% -0.3% -22.4% 2.9% 8
Japan 647.8 745.0 805.9 828.1 714.2 1.0% -0.8% -13.8% 4.5% 5
Malaysia 148.9 194.8 222.3 221.9 195.8 2.8% 0.1% -11.8% 1.2% 19
Mexico 261.3 407.1 448.6 464.4 377.6 3.7% -1.5% -18.7% 2.4% 10
Russia 223.7 244.4 281.3 305.2 259.2 1.5% 1.2% -15.1% 1.6% 13
Singapore 310.3 413.5 483.5 506.8 360.2 1.5% -2.7% -28.9% 2.3% 11
South Korea 393.9 494.5 561.8 562.3 499.5 2.4% 0.2% -11.2% 3.1% 7
Switzerland 194.1 324.2 336.9 356.3 353.9 6.2% 1.8% -0.7% 2.2% 12
Thailand 170.8 220.2 257.7 264.2 223.1 2.7% 0.3% -15.6% 1.4% 17
Turkey 154.8 215.5 219.8 213.0 214.7 3.3% -0.1% 0.8% 1.4% 18
United Kingdom 588.2 776.4 795.4 867.3 729.2 2.2% -1.2% -15.9% 4.6% 4
USA 1 813.8 2 469.5 2 630.5 2 759.7 2 448.7 3.0% -0.2% -11.3% 15.4% 2
Vietnam 70.4 172.2 211.1 239.2 241.7 13.1% 7.0% 1.0% 1.5% 15

WORLD TRADE 18
Global trade in goods (billion EUR, %)
World
share
10y 5y 1y
Reporter 2010 2015 2018 2019 2020 2020 2020
(2010-2020) (2015-2020) (2019-2020)
World 18 880.0 24 644.9 26 880.7 27 622.5 24 927.3 2.8% 0.2% -9.8% 100.0%
EU27 2 909.2 3 531.2 3 983.4 4 085.1 3 656.6 2.3% 0.7% -10.5% 14.7% 2
Australia 314.1 361.8 419.6 446.2 400.3 2.5% 2.0% -10.3% 1.6% 15
Brazil 297.5 336.1 366.1 366.4 332.5 1.1% -0.2% -9.3% 1.3% 20
Canada 605.8 769.2 790.1 826.6 716.7 1.7% -1.4% -13.3% 2.9% 9
China 2 242.1 3 499.1 3 924.9 4 079.9 4 078.3 6.2% 3.1% 0.0% 16.4% 1
Hong Kong 621.5 970.6 1 013.2 995.6 986.3 4.7% 0.3% -0.9% 4.0% 5
India 432.7 593.4 704.7 718.9 563.5 2.7% -1.0% -21.6% 2.3% 10
Japan 1 104.2 1 147.2 1 258.5 1 274.2 1 111.3 0.1% -0.6% -12.8% 4.5% 4
Malaysia 274.2 338.8 394.0 395.7 371.5 3.1% 1.9% -6.1% 1.5% 17
Mexico 466.2 720.6 798.4 842.5 720.5 4.4% 0.0% -14.5% 2.9% 8
Russia 452.8 473.9 581.5 591.7 498.4 1.0% 1.0% -15.8% 2.0% 12
Singapore 500.3 584.6 663.7 669.9 436.8 -1.3% -5.7% -34.8% 1.8% 14
South Korea 672.5 868.2 965.6 933.8 858.2 2.5% -0.2% -8.1% 3.4% 7
Switzerland 280.5 487.9 495.6 527.2 529.0 6.6% 1.6% 0.4% 2.1% 11
Thailand 285.5 371.8 423.4 432.6 382.6 3.0% 0.6% -11.6% 1.5% 16
Turkey 225.9 328.6 345.7 349.4 340.7 4.2% 0.7% -2.5% 1.4% 19
United Kingdom 758.1 978.8 982.4 1 039.3 896.1 1.7% -1.7% -13.8% 3.6% 6
USA 2 448.2 3 376.5 3 562.2 3 697.7 3 299.0 3.0% -0.5% -10.8% 13.2% 3
Vietnam 115.9 302.2 398.1 454.1 468.7 15.0% 9.2% 3.2% 1.9% 13

Source: IMF DOTS.

Global trade in services (billion EUR, %)
World
share
10y 5y 1y
Reporter 2010 2015 2018 2019 2020 2020 2020
(2010-2020) (2015-2020) (2019-2020)
World 4 939.1 7 475.6 8 255.7 8 930.1 6 866.9 3.4% -1.7% -23.1% 100.0%
EU27 1 117.8 1 615.2 1 844.0 2 037.4 1 673.1 4.1% 0.7% -17.9% 24.4% 1
Australia 82.7 106.9 120.9 127.7 76.2 -0.8% -6.5% -40.3% 1.1% 14
Brazil 69.1 94.3 90.4 92.9 67.9 -0.2% -6.3% -26.9% 1.0% 18
Canada 134.9 171.0 190.0 202.1 154.7 1.4% -2.0% -23.4% 2.3% 10
China 280.4 589.6 674.5 700.2 579.3 7.5% -0.4% -17.3% 8.4% 3
Hong Kong 113.9 160.8 164.9 163.4 100.5 -1.2% -9.0% -38.5% 1.5% 12
India 175.0 252.2 322.6 352.1 312.7 6.0% 4.4% -11.2% 4.6% 6
Japan 225.6 307.5 336.6 369.5 301.9 3.0% -0.4% -18.3% 4.4% 7
Malaysia 50.8 67.7 71.8 75.6 48.3 -0.5% -6.5% -36.1% 0.7% 22
Mexico 32.0 50.1 56.3 61.4 37.0 1.5% -5.9% -39.8% 0.5% 25
Russia 93.9 126.5 134.9 144.5 98.1 0.4% -5.0% -32.1% 1.4% 13
Singapore 151.5 283.8 344.5 380.0 315.4 7.6% 2.1% -17.0% 4.6% 5
South Korea 135.7 188.9 192.9 201.9 166.5 2.1% -2.5% -17.5% 2.4% 9
Switzerland 136.8 207.4 218.5 226.6 200.5 3.9% -0.7% -11.5% 2.9% 8
Thailand 57.1 90.7 112.1 123.3 68.8 1.9% -5.4% -44.2% 1.0% 16
Turkey 42.4 73.0 73.7 81.9 53.1 2.3% -6.2% -35.2% 0.8% 21
United Kingdom 362.0 544.6 575.7 610.0 479.1 2.8% -2.5% -21.5% 7.0% 4
USA 768.3 1 141.8 1 207.2 1 310.8 1 020.8 2.9% -2.2% -22.1% 14.9% 2
Vietnam 13.1 24.6 36.1 41.4 31.3 9.1% 5.0% -24.3% 0.5% 27

Source: WTO.
WORLD TRADE 20
Global trade in goods and services (billion EUR, %)
World
share
10y 5y 1y
Reporter 2010 2015 2018 2019 2020 2020 2020
(2010-2020) (2015-2020) (2019-2020)
World 23 819.2 32 120.5 35 136.4 36 552.6 31 794.2 2.9% -0.2% -13.0% 100.0%
EU27 4 027.0 5 146.5 5 827.4 6 122.5 5 329.7 2.8% 0.7% -12.9% 16.8% 1
Australia 396.8 468.7 540.5 573.9 476.4 1.8% 0.3% -17.0% 1.5% 15
Brazil 366.6 430.3 456.5 459.3 400.4 0.9% -1.4% -12.8% 1.3% 19
Canada 740.8 940.2 980.1 1 028.6 871.4 1.6% -1.5% -15.3% 2.7% 9
China 2 522.5 4 088.8 4 599.5 4 780.1 4 657.7 6.3% 2.6% -2.6% 14.7% 2
Hong Kong 735.3 1 131.4 1 178.1 1 159.0 1 086.8 4.0% -0.8% -6.2% 3.4% 6
India 607.7 845.6 1 027.3 1 071.0 876.2 3.7% 0.7% -18.2% 2.8% 8
Japan 1 329.8 1 454.7 1 595.1 1 643.7 1 413.2 0.6% -0.6% -14.0% 4.4% 4
Malaysia 325.0 406.5 465.8 471.2 419.7 2.6% 0.6% -10.9% 1.3% 18
Mexico 498.2 770.7 854.6 903.9 757.5 4.3% -0.3% -16.2% 2.4% 10
Russia 546.7 600.5 716.4 736.2 596.6 0.9% -0.1% -19.0% 1.9% 13
Singapore 651.8 868.4 1 008.2 1 049.8 752.2 1.4% -2.8% -28.3% 2.4% 11
South Korea 808.2 1 057.1 1 158.6 1 135.6 1 024.8 2.4% -0.6% -9.8% 3.2% 7
Switzerland 417.2 695.3 714.2 753.8 729.5 5.7% 1.0% -3.2% 2.3% 12
Thailand 342.6 462.4 535.5 555.9 451.4 2.8% -0.5% -18.8% 1.4% 17
Turkey 268.2 401.6 419.5 431.3 393.8 3.9% -0.4% -8.7% 1.2% 20
United Kingdom 1 120.2 1 523.4 1 558.1 1 649.3 1 375.2 2.1% -2.0% -16.6% 4.3% 5
USA 3 216.5 4 518.3 4 769.4 5 008.4 4 319.8 3.0% -0.9% -13.7% 13.6% 3
Vietnam 129.0 326.8 434.2 495.5 500.1 14.5% 8.9% 0.9% 1.6% 14


Share in world trade in goods and services of selected countries (%)
16.9
EU27 16.8
USA 14.7
13.5 13.6
China
10.6
5.6 Japan
4.4
4.7
United Kingdom 4.3
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Sources: IMF DOTS, WTO,
WORLD TRADE 22
Global external trade balances (billion EUR)
Goods Services Goods and services
Reporter 2010 2019 2020 2010 2019 2020 2010 2019 2020
EU27 - 32.4 198.3 223.9 65.2 73.1 61.6 32.8 271.4 285.6
Australia 5.2 40.7 11.4 - 4.4 - 0.9 8.8 0.8 39.9 20.2
Brazil 7.1 30.6 37.5 - 22.8 - 31.7 - 18.1 - 15.7 - 1.1 19.4
Canada - 21.2 - 29.6 - 33.6 - 16.2 - 14.5 - 5.0 - 37.4 - 44.1 - 38.6
China 139.2 383.7 470.8 - 11.4 - 194.3 - 88.0 127.8 189.5 382.9
Hong Kong - 32.5 - 38.4 - 18.4 7.6 18.8 11.2 - 24.9 - 19.6 - 7.2
India - 96.5 - 138.5 - 80.9 1.6 31.6 43.2 - 94.8 - 106.9 - 37.7
Japan 57.1 - 13.6 6.1 - 22.8 1.0 - 21.2 34.3 - 12.5 - 15.1
Malaysia 25.7 29.7 38.2 1.5 - 2.4 - 10.0 27.2 27.4 28.2
Mexico - 15.9 - 19.6 9.7 - 8.6 - 5.2 - 7.3 - 24.5 - 24.8 2.4
Russia 119.0 158.2 93.2 - 19.7 - 32.3 - 15.0 99.3 125.9 78.2
Singapore 31.3 28.1 18.8 - 0.1 8.0 13.0 31.2 36.2 31.8
South Korea 31.1 35.6 39.4 - 10.5 - 24.6 - 13.7 20.5 11.0 25.7
Switzerland 14.5 33.4 20.8 14.5 7.9 0.9 29.0 41.2 21.7
Thailand 6.2 5.8 18.5 - 5.3 21.7 - 13.3 0.9 27.5 5.3
Turkey - 54.1 - 26.4 - 43.7 12.6 31.7 8.0 - 41.4 5.4 - 35.6
United Arab Emirates - 9.2 - 27.3 - 44.9 - 22.9 1.8 2.3 - 32.1 - 25.5 - 42.6
United Kingdom - 131.1 - 199.8 - 203.8 74.9 114.4 120.5 - 56.2 - 85.3 - 83.3
USA - 521.0 - 765.8 - 792.3 109.8 254.7 214.8 - 411.1 - 511.0 - 577.5
Vietnam - 9.9 9.3 15.2 - 1.8 7.9 1.5 - 11.7 17.2 16.7

Sources : IMF DOTS, WTO.

Trade in goods and services of selected countries (% of GDP)
United Kingdom
59.8
57.9
55.4
China
EU27
40.1
36.7 36.1
Japan 32.0
30.6
28.4 USA
23.6
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Ratio= Total trade/GDP (current prices)
Sources: IMF DOTS, WTO, IMF World Economic Outlook (April 2021)
WORLD TRADE 24
Global trade in goods 2020 - Main trade partner by reporter
Source : IMF DOTS.

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) and
FOREIGN AFFILIATES STATISTICS (FATS)
26
Global FDI inward and outward stocks (billion EUR)
FDI inward stocks FDI outward stocks

Reporter 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
World 23 954.6 25 744.3 29 404.6 27 895.0 32 577.2 23 952.1 25 388.5 29 247.2 26 678.7 30 880.9
EU27 6 679.8 6 717.0 7 841.6 7 331.7 8 033.7 7 965.7 8 146.3 9 231.1 8 530.9 9 490.3
Australia 510.5 552.1 619.3 594.2 638.0 375.5 393.7 445.5 420.8 517.4
Brazil 387.4 509.1 551.5 481.6 572.3 166.7 183.6 212.1 176.5 200.0
Canada 726.7 816.2 855.7 721.6 926.4 1 042.0 1 165.4 1 356.3 1 156.8 1 476.1
China 1 099.5 1 222.9 1 318.9 1 378.7 1 580.6 989.5 1 226.3 1 601.4 1 678.5 1 875.3
Hong Kong 1 434.5 1 469.0 1 720.7 1 662.4 1 668.5 1 380.3 1 397.3 1 605.1 1 549.0 1 602.5
India 254.7 287.6 333.9 327.0 381.4 125.3 130.2 137.4 141.1 159.6
Japan 157.0 177.6 179.2 173.4 198.8 1 107.5 1 188.2 1 325.6 1 327.0 1 624.1
Malaysia 105.2 110.2 129.8 130.9 150.9 122.6 113.9 114.7 100.0 105.9
Mexico 452.5 427.7 434.3 432.9 561.4 130.4 132.1 154.9 130.0 205.8
Russia 236.8 355.9 390.5 345.6 414.4 261.5 309.7 344.1 293.5 345.4
Singapore 983.8 1 012.0 1 233.5 1 300.7 1 516.4 667.2 755.9 887.2 868.6 988.1
South Korea 161.8 170.6 203.1 200.9 213.1 257.7 280.3 319.2 343.1 393.2
Switzerland 802.6 1 013.6 1 197.3 1 146.9 1 206.5 1 019.7 1 183.3 1 273.3 1 265.6 1 363.3
Thailand 165.2 172.0 196.2 191.6 227.3 63.4 78.2 97.7 104.7 122.8
Turkey 143.3 135.5 174.8 124.7 147.3 32.2 34.9 40.6 38.0 42.7
United Arab Emirates 99.1 108.0 115.0 118.8 137.7 87.9 99.8 110.2 118.1 138.8
United Kingdom 1 379.6 1 319.6 1 598.5 1 634.6 1 853.8 1 447.0 1 416.6 1 570.0 1 514.2 1 741.4
USA 5 165.7 5 950.3 6 943.6 6 293.1 8 455.4 5 461.3 5 792.9 6 929.9 5 463.8 6 897.5
Vietnam 92.7 104.3 114.6 122.8 143.9 7.7 8.7 8.9 9.0 9.9
Coverage: including intra-EU stocks.

Source: UNCTAD.

Global FDI inflows and outflows (billion EUR)
FDI inflows FDI outflows

Reporter 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
World 1 840.3 1 791.9 1 505.2 1 266.1 1 375.5 1 539.5 1 394.2 1 417.2 835.2 1 173.5
EU27 546.4 300.5 322.1 296.2 346.4 677.5 439.1 349.0 257.3 378.5
Australia 26.7 43.6 40.1 57.6 32.3 - 8.4 2.1 5.3 5.4 4.8
Brazil 45.0 48.5 58.9 50.6 64.3 - 10.5 - 5.3 16.9 - 13.8 13.9
Canada 39.5 32.6 23.5 36.8 45.0 60.8 62.8 69.4 42.2 68.4
China 122.2 120.8 120.7 117.1 126.2 131.3 177.2 140.1 121.1 104.6
Hong Kong 157.2 106.1 98.0 88.3 61.1 64.7 53.9 76.8 69.6 53.0
India 39.7 40.2 35.3 35.7 45.2 6.8 4.6 9.9 9.7 10.8
Japan 2.7 17.5 9.7 8.4 13.0 122.8 140.9 145.8 121.2 202.5
Malaysia 9.1 10.2 8.3 6.5 6.8 9.5 7.2 5.0 4.3 5.6
Mexico 31.9 28.0 30.2 29.4 29.4 9.6 0.4 3.5 6.5 9.1
Russia 10.7 33.6 23.0 11.2 28.4 24.4 24.4 30.2 30.3 20.1
Singapore 53.8 62.2 74.0 67.5 82.3 40.8 36.1 43.2 25.2 29.7
South Korea 3.7 10.9 15.9 10.3 9.4 21.4 27.0 30.2 32.4 31.7
Switzerland 67.9 80.0 95.0 - 45.0 - 19.4 80.0 110.3 26.7 51.5 9.9
Thailand 5.1 1.6 5.9 8.8 3.7 1.5 11.2 15.0 15.6 10.6
Turkey 17.1 12.4 9.8 11.0 7.5 4.3 2.7 2.3 3.1 2.5
United Arab Emirates 7.7 8.7 9.2 8.8 12.3 15.0 14.2 12.5 12.8 14.2
United Kingdom 35.3 233.7 89.6 55.3 52.8 - 60.2 - 34.0 104.1 35.1 28.1
USA 421.5 426.2 245.4 214.7 219.9 238.3 261.3 265.9 - 76.7 111.6
Vietnam 10.6 11.4 12.5 13.1 14.4 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.4
Coverage: including intra-EU flows.

Source: UNCTAD.
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) and FOREIGN AFFILIATES STATISTICS (FATS) 28

Inward FATS-Foreign enterprises in EU27 by controlling country (2018)
Number of enterprises by controlling country:

Extra-EU28 84 000
United States
United States 20 745 24.7%
Switzerland 13 000 Other countries (*)
Offshore financial centers 8 000 26.8%
Norway 4 425
Russia 4 413
Turkey 2 943
Ukraine 2 482 Serbia
Israel 2 067 2.0%
Canada 1 723 Canada Switzerland
Serbia 1 689 2.1% 15.5%
Other countries (*) 22 513
Israel
2.5% Offshore
financial
Ukraine
Norway centers
3.0% Turkey
5.3% 9.5%
3.5%
Russia
5.3%
(*) Data for some partners are not available (e.g. Japan, China)
Source: Eurostat (fats_g1b_08).

Inward FATS-Persons employed in EU27 by controlling country (2018)
South Korea
1.5%
India
Hong Kong
1.5% Other countries
1.5%
Mexico 11.9%
Number of persons employed by controlling country:
1.9%
Extra-EU28 7 176 855
United States 3 025 797
Switzerland 1 433 000 Norway
Japan 730 000 2.9%
China except Hong Kong 268 306 United States
Canada
Canada 207 676 42.2%
2.9%
Norway 207 009 China except
Mexico 135 033 Hong Kong
Hong Kong 107 564 3.7%
India 106 519
South Korea 104 884 Japan
Other countries 851 067 10.2%
Switzerland
20.0%
Source : Eurostat (fats_g1b_08).

Outward FATS - Foreign affiliates of EU27 enterprises by partner country (2018)
Number of enterprises by partner country: United States

Extra-EU28 85 053 21.2%
United States 18 073
Africa 7 845
China except Hong Kong 7 266 Other countries
Offshore financial centers 6 890 (*)
32.9%
Switzerland 4 287
Brazil 3 597 Africa
Russia 2 790 9.2%
Hong Kong 2 490
Australia 2 411
United Arab Emirates 1 428 China except
Other countries (*) 27 976 Hong Kong
United Arab 8.5%
Emirates
1.7%
Australia
2.8% Hong Kong
2.9% Russia
Offshore financial
3.3% Brazil
(*) Data for some partners not available (e.g. Canada, Norway) Switzerland centers
4.2%
Source : Eurostat (fats_out2_r2). 5.0% 8.1%

Outward FATS - Persons employed in foreign affiliates of EU27 enterprises by partner country (2018)
Number of persons employed by partner country: United States

Extra-EU28 13 122 322 21.0%
Other countries
United States 2 757 290 (*)
China except Hong Kong 1 550 596 27.3%
Brazil 1 116 078
India 1 112 081
Africa 953 011
Mexico 694 423 China except
Offshore financial centers 479 228 Hong Kong
Turkey 329 181 Switzerland 11.8%
Canada 284 784 2.0%
Switzerland 268 716
Other countries (*) 3 576 934 Canada
2.2% Brazil
8.5%
Turkey
2.5%
Offshore
financial centers India
(*) Data for some partners not available (e.g. Russia) Mexico Africa 8.5%
3.7%
Source : Eurostat (fats_out2_r2). 5.3% 7.3%

EU FDI by leading partners, 2019 (billion EUR)
Rank Leading sources Inflows Rank Leading destinations Outflows
Extra-EU27 159.6 Extra-EU27 134.0

1 South Africa 116.9 1 United Arab Emirates 154.8
2 British Virgin Islands 55.4 2 Hong Kong 81.5
3 Hong Kong 34.8 3 Singapore 36.5
4 Jersey 23.2 4 Switzerland 31.1
5 Bahamas 22.6 5 Barbados 10.7
6 Singapore 19.4 6 Uruguay 10.6
7 United Arab Emirates 18.2 7 Norway 7.3
8 China 15.4 8 India 7.0
9 USA 10.3 9 Chile 6.5
10 Bahrain 10.1 10 Japan 5.6
Rank Leading sources Inward stocks Share Rank Leading destinations Outward stocks Share
Extra-EU27 7 138.3 100.0% Extra-EU27 8 989.6 100.0%

1 USA 2 003.1 28.1% 1 USA 2 161.5 24.0%
2 United Kingdom 1 277.8 17.9% 2 United Kingdom 1 871.5 20.8%
3 Switzerland 734.6 10.3% 3 Switzerland 969.3 10.8%
4 Bermuda 411.1 5.8% 4 Canada 399.3 4.4%
5 Jersey 303.8 4.3% 5 Brazil 318.9 3.5%
6 Canada 239.4 3.4% 6 Russia 311.4 3.5%
7 Cayman Isles 218.6 3.1% 7 United Arab Emirates 270.8 3.0%
8 Japan 217.0 3.0% 8 Singapore 222.0 2.5%
9 Hong Kong 185.8 2.6% 9 Mexico 203.3 2.3%
10 British Virgin Islands 145.2 2.0% 10 Bermuda 199.3 2.2%
Coverage: including Special Purpose Entities.

Source : Eurostat (bop_fdi6_geo).

EU TRADE
34
EU exports of goods to extra-EU by sector (billion EUR)
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
SITC Rev.3
TOTAL 1 435.6 1 624.5 1 770.9 1 780.1 1 796.8 1 876.3 1 866.8 1 994.3 2 060.1 2 131.8 1 932.2
SITC 0 Food and live animals 74.4 84.5 93.1 100.1 103.9 108.9 110.6 114.9 115.7 125.2 130.8
SITC 1 Beverages and tobacco 22.2 25.2 28.6 29.1 28.9 31.4 32.1 34.5 35.3 37.7 35.4
SITC 2 Crude materials, inedible, except fuels 35.0 41.0 42.6 41.2 40.3 39.7 38.4 44.5 46.8 48.4 46.7
Mineral fuels, lubricants and related

SITC 3 78.1 102.5 129.7 125.8 113.0 88.2 75.8 99.1 113.0 103.1 63.8
materials
Animal and vegetable oils, fats and
SITC 4 3.8 4.8 5.7 5.7 5.0 5.5 6.1 6.4 6.1 5.9 6.6
waxes
SITC 5 Chemicals and related products 242.1 266.0 288.6 290.7 300.1 328.6 331.0 354.2 374.4 406.8 411.1
Manufactured goods classified chiefly by

SITC 6 184.4 210.9 219.8 215.7 217.0 218.2 211.2 225.4 232.0 229.1 204.1
material
SITC 7 Machinery and transport equipment 603.7 679.2 732.1 737.6 747.6 800.2 796.4 840.8 856.2 871.5 759.3
SITC 8 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 147.1 164.6 182.2 190.3 197.2 211.3 216.1 232.4 241.9 257.1 227.9
SITC 9 Commodities and transactions n.c.e. 41.3 41.4 44.3 39.6 39.6 40.9 44.3 39.2 34.5 44.3 44.4
AMA/NAMA
AMA Agricultural Products 109.7 124.8 138.6 147.1 149.2 158.3 160.2 168.1 169.0 181.8 184.4
NAMA Non-Agricultural Products 1 325.9 1 499.7 1 632.3 1 633.0 1 647.6 1 718.0 1 706.6 1 826.2 1 891.1 1 950.0 1 747.8
n.c.e. = not classified elsewhere.

Source : Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4).

EU imports of goods from extra-EU by sector (billion EUR)
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
SITC Rev.3
TOTAL 1 471.0 1 666.1 1 702.5 1 630.8 1 625.4 1 648.1 1 602.5 1 772.1 1 911.9 1 940.5 1 714.3
SITC 0 Food and live animals 73.0 84.0 84.6 85.4 90.2 98.6 100.3 103.5 104.5 107.3 104.1
SITC 1 Beverages and tobacco 8.4 8.6 9.0 9.4 9.1 9.8 9.6 9.8 10.1 10.3 9.3
SITC 2 Crude materials, inedible, except fuels 61.5 73.8 69.0 64.8 61.9 60.3 57.0 65.6 70.3 71.3 68.3
Mineral fuels, lubricants and related

SITC 3 373.2 477.1 525.0 481.8 426.7 314.3 254.9 319.5 392.1 363.2 221.9
materials
Animal and vegetable oils, fats and
SITC 4 6.5 8.5 9.1 8.6 8.4 8.9 9.1 10.7 9.6 9.5 11.1
waxes
SITC 5 Chemicals and related products 153.9 171.8 178.7 176.7 183.5 202.0 202.1 216.1 222.1 235.1 232.9
Manufactured goods classified chiefly by

SITC 6 152.8 180.3 162.1 157.5 168.1 178.4 175.1 192.6 207.0 197.5 191.1
material
SITC 7 Machinery and transport equipment 426.9 434.9 435.0 420.7 436.9 507.3 521.0 567.9 603.4 638.0 585.9
SITC 8 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 185.8 198.3 198.6 196.2 213.1 240.9 243.9 253.6 260.9 276.9 252.5
SITC 9 Commodities and transactions n.c.e. 25.8 26.3 28.3 26.5 24.0 24.5 26.6 29.7 29.2 28.9 35.1
AMA/NAMA
AMA Agricultural Products 85.2 100.1 103.2 103.7 105.8 114.2 114.0 119.3 118.9 121.8 122.1
NAMA Non-Agricultural Products 1 385.9 1 566.0 1 599.3 1 527.1 1 519.6 1 533.8 1 488.5 1 652.8 1 793.0 1 818.7 1 592.3

EU trade 36
EU exports of goods to extra-EU by sector, 2020 shares (%)
SITC 0 Food and live animals

SITC 1 Beverages and tobacco
6.8%
1.8%
SITC 9 Commodities and
transactions n.c.e. SITC 2 Crude materials, inedible,
2.3% except fuels
SITC 8 2.4%
Miscellaneous
manufactured
articles SITC 3 Mineral fuels, lubricants and
11.8% related materials
3.3%
SITC 4 Animal and vegetable oils,

fats and waxes
SITC 5 Chemicals and related 0.3%
products
SITC 7 Machinery and 21.3%
transport equipment
39.3%
SITC 6 Manufactured goods

classified chiefly by material
10.6%
Source: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4).

EU imports of goods from extra-EU by sector, 2020 shares (%)
SITC 1 Beverages and tobacco

SITC 9 Commodities and SITC 0 Food and live animals 0.5%
transactions n.c.e. 6.1%
2.1%
SITC 8 Miscellaneous
manufactured articles SITC 2 Crude materials, inedible,
14.7% except fuels
4.0%
SITC 3 Mineral fuels, lubricants and

related materials
13.0%
SITC 4 Animal and vegetable oils,
fats and waxes
0.7%
SITC 5 Chemicals and related

products
SITC 7 Machinery and transport
equipment 13.6%
34.2%
SITC 6 Manufactured goods

classified chiefly by material
11.2%
EU trade 38
EU trade in goods with extra-EU by sector,2020 (billion EUR, %)
Trade
Exports Imports
balance
SITC Rev.3
Value Share in Variation CAGR Value Share in Variation CAGR Value
2020 total 2020 2019-2020 2010-2020 2020 total 2020 2019-2020 2010-2020 2020
TOTAL 1 932.2 100% − 9.4% 3.0% 1 714.3 100% − 11.7% 1.5% 217.8
SITC 0 Food and live animals 130.8 6.8% 4.5% 5.8% 104.1 6.1% − 3.0% 3.6% 26.7
SITC 1 Beverages and tobacco 35.4 1.8% − 6.2% 4.8% 9.3 0.5% − 9.7% 0.9% 26.1
SITC 2 Crude materials, inedible, except fuels 46.7 2.4% − 3.5% 2.9% 68.3 4.0% − 4.2% 1.0% − 21.6
SITC 3 Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials 63.8 3.3% − 38.1% -2.0% 221.9 12.9% − 38.9% -5.1% − 158.1
SITC 4 Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes 6.6 0.3% 10.3% 5.7% 11.1 0.6% 16.8% 5.5% − 4.6
SITC 5 Chemicals and related products 411.1 21.3% 1.1% 5.4% 232.9 13.6% − 0.9% 4.2% 178.2
SITC 6 Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material 204.1 10.6% − 10.9% 1.0% 191.1 11.1% − 3.3% 2.3% 13.0
SITC 7 Machinery and transport equipment 759.3 39.3% − 12.9% 2.3% 585.9 34.2% − 8.2% 3.2% 173.4
SITC 8 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 227.9 11.8% − 11.4% 4.5% 252.5 14.7% − 8.8% 3.1% − 24.6
SITC 9 Commodities and transactions n.c.e. 44.4 2.3% 0.1% 0.7% 35.1 2.1% 21.5% 3.1% 9.2
AMA/NAMA
AMA Agricultural Products 184.4 9.5% 1.4% 5.3% 122.1 7.1% 0.3% 3.7% 62.3
NAMA Non-Agricultural Products 1 747.8 90.5% − 10.4% 2.8% 1 592.3 92.9% − 12.5% 1.4% 155.5


EU trade in goods by partner, 2020 (billion EUR, %)
Total trade Exports Imports

Rank Partner Value Share Rank Value Share Rank Value Share
Extra-EU27 3 646.5 100% 1 932.2 100% 1 714.3 100.0%
1 China 586.9 16.1% 3 202.9 10.5% 1 384.0 22.4%
2 USA 556.5 15.3% 1 353.5 18.3% 2 203.0 11.8%
3 United Kingdom 445.1 12.2% 2 277.7 14.4% 3 167.4 9.8%
4 Switzerland 251.0 6.9% 4 142.4 7.4% 4 108.6 6.3%
5 Russia 174.0 4.8% 5 79.0 4.1% 5 95.0 5.5%
6 Turkey 132.3 3.6% 6 69.9 3.6% 6 62.4 3.6%
7 Japan 110.1 3.0% 7 55.2 2.9% 7 54.9 3.2%
8 Norway 90.7 2.5% 8 48.6 2.5% 9 42.1 2.5%
9 South Korea 89.4 2.5% 9 45.3 2.3% 8 44.1 2.6%
10 India 65.2 1.8% 11 32.2 1.7% 11 33.0 1.9%
11 Canada 53.9 1.5% 10 33.5 1.7% 16 20.4 1.2%
12 Brazil 52.7 1.4% 14 27.7 1.4% 13 25.0 1.5%
13 Mexico 51.0 1.4% 12 30.6 1.6% 15 20.4 1.2%
14 Taiwan 49.3 1.4% 20 22.9 1.2% 12 26.4 1.5%
15 Vietnam 43.2 1.2% 32 8.8 0.5% 10 34.4 2.0%
16 Singapore 41.1 1.1% 17 24.0 1.2% 18 17.1 1.0%
17 Saudi Arabia 40.4 1.1% 16 24.9 1.3% 21 15.5 0.9%
18 Ukraine 39.6 1.1% 18 23.1 1.2% 19 16.4 1.0%
19 Australia 35.8 1.0% 13 28.9 1.5% 35 6.8 0.4%
20 Malaysia 35.3 1.0% 28 10.6 0.5% 14 24.8 1.4%
Other partners 703.1 19.3% 390.7 20.2% 312.4 18.2%
EU trade 40
EU exports of services to extra-EU by type (billion EUR)
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
EBOPS
TOTAL 591.5 638.5 698.1 692.6 747.2 845.2 854.3 931.0 987.6 1 055.3 867.1
Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned
22.0 22.9 23.1 19.1 20.3 22.7 22.1 23.2 27.1 26.7 25.7
by others
Maintenance and repair services n.i.e. 6.0 7.2 9.0 10.2 10.6 12.9 14.3 16.4 17.1 19.8 18.2
Transport 142.2 150.5 157.3 147.5 148.1 157.3 148.5 163.8 175.5 184.9 149.2
Travel 99.4 105.0 114.8 115.0 119.1 135.5 138.7 151.9 156.8 163.2 52.2
Construction 9.9 10.1 10.6 10.8 12.5 13.4 12.9 15.0 14.1 13.3 9.8
Insurance and pension services 14.7 14.3 17.7 16.0 16.4 18.6 21.7 20.9 20.0 20.0 19.7
Financial services 47.8 53.9 60.0 61.6 65.0 73.5 70.2 74.5 73.9 77.4 77.6
Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e. 26.0 32.4 33.6 34.8 49.4 58.9 68.4 75.2 81.9 85.7 79.1
Telecommunications, computer, and information
74.0 81.5 88.9 91.8 97.5 121.7 116.7 130.1 149.0 174.7 174.7
services
Other business services 135.4 147.1 163.8 167.5 192.0 210.6 221.9 238.0 243.9 259.2 230.0
Personal, cultural and recreational services 7.1 6.9 7.9 7.4 8.1 9.7 10.0 12.9 14.3 15.5 13.4
Government goods and services n.i.e. 6.5 6.5 7.4 7.4 5.8 6.2 6.2 5.9 7.4 7.7 6.7
Services not allocated 0.4 0.3 3.9 3.6 2.4 4.4 2.7 3.3 6.5 7.1 10.8
Commercial services 585.0 632.1 690.7 685.2 741.4 839.0 848.1 925.1 980.2 1 047.6 860.4
EBOPS: Extended Balance of Payments Services classification (2010).

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere.
Commercial services = services excluding government services n.i.e.
Source : Eurostat (bop_its_det).

EU imports of services to extra-EU by type (billion EUR)
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
EBOPS
TOTAL 526.3 551.3 594.7 570.2 635.9 770.1 780.2 820.5 856.5 982.2 806.6
6.4 7.5 10.5 9.0 9.0 10.6 12.2 14.3 16.7 18.3 17.5
by others
Maintenance and repair services n.i.e. 3.2 4.0 4.0 9.7 8.8 12.1 12.9 14.1 14.9 16.2 14.1
Transport 119.5 124.4 129.3 119.8 119.3 128.5 123.3 130.4 139.7 144.3 117.5
Travel 96.8 102.5 104.3 86.5 94.1 94.6 94.5 104.0 109.8 116.7 43.4
Construction 5.6 5.1 6.3 5.3 5.0 6.2 6.3 6.8 7.8 6.4 5.3
Insurance and pension services 13.6 13.3 14.8 14.6 14.3 16.2 17.6 18.3 19.1 20.0 20.2
Financial services 32.3 37.3 39.8 43.2 48.2 56.1 55.0 56.9 59.3 61.8 67.5
Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e. 40.0 40.3 43.3 44.2 87.9 112.1 115.8 119.7 126.6 141.1 139.7
48.1 49.4 53.4 56.0 45.8 83.9 57.1 63.9 68.9 75.6 70.9
services
Other business services 145.4 152.3 173.3 167.8 190.6 234.6 268.5 275.1 275.8 361.9 295.9
Personal, cultural and recreational services 8.8 9.2 10.0 9.2 8.5 10.8 12.2 12.6 13.9 14.8 10.4
Government goods and services n.i.e. 6.0 5.5 5.4 4.8 4.4 4.0 4.6 4.2 4.4 4.3 3.9
Services not allocated 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 - 0.2 0.6 0.5
Commercial services 520.3 545.8 589.2 565.4 631.6 766.1 775.6 816.3 852.1 977.9 802.8

Source : Eurostat (bop_its_det).
EU trade 42
EU exports of services to extra-EU by type, 2020 shares ( %)
Government goods and services Manufacturing services on physical
n.i.e. inputs owned by others
0.8% 3.0%
Personal, cultural and recreational
services
Maintenance and repair services
1.5% n.i.e.
2.1%
Transport
17.2%
Other business services

26.5%
Travel
6.0%
Construction
1.1%
Telecommunications, computer,
and information services Insurance and pension services
20.1% Financial services
2.3%
9.0%
Charges for the
use of
intellectual
property n.i.e.
9.1%

Source : Eurostat (bop_its6_det).

EU imports of services from extra-EU by type, 2020 shares (%)
Manufacturing services on physical

Government goods and services
inputs owned by others
n.i.e.
2.2%
Personal, cultural and recreational 0.5%
services Maintenance and repair services
1.3% n.i.e.
1.7%
Transport
14.6%
Travel
5.4% Construction
Other business services 0.7%
36.7%
Insurance and pension services
2.5%
Financial services
8.4%
Charges for the use of intellectual

property n.i.e.
17.3%
Telecommunications, computer,
and information services
8.8%

EU trade 44
EU trade in services with extra-EU by type, 2020 (billion EUR, %)
Exports Imports Trade balance

EBOPS Value Share in Variation CAGR Value Share in Variation CAGR Value
2020 total 2020 2019-2020 2010-2020 2020 total 2020 2019-2020 2010-2020 2020
TOTAL 867.1 100% − 17.8% 3.9% 806.6 100% − 17.9% 4.4% 60.4
25.7 3.0% − 3.7% 1.6% 17.5 2.2% − 4.6% 10.6% 8.2
by others
Maintenance and repair services n.i.e. 18.2 2.1% − 8.2% 11.7% 14.1 1.7% − 13.1% 15.9% 4.0
Transport 149.2 17.2% − 19.3% 0.5% 117.5 14.6% − 18.6% − 0.2% 31.7
Travel 52.2 6.0% − 68.0% − 6.2% 43.4 5.4% − 62.9% − 7.7% 8.8
Construction 9.8 1.1% − 26.0% − 0.1% 5.3 0.7% − 16.6% − 0.4% 4.5
Insurance and pension services 19.7 2.3% − 1.7% 3.0% 20.2 2.5% 0.8% 4.1% − 0.5
Financial services 77.6 9.0% 0.4% 5.0% 67.5 8.4% 9.2% 7.7% 10.1
Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e. 79.1 9.1% − 7.8% 11.8% 139.7 17.3% − 1.0% 13.3% − 60.7
174.7 20.1% − 0.0% 9.0% 70.9 8.8% − 6.2% 3.9% 103.8
services
Other business services 230.0 26.5% − 11.3% 5.4% 295.9 36.7% − 18.3% 7.4% − 65.9
Personal, cultural and recreational services 13.4 1.5% − 13.6% 6.6% 10.4 1.3% − 29.9% 1.6% 3.1
Government goods and services n.i.e. 6.7 0.8% − 12.0% 0.4% 3.9 0.5% − 9.6% − 4.3% 2.8
Services not allocated 10.8 1.2% 50.7% 37.7% 0.5 0.1% − 15.9% − 2.8% 10.3
Commercial services 860.4 99.2% − 17.9% 3.9% 802.8 99.5% − 17.9% 4.4% 57.6


EU trade in services by partner, 2019 (billion EUR, %)
Total trade Exports Imports

Rank Partner Value Share Rank Value Share Rank Value Share
Extra-EU27 2 037.5 100% 1 055.3 100% 982.2 100.0%
1 USA 426.6 20.9% 2 205.0 19.4% 1 221.5 22.6%
2 United Kingdom 405.1 19.9% 1 224.2 21.3% 2 180.8 18.4%
3 Switzerland 178.9 8.8% 3 113.7 10.8% 4 65.2 6.6%
4 Bermuda 100.1 4.9% 26 4.9 0.5% 3 95.2 9.7%
5 China 85.2 4.2% 4 52.5 5.0% 5 32.8 3.3%
6 Singapore 56.8 2.8% 6 30.8 2.9% 6 26.0 2.6%
7 Japan 47.1 2.3% 5 30.9 2.9% 10 16.2 1.7%
8 Norway 41.0 2.0% 8 26.2 2.5% 11 14.8 1.5%
9 Russia 39.8 2.0% 7 27.2 2.6% 14 12.6 1.3%
10 Canada 35.5 1.7% 9 21.8 2.1% 13 13.8 1.4%
11 India 32.6 1.6% 13 14.8 1.4% 9 17.8 1.8%
12 Hong Kong 27.1 1.3% 11 15.7 1.5% 16 11.4 1.2%
13 Cayman Isles 27.0 1.3% 34 3.4 0.3% 7 23.6 2.4%
14 Turkey 26.5 1.3% 17 12.6 1.2% 12 13.9 1.4%
15 Australia 26.1 1.3% 10 18.1 1.7% 18 7.9 0.8%
16 United Arab Emirates 25.9 1.3% 14 13.9 1.3% 15 11.9 1.2%
17 Brazil 23.0 1.1% 12 15.0 1.4% 17 8.0 0.8%
18 South Korea 20.4 1.0% 16 13.0 1.2% 19 7.3 0.8%
19 Mexico 20.3 1.0% 15 13.9 1.3% 22 6.4 0.7%
20 Bahamas 20.2 1.0% 91 0.5 0.0% 8 19.7 2.0%
Other partners 372.6 18.3% 197.3 18.7% 175.3 17.8%
Note: 2020 data by partner not available.

Source : Eurostat (bop_its6_tot).
EU trade 46
EU trade in goods by FTA partner, 2020 (billion EUR, %)
Exports Imports Total trade

Share in Growth Share in Growth Share in Growth
Value Value Value
Extra-EU 2019-2020 Extra-EU 2019-2020 Extra-EU 2019-2020
#
Extra-EU trade 1 932.2 100.0% -9.4% 1 714.3 100.0% -11.7% 3 646.5 100.0% -10.5%
partners
Extra-EU trade - FTAs in place 77 673.3 34.8% -8.3% 586.7 34.2% -11.9% 1 260.0 34.6% -10.0%
- Neighbouring countries 29 422.7 21.9% 4.3% 338.0 19.7% -34.1% 760.7 20.9% -22.9%
-- Switzerland 1 142.4 7.4% -2.8% 108.6 6.3% -1.1% 251.0 6.9% -2.1%
-- Mediterranean and Middle East countries 8 87.3 4.5% -12.5% 53.9 3.1% -16.6% 141.2 3.9% -14.1%
-- Turkey 1 69.9 3.6% 2.4% 62.4 3.6% -10.6% 132.3 3.6% -4.2%
-- Norway 1 48.6 2.5% -5.7% 42.1 2.5% -22.3% 90.7 2.5% -14.2%
-- Western Balkans 6 29.3 1.5% -8.3% 21.3 1.2% -7.2% 50.6 1.4% -7.8%
-- Eastern countries -DCFTAs 3 27.3 1.4% -6.0% 18.8 1.1% -12.7% 46.2 1.3% -8.9%
-- Other neighbouring countries 9 17.9 0.9% 9.6% 30.8 1.8% -23.7% 48.7 1.3% -15.4%
- Asia 4 133.3 6.9% -8.7% 150.6 8.8% -7.6% 283.8 7.8% -8.1%
-- Japan 1 55.2 2.9% -11.9% 54.9 3.2% -12.8% 110.1 3.0% -12.3%
-- South Korea 1 45.3 2.3% 4.5% 44.1 2.6% -7.0% 89.4 2.5% -1.5%
-- Singapore 1 24.0 1.2% -16.9% 17.1 1.0% -4.9% 41.1 1.1% -12.3%
-- Vietnam 1 8.8 0.5% -20.8% 34.4 2.0% -0.2% 43.2 1.2% -5.2%
- Americas 12 85.7 4.4% -17.9% 64.3 3.8% -8.4% 150.0 4.1% -14.1%
-- Canada 1 33.5 1.7% -12.6% 20.4 1.2% -2.9% 53.9 1.5% -9.2%
-- Mexico 1 30.6 1.6% -18.4% 20.4 1.2% -16.2% 51.0 1.4% -17.5%
-- Andean community 3 9.2 0.5% -24.5% 11.8 0.7% -5.6% 21.0 0.6% -14.9%
-- Chile 1 7.5 0.4% -25.4% 5.9 0.3% -9.6% 13.4 0.4% -19.2%
-- Central America 6 4.9 0.3% -21.8% 5.8 0.3% -0.4% 10.7 0.3% -11.4%
- Africa, Caribbean and Pacific -EPAs 32 31.7 1.6% -17.1% 33.8 2.0% -13.0% 65.5 1.8% -15.0%
Extra-EU trade - FTAs under adoption or ratification 24 59.8 3.1% -12.8% 51.7 3.0% -18.3% 111.5 3.1% -15.5%
-- Mercosur 4 35.5 1.8% -13.9% 33.1 1.9% -8.4% 68.7 1.9% -11.4%
-- EPAs concluded 20 24.3 1.3% -11.2% 18.5 1.1% -31.5% 42.9 1.2% -21.3%
Source: Eurostat (Comext, statistical regime 4).

EU trade in goods by FTA partner: groups composition
- Mediterranean and Middle East countries : Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Occupied Palestinian Territories, Tunisia
- Western Balkans : Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Kosovo
- Eastern countries - DCFTAs : Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine
- Other neighbouring countries : Andorra, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Faroe Islands, Iceland, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Liechtenstein, San Marino
- Andean community: Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
- Central America : Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama (Association Agreement)
- ACP EPAs (in place) :

•West Africa: Ghana, Ivory Coast
•Cariforum: Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Christopher and Nevis,
Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago
•Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA): Comorosn, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Zimbabwe
•Pacific: Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samao, Solomon Islands
•Southern African Development Community (SADC): Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland
•Central Africa: Cameroon
- Mercosur : Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay
- ACP EPAs (concluded) :

•Cariforum: Haiti
•Eastern African Community (EAC): Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda
•West Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
Source : https://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/negotiations-and-agreements.
EU trade 48
Preference utilisation rates (%)
Preference utilisation rates on imports into EU from partners Preference utilisation rates on imports into partners from EU
Partner 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Albania 86.2 86.2 84.3 84.1 85.7 79.9 84.7 85.0 85.5 85.7
Bosnia-Herzegovina 93.9 94.5 94.3 94.6 94.7 88.5 87.8 86.3 85.9 :
Canada : 36.4 51.9 53.6 56.9 : : 38.7 48.2 55.2
Chile 95.0 95.6 94.3 95.6 95.5 88.1 87.9 82.2 81.3 80.4
Colombia 95.8 96.4 97.7 97.1 96.5 70.6 69.9 73.3 77.8 78.1
Costa Rica 94.9 97.3 96.4 96.0 96.3 47.8 : : 60.0 :
Dominican Republic 86.3 85.9 82.7 83.6 82.4 46.3 59.9 70.3 67.5 62.2
Ecuador 87.0 96.9 98.6 98.7 98.8 : 57.9 69.0 58.0 72.4
Egypt 96.1 97.0 95.8 95.3 94.6 67.3 54.8 56.9 67.6 71.7
El Salvador 80.2 91.4 91.5 92.2 93.9 25.5 27.3 33.5 37.1 50.0
Georgia 80.3 77.6 76.9 81.9 82.4 81.2 84.1 84.0 85.8 :
Guatemala 91.6 94.2 96.7 96.6 95.9 32.5 31.7 33.5 42.2 :
Honduras 89.9 91.3 90.3 91.3 91.8 56.1 55.4 55.9 50.9 49.8
Israel 90.3 90.8 90.8 90.5 90.0 89.7 86.5 83.0 81.1 83.6
Japan : : : 38.1 59.6 : : : 52.9 63.1
Jordan 69.3 76.0 76.8 82.6 80.1 78.8 73.4 78.3 : :
Kosovo 88.9 92.3 92.0 87.4 88.8 : 59.5 65.7 70.3 71.2
Lebanon 71.6 71.8 74.3 76.0 75.6 75.1 58.4 53.6 52.0 45.8
Madagascar 98.1 98.0 97.7 96.9 97.2 : 30.8 47.7 57.6 52.4
Mexico 59.1 74.6 75.9 73.3 70.4 76.2 75.3 62.9 64.0 64.9
Montenegro 85.7 91.8 74.1 78.2 87.0 85.6 86.2 86.3 86.7 86.6
Morocco 96.6 97.3 97.5 96.9 96.0 75.7 76.2 76.8 76.8 79.9
Nicaragua 93.7 91.5 87.4 92.6 92.0 : : 23.6 18.8 :
North Macedonia 95.1 94.4 92.9 94.6 93.1 89.7 88.4 88.7 89.1 78.6
Norway 64.9 68.4 67.9 67.9 67.4 : 78.7 77.1 68.8 70.2
Panama 59.5 80.8 82.2 80.2 81.3 : : : 30.6 73.2
Peru 95.2 97.2 95.9 96.9 97.5 44.2 50.2 55.1 60.3 65.6
Serbia 88.9 90.6 89.6 89.4 88.5 91.4 91.8 90.5 90.2 89.5
South Africa 78.4 79.9 83.2 84.7 90.0 63.4 59.9 67.3 66.1 60.9
South Korea 86.4 87.5 88.0 89.5 89.7 72.0 72.1 80.7 80.3 :
Switzerland 83.4 84.7 85.6 80.5 76.7 80.2 79.6 78.2 76.1 74.9
Turkey 91.5 90.8 90.9 91.9 91.2 95.3 94.6 89.9 80.8 85.2
Ukraine 89.1 87.3 79.7 88.9 88.7 : 73.2 77.0 77.4 78.2
(:) not available or not applicable.
Sources: Eurostat (EU imports) , DG Trade calculations based on data from national customs administrations (partners imports).

TRADE BY MEMBER STATE
50
EU trade in goods with extra-EU by Member State (billion EUR) REVISED
Exports by Member State of dispatch Imports by Member State of arrival

Member State
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
EU27 1 866.8 1 994.3 2 060.1 2 131.8 1 932.2 1 602.5 1 772.1 1 911.9 1 940.5 1 714.3
Austria 44.6 46.9 49.1 51.3 46.4 34.0 37.8 39.7 39.3 34.9
Belgium 132.6 137.0 138.6 139.4 131.0 140.5 146.2 154.2 153.1 134.8
Bulgaria 8.7 10.8 9.9 10.7 9.6 9.4 11.4 12.2 13.1 11.9
Croatia 4.5 5.3 5.0 5.2 4.9 4.8 5.2 5.6 5.3 5.4
Cyprus 1.7 2.0 3.2 1.8 1.8 2.8 3.7 4.5 3.3 3.1
Czech Republic 31.7 34.0 34.7 36.6 34.0 31.1 35.8 40.3 41.6 40.5
Denmark 38.6 42.1 42.5 46.9 45.9 25.4 28.1 29.1 29.2 26.7
Estonia 3.4 3.9 4.9 4.5 4.8 2.8 3.2 4.2 3.9 3.8
Finland 24.1 27.1 29.2 29.7 26.5 16.5 19.4 21.6 20.4 16.9
France 215.6 226.8 235.0 247.9 198.1 177.3 191.2 203.3 212.1 173.0
Germany 585.6 617.4 624.1 632.0 572.5 360.7 389.0 405.7 407.0 377.1
Greece 12.2 14.5 17.0 16.1 13.1 19.4 22.4 27.0 27.3 21.0
Hungary 20.8 22.4 23.2 23.8 22.8 20.6 24.6 27.8 30.2 29.4
Ireland 73.8 75.6 85.5 95.5 93.8 45.9 50.9 56.7 55.9 53.8
Italy 206.3 222.0 226.0 234.9 211.9 155.5 171.5 186.6 182.6 154.7
Latvia 3.9 4.7 5.3 5.3 5.4 2.9 3.6 4.7 4.2 3.8
Lithuania 9.8 11.9 12.7 13.3 12.6 7.8 9.3 10.5 10.7 8.5
Luxembourg 3.0 2.7 2.6 3.0 2.4 4.7 3.7 2.7 3.6 2.0
Malta 1.8 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 2.9 2.4 2.1 3.0 2.0
Netherlands 173.2 193.7 209.1 219.4 202.0 264.6 300.6 327.0 338.8 304.6
Poland 49.6 54.9 57.3 62.0 62.0 54.9 64.2 74.3 79.4 73.5
Portugal 16.0 17.9 17.5 17.5 15.4 15.4 18.4 20.1 21.0 17.2
Romania 16.8 17.7 18.3 18.4 16.0 16.9 20.0 22.7 23.5 21.2
Slovakia 13.9 14.3 15.1 16.0 15.9 14.3 15.4 16.9 17.0 14.5
Slovenia 7.9 8.8 9.5 11.2 12.8 8.4 10.2 12.2 14.9 15.2
Spain 107.6 114.9 118.8 120.0 104.4 119.5 138.1 149.8 151.0 122.6
Sweden 59.0 63.8 64.9 68.2 65.1 43.4 45.9 50.5 48.9 42.2
Source : Eurostat (Comext).

EU trade in services with extra-EU by Member State (billion EUR) REVISED
Exports Imports
Member State
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
EU27 854.3 931.0 987.6 1 055.3 867.1 780.2 820.5 856.5 982.2 806.6
Austria 15.4 16.2 18.2 19.2 15.6 11.2 12.3 14.1 15.1 12.8
Belgium 39.2 41.4 42.1 41.2 37.6 32.2 31.3 33.5 33.0 30.5
Bulgaria 3.7 3.6 4.0 4.5 2.9 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.2 1.7
Croatia 3.9 4.4 4.9 5.4 2.9 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.8 1.9
Cyprus 7.6 8.3 8.5 9.0 7.3 4.2 4.4 4.6 5.4 5.7
Czech Republic 8.7 9.6 11.2 10.8 9.5 6.2 6.8 7.2 7.6 6.8
Denmark 34.6 38.3 43.0 47.2 41.7 30.2 31.3 34.8 38.0 34.5
Estonia 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.2
Finland 12.8 13.7 13.6 16.4 13.8 9.5 9.5 10.4 12.5 10.1
France 134.8 141.5 143.9 146.0 117.1 103.1 104.8 108.7 113.8 92.5
Germany 156.6 165.4 169.2 176.0 153.7 144.0 154.5 157.1 161.9 131.4
Greece 17.5 20.5 22.7 25.0 15.2 8.8 10.3 11.4 12.1 9.9
Hungary 8.2 8.9 9.7 9.9 6.9 5.2 5.6 5.6 5.5 4.5
Ireland 92.9 114.6 130.3 155.5 160.2 159.0 160.5 154.2 237.9 224.5
Italy 48.3 51.2 54.5 54.1 32.9 42.7 45.5 46.4 46.9 30.6
Latvia 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 1.5 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.9
Lithuania : 3.3 3.5 4.0 3.3 : 2.2 2.5 2.7 2.1
Luxembourg 36.4 37.7 38.6 40.8 40.3 30.3 32.8 35.3 39.2 38.5
Malta : 5.6 6.9 6.5 : : 4.2 4.8 5.7 :
Netherlands 85.6 96.3 106.4 115.6 81.0 102.2 112.9 129.3 140.0 82.1
Poland 16.5 19.5 21.9 23.6 21.2 9.1 10.0 10.8 11.7 10.6
Portugal 11.8 14.0 14.7 15.8 8.8 6.0 6.7 6.9 7.8 5.8
Romania 5.1 5.9 6.5 7.5 6.5 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.2 4.0
Slovakia 2.0 2.5 2.8 3.0 2.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.6
Slovenia 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.3
Spain 60.1 64.0 66.8 70.7 38.7 28.6 30.2 32.8 35.4 24.1
Sweden 37.8 37.6 36.2 39.4 35.9 25.8 28.1 28.1 30.4 28.3
(:) not available - confidential data

Source : Eurostat (bop_its6_tot).
TRADE BY MEMBER STATE 52

Intra-EU trade in goods by Member State, 2020 (%)
Share of intra-EU exports Share of intra-EU imports Share of intra-EU trade Share of MS Share of MS Share of MS
Member State
in total exports in total imports in total trade in total intra-EU exports in total intra-EU imports in total intra-EU trade
EU27 59.5 61.9 60.7 100.0 100.0 100.0

Austria 68.6 76.9 72.8 3.6 4.2 3.9
Belgium 64.4 61.1 62.8 8.3 7.6 8.0
Bulgaria 65.6 61.0 63.2 0.6 0.7 0.7
Croatia 67.3 77.0 73.2 0.4 0.6 0.5
Cyprus 33.7 58.2 51.7 0.0 0.2 0.1
Czech Republic 79.7 72.8 76.5 4.7 3.9 4.3
Denmark 51.6 68.8 59.7 1.7 2.1 1.9
Estonia 66.2 75.2 70.8 0.3 0.4 0.4
Finland 54.2 71.6 63.1 1.1 1.5 1.3
France 53.6 66.1 60.4 8.0 12.1 10.0
Germany 52.6 63.2 57.5 22.3 23.3 22.8
Greece 57.5 57.0 57.2 0.6 1.0 0.8
Hungary 78.3 70.9 74.7 2.9 2.6 2.7
Ireland 40.5 38.1 39.7 2.2 1.2 1.7
Italy 51.1 58.2 54.4 7.8 7.7 7.8
Latvia 62.2 76.0 69.6 0.3 0.4 0.4
Lithuania 56.0 70.6 63.3 0.6 0.7 0.6
Luxembourg 80.3 88.9 85.5 0.3 0.6 0.5
Malta 49.8 57.3 54.8 0.0 0.1 0.1
Netherlands 65.8 41.6 54.4 13.6 7.8 10.8
Poland 73.8 67.3 70.6 6.1 5.4 5.8
Portugal 71.4 74.7 73.2 1.3 1.8 1.6
Romania 74.1 73.6 73.8 1.6 2.1 1.9
Slovakia 79.1 80.4 79.7 2.1 2.1 2.1
Slovenia 67.3 58.6 63.1 0.9 0.8 0.9
Spain 61.1 56.9 58.9 5.8 5.8 5.8
Sweden 52.2 67.8 59.9 2.5 3.2 2.8
Source : Eurostat (Comext).

EU trade with world, extra-EU and intra-EU by Member State, 2020 (billion EUR,%)
Trade in goods Trade in services

with world with extra-EU27 with intra-EU27 with world with extra-EU27 with intra-EU27
Member State Value Value Share of world Value Share of world Value Value Share of world Value Share of world
EU27 9 274.5 3 646.5 39.3% 5 628.0 60.7% 3 268.7 1 673.7 51.2% 1 594.9 48.8%
Austria 298.3 81.2 27.2% 217.0 72.8% 105.7 28.4 26.9% 77.3 73.1%
Belgium 714.4 265.7 37.2% 448.7 62.8% 202.6 68.1 33.6% 134.5 66.4%
Bulgaria 58.6 21.5 36.8% 37.0 63.2% 11.3 4.6 40.6% 6.7 59.4%
Croatia 38.4 10.3 26.8% 28.1 73.2% 12.0 4.8 40.3% 7.2 59.7%
Cyprus 10.2 4.9 48.3% 5.3 51.7% 19.4 13.0 67.1% 6.4 32.9%
Czech Republic 316.9 74.6 23.5% 242.3 76.5% 41.8 16.3 39.1% 25.4 60.9%
Denmark 180.2 72.6 40.3% 107.7 59.7% 126.7 76.1 60.1% 50.6 39.9%
Estonia 29.5 8.6 29.2% 20.9 70.8% 11.1 3.1 27.9% 8.0 72.1%
Finland 117.5 43.4 36.9% 74.1 63.1% 53.2 23.9 44.9% 29.3 55.1%
France 936.6 371.0 39.6% 565.6 60.4% 417.8 209.6 50.2% 208.3 49.8%
Germany 2 231.9 949.6 42.5% 1 282.2 57.5% 542.3 285.1 52.6% 257.3 47.4%
Greece 79.5 34.1 42.8% 45.4 57.2% 38.1 25.1 65.8% 13.1 34.2%
Hungary 206.0 52.2 25.3% 153.8 74.7% 35.2 11.3 32.2% 23.9 67.8%
Ireland 244.6 147.6 60.3% 97.0 39.7% 488.9 384.7 78.7% 104.2 21.3%
Italy 803.5 366.6 45.6% 436.9 54.4% 157.9 63.5 40.2% 94.4 59.8%
Latvia 30.2 9.2 30.4% 21.0 69.6% 7.0 2.4 35.0% 4.5 65.0%
Lithuania 57.6 21.1 36.7% 36.5 63.3% 16.5 5.4 32.9% 11.1 67.1%
Luxembourg 30.4 4.4 14.5% 26.0 85.5% 172.8 78.7 45.6% 94.0 54.4%
Malta 6.9 3.1 45.2% 3.8 54.8% 25.5 : : : :
Netherlands 1 112.1 506.6 45.6% 605.4 54.4% 311.6 163.1 52.3% 148.5 47.7%
Poland 461.7 135.5 29.4% 326.1 70.6% 94.1 31.9 33.9% 62.2 66.1%
Portugal 121.7 32.6 26.8% 89.1 73.2% 36.2 14.6 40.3% 21.6 59.7%
Romania 142.3 37.2 26.2% 105.0 73.8% 38.1 10.5 27.5% 27.6 72.5%
Slovakia 149.6 30.4 20.3% 119.3 79.7% 16.7 4.0 24.2% 12.6 75.8%
Slovenia 76.0 28.1 36.9% 48.0 63.1% 11.8 2.9 24.6% 8.9 75.4%
Spain 552.6 227.0 41.1% 325.6 58.9% 131.7 62.8 47.6% 69.0 52.4%
Sweden 267.3 107.2 40.1% 160.0 59.9% 121.2 64.2 53.0% 57.0 47.0%
(:) not available - confidential data

Source : Eurostat (Comext, bop_its6_tot).
TRADE BY MEMBER STATE 54

EU enterprises exporting goods to extra-EU by Member State, 2018 (number, export value, share in total)
Share of exporting SMEs in total exporting

Total exports SMEs exports
enterprises
Member State
Nb enterprises ('000) Value (billion EUR) Nb enterprises ('000) Value (billion EUR) Nb enterprises (%) Value (%)
EU27 648.8 1 485.2 604.0 472.2 93.1% 31.8%

Austria 15.4 42.1 14.6 11.9 94.5% 28.1%
Belgium 16.1 72.9 10.9 39.8 67.6% 54.7%
Bulgaria 8.2 8.4 7.9 3.1 96.0% 37.4%
Croatia 6.7 4.0 5.5 1.6 81.5% 40.4%
Cyprus 1.2 2.7 0.7 1.7 59.5% 63.6%
Czech Republic 12.6 17.8 10.6 4.6 84.4% 25.9%
Denmark 16.8 33.1 14.3 12.3 84.7% 37.3%
Estonia : : : : : :
Finland 9.1 25.4 8.6 8.1 94.3% 31.9%
France 77.5 176.4 63.1 34.1 81.5% 19.3%
Germany 101.8 489.6 96.3 86.5 94.6% 17.7%
Greece 12.1 15.5 11.8 5.0 97.6% 32.3%
Hungary 7.7 12.7 7.2 3.7 93.4% 28.9%
Ireland 3.2 66.8 3.0 18.6 92.4% 27.8%
Italy 119.4 184.6 117.5 93.4 98.4% 50.6%
Latvia 3.5 3.2 3.4 2.0 97.2% 60.8%
Lithuania 8.0 7.0 7.7 3.1 97.2% 43.9%
Luxembourg 1.1 1.8 0.8 0.4 78.1% 23.3%
Malta 0.6 1.2 0.6 0.5 94.4% 44.1%
Netherlands 30.6 105.4 29.6 57.9 96.7% 55.0%
Poland 39.5 31.7 37.3 10.5 94.5% 33.1%
Portugal 19.7 12.4 18.9 6.1 95.9% 48.9%
Romania 8.0 13.7 7.3 3.4 91.0% 25.1%
Slovakia 3.7 10.4 3.3 1.6 91.1% 15.3%
Slovenia 6.9 6.3 6.7 2.9 97.4% 45.7%
Spain 88.1 86.2 85.9 41.7 97.4% 48.4%
Sweden 31.5 53.7 30.6 17.6 97.2% 32.9%
Warning: EU27 enterprises exporting to the UK only but not to other extra-EU27 partners are not considered.
(:) not available.
Source : Eurostat (ext_tec01).

SPECIAL TOPICS
56
COVID-19 : impact on EU merchandise trade
EU27 merchandise trade with Extra-EU27 2010-2020

EU merchandise trade - 2010-2020 year-on-year growth
billion € annual growth (%)
Year Imports Exports Total Balance Imports Exports Total
23%
Exports
2010 1 471 1 436 2 907 -35 23% 21% 22% Imports
2011 1 666 1 624 3 291 -42 13% 13% 13% 21%
2012 1 702 1 771 3 473 68 2% 9% 6%
2013 1 631 1 780 3 411 149 -4% 1% -2%
2014 1 625 1 797 3 422 171 0% 1% 0% 3%
2015 1 648 1 876 3 524 228 1% 4% 3% 0
2016 1 602 1 867 3 469 264 -3% -1% -2%
1%
2017 1 772 1 994 3 766 222 11% 7% 9% -9%
2018 1 912 2 060 3 972 148 8% 3% 5% -12%
2019 1 941 2 132 4 072 191 1% 3% 3%
2020 1 714 1 932 3 647 218 -12% -9% -10% 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
3% EU27 merchandise trade with Extra-EU27: 12-month rolling sums 2019-2021

EU merchandise trade - 12-month rolling sums 2019-2021 billion € year-on-year growth
year-on-year growth Period Imports Exports Total Balance Imports Exports Total
1% 0 Jan 19 .. Dec 19 1 941 2 132 4 072 191 1% 3% 3%
Feb 19 .. Jan 20 1 940 2 132 4 072 192 1% 3% 2%
Mar 19 .. Feb 20 1 935 2 134 4 069 199 0% 3% 2%
-4%
Apr 19 .. Mar 20 1 917 2 124 4 042 207 -1% 2% 1%
May 19 .. Apr 20 1 880 2 074 3 954 195 -4% -1% -2%
Jun 19 .. May 20 1 837 2 019 3 856 183 -6% -4% -5%
-9% Jul 19 .. Jun 20 1 817 2 003 3 820 186 -7% -4% -6%
-7%
Aug 19 .. Jul 20 1 791 1 982 3 772 191 -8% -6% -7%
Imports Sep 19 .. Aug 20 1 767 1 959 3 726 192 -9% -7% -8%
Exports Oct 19 .. Sep 20 1 754 1 952 3 706 198 -10% -8% -9%
-12% Nov 19 .. Oct 20 1 729 1 932 3 660 203 -11% -9% -10%
Dec 19 .. Nov 20 1 719 1 929 3 648 210 -11% -9% -10%
Nov 19 .. Oct 20
Mar 19 .. Feb 20
Apr 19 .. Mar 20
Mar 20 .. Feb 21
Apr 20 .. Mar 21
Dec 19 .. Nov 20
Jan 19 .. Dec 19
May 19 .. Apr 20
Jun 19 .. May 20
Sep 19 .. Aug 20
May 20 .. Apr 21
Jan 20 .. Dec 20
Jul 19 .. Jun 20
Feb 19 .. Jan 20
Feb 20 .. Jan 21
Oct 19 .. Sep 20
Aug 19 .. Jul 20
Jan 20 .. Dec 20 1 714 1 932 3 647 218 -12% -9% -10%

Feb 20 .. Jan 21 1 686 1 915 3 601 229 -13% -10% -12%
Mar 20 .. Feb 21 1 682 1 909 3 591 228 -13% -11% -12%
Apr 20 .. Mar 21 1 710 1 928 3 638 218 -11% -9% -10%
May 20 .. Apr 21 1 751 1 982 3 733 231 -7% -4% -6%

Brexit: EU27 Merchandise trade in the first 4 months of 2021 compared to the same period in previous years
Flow EU imports EU exports EU total
Partner Total UK Rest Total UK Rest Total UK Rest
Period billion € billion € billion €
Jan-Apr 18 613.5 64.7 548.8 664.1 106.4 557.7 1 277.6 171.0 1 106.5
Jan-Apr 19 650.3 67.0 583.4 695.5 113.0 582.5 1 345.9 180.0 1 165.9
Jan-Apr 20 589.7 57.2 532.5 638.1 90.9 547.3 1 227.8 148.1 1 079.8
Jan-Apr 21 626.6 41.7 584.9 688.1 87.9 600.2 1 314.7 129.6 1 185.1
Jan-Apr 21 growth % growth % growth %

% Jan-Apr 18 2.1% -35.5% 6.6% 3.6% -17.4% 7.6% 2.9% -24.2% 7.1%
% Jan-Apr 19 -3.6% -37.7% 0.3% -1.1% -22.3% 3.0% -2.3% -28.0% 1.6%
% Jan-Apr 20 6.3% -27.1% 9.8% 7.8% -3.3% 9.7% 7.1% -12.5% 9.8%
Source : Eurostat EXT_ST_EU27_2020SITC Data for UK latest month estimated by Eurostat
Brexit: Monthly EU merchandise trade with UK and other Extra-EU partners (billion €, month on month growth)
Flow EU imports EU exports EU total
Partner Total UK Rest Total UK Rest Total UK Rest
Month billion €, % growth billion €, % growth billion €, % growth
dec-20 145.3 15.7 129.6 175.3 24.6 150.7 320.6 40.4 280.3
growth -3.6% -59.3% 3.2% -15.1% -25.3% -13.4% -9.9% -38.5% -5.7%
jan-21 140.1 6.4 133.7 148.9 18.4 130.5 289.0 24.8 264.2
growth 2.6% 60.6% -0.2% 10.7% 16.3% 9.9% 6.8% 27.7% 4.8%
feb-21 143.7 10.3 133.5 164.8 21.4 143.4 308.6 31.7 276.9
growth 23.0% 30.0% 22.4% 18.5% 20.0% 18.2% 20.6% 23.2% 20.3%
mar-21 176.8 13.3 163.4 195.3 25.7 169.6 372.0 39.0 333.0
growth -6.1% -12.3% -5.5% -8.3% -13.1% -7.6% -7.2% -12.8% -6.6%
apr-21 166.0 11.7 154.3 179.0 22.3 156.7 345.1 34.0 311.0
Source : Eurostat EXT_ST_EU27_2020SITC. Data for UK latest month estimated by Eurostat
Note: Since January 2021, EU trade with UK (except Northern Ireland) based on Customs data.
SPECIAL TOPICS 58
Brexit: EU27 Merchandise trade in the first 4 months of 2021 by partner and by SITC sector compared to the same period in previous years
EU Imports % change compared EU exports % change compared EU total % change compared
Jan-Apr 21 to Jan-Apr Jan-Apr 21 to Jan-Apr Jan-Apr 21 to Jan-Apr
million € 2020 2019 2018 million € 2020 2019 2018 million € 2020 2019 2018
EU27 trade by partner Sector : TOTAL All products
Extra-EU27 626 619 6.3 -3.6 2.1 688 055 7.8 -1.1 3.6 1 314 674 7.1 -2.3 2.9
China 139 436 22.4 19.6 30.7 73 863 21.9 15.1 26.6 213 299 22.3 18.0 29.3
USA 71 369 -7.5 -8.5 5.8 125 419 3.7 0.3 11.0 196 787 -0.7 -3.1 9.1
United Kingdom 41 701 -27.1 -37.7 -35.5 87 882 -3.3 -22.3 -17.4 129 583 -12.5 -28.0 -24.2
Switzerland 38 944 3.2 10.8 18.9 51 611 9.0 6.0 16.0 90 555 6.4 8.0 17.2
Russia 42 512 12.4 -17.9 -16.8 27 841 7.6 3.7 5.5 70 353 10.5 -10.5 -9.2
Turkey 24 728 20.6 3.8 10.4 26 314 19.4 21.7 2.7 51 041 20.0 12.3 6.3
Japan 20 399 2.3 -7.0 2.0 19 868 2.3 -3.0 8.9 40 267 2.3 -5.0 5.3
Norway 18 332 19.9 -5.9 -2.8 17 568 12.4 2.3 11.1 35 900 16.1 -2.0 3.6
South Korea 17 597 15.9 11.2 21.3 16 826 10.8 18.3 12.6 34 422 13.3 14.5 16.9
India 14 325 14.5 0.1 9.4 13 533 35.7 8.0 8.6 27 858 23.9 3.8 9.0
EU27 trade by SITC sector Partner : United Kingdom
TOTAL 41 701 -27.1 -37.7 -35.5 87 882 -3.3 -22.3 -17.4 129 583 -12.5 -28.0 -24.2
0 - Food and live animals 2 617 -35.8 -42.5 -39.3 9 652 -10.4 -14.0 -8.4 12 269 -17.4 -22.2 -17.4
1 - Beverages and tobacco 637 -23.4 -39.7 -30.3 1 556 -3.2 -22.2 -4.0 2 192 -10.1 -28.2 -13.5
2 - Crude materials, inedible, except fuels 1 278 23.6 -1.0 3.5 3 171 64.4 36.4 53.7 4 449 50.2 23.1 34.9
3 - Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials 4 808 -20.5 -33.6 -36.3 2 775 49.7 -17.4 -30.7 7 583 -4.0 -28.5 -34.4
4 - Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes 106 -50.7 -43.4 -32.7 290 -8.3 -9.9 -20.7 396 -25.4 -22.2 -24.3
5 - Chemicals and related prod, n.e.s. 7 693 -31.1 -35.3 -37.7 13 084 -11.6 -28.5 -16.0 20 777 -20.0 -31.2 -25.6
6 - Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material 5 016 -8.1 -23.3 -21.8 11 050 4.4 -13.9 -8.2 16 066 0.2 -17.1 -12.9
7 - Machinery and transport equipment 13 544 -31.6 -44.0 -40.0 34 457 -3.7 -25.3 -23.3 48 001 -13.6 -31.7 -28.9
8 - Miscellaneous manufactured articles 4 069 -39.7 -51.6 -45.1 10 159 -8.5 -29.0 -19.5 14 228 -20.3 -37.4 -29.0
9 - Commodities and transactions n.c.e. 1 934 5.6 20.3 10.8 1 689 -21.2 -25.1 -35.1 3 623 -8.8 -6.2 -16.7
Source : Eurostat EXT_ST_EU27_2020SITC. Data for UK latest month estimated by Eurostat
Note: Since January 2021, EU trade with UK (except Northern Ireland) based on Customs data.

SUPPORT STATISTICS
60
GDP (current price, billion EUR)
Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
World 49 967 52 819 58 305 58 041 59 582 67 541 68 804 71 553 72 729 78 022 74 013
EU27 10 986 11 318 11 395 11 517 11 782 12 212 12 546 13 059 13 524 13 967 13 279
Australia 944 1 087 1 221 1 143 1 097 1 113 1 144 1 226 1 203 1 243 1 190
Brazil 1 666 1 878 1 918 1 861 1 849 1 622 1 623 1 827 1 623 1 677 1 256
Canada 1 220 1 288 1 423 1 390 1 359 1 403 1 380 1 460 1 458 1 556 1 439
China 4 551 5 382 6 647 7 247 7 922 10 017 10 143 10 857 11 720 12 810 12 890
Hong Kong 172 179 204 208 219 279 290 302 306 327 306
India 1 289 1 310 1 423 1 398 1 535 1 896 2 073 2 347 2 287 2 564 2 372
Japan 4 344 4 478 4 882 3 925 3 686 4 006 4 520 4 365 4 265 4 599 4 420
Malaysia 195 217 248 247 258 272 272 282 304 326 296
Mexico 798 848 935 960 990 1 056 974 1 026 1 035 1 133 942
Russia 1 232 1 470 1 706 1 723 1 542 1 223 1 157 1 394 1 400 1 509 1 290
Singapore 181 201 230 232 237 278 288 304 318 334 298
South Korea 863 900 995 1 032 1 117 1 321 1 355 1 437 1 461 1 471 1 428
Switzerland 455 518 539 537 553 633 628 624 624 654 654
Thailand 257 266 310 317 307 362 374 404 429 486 439
Turkey 586 602 685 721 706 779 785 760 660 680 630
United Arab Emirates 219 252 292 294 303 323 323 341 358 376 310
United Kingdom 1 874 1 911 2 105 2 097 2 309 2 644 2 442 2 359 2 423 2 531 2 373
USA 11 309 11 166 12 607 12 638 13 193 16 438 16 935 17 299 17 453 19 145 18 327
Vietnam 108 123 152 160 175 213 228 245 257 294 298
Sources: IMF (World Economic Outlook, April 2021), EUR/USD exchange rate from Eurostat.

GDP (current price, billion EUR)
Member state 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
EU27 10 986 11 318 11 395 11 517 11 782 12 212 12 546 13 059 13 524 13 967 13 279
Austria 296 310 319 324 333 344 358 369 386 398 375
Belgium 363 376 386 393 403 417 430 445 461 476 449
Bulgaria 38 41 42 42 43 46 49 52 56 61 60
Croatia 45 45 44 44 43 45 47 49 52 54 50
Cyprus 19 20 19 18 17 18 19 20 21 22 21
Czech Republic 158 165 163 159 158 169 177 194 211 224 211
Denmark 243 247 255 259 266 273 283 294 302 313 308
Estonia 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 26 28 27
Finland 188 198 201 204 207 211 217 226 234 240 237
France 1 997 2 058 2 090 2 117 2 150 2 199 2 234 2 296 2 363 2 427 2 275
Germany 2 567 2 693 2 747 2 811 2 928 3 027 3 134 3 259 3 358 3 449 3 330
Greece 224 203 189 180 177 176 174 177 180 183 166
Hungary 100 102 100 102 106 113 116 127 136 146 135
Ireland 168 171 175 179 195 263 270 299 327 356 367
Italy 1 613 1 648 1 625 1 613 1 628 1 656 1 695 1 736 1 772 1 791 1 650
Latvia 18 21 22 23 24 25 25 27 29 30 29
Lithuania 28 31 33 35 37 37 39 42 46 49 49
Luxembourg 40 43 44 47 50 52 55 57 60 64 64
Malta 7 7 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 13
Netherlands 640 650 653 660 672 690 708 738 774 810 796
Poland 362 380 388 392 408 430 427 466 497 532 520
Portugal 180 176 168 170 173 180 186 196 205 214 203
Romania 125 132 133 144 151 160 170 187 204 223 216
Slovakia 68 71 74 74 76 80 81 85 90 94 91
Slovenia 36 37 36 36 38 39 40 43 46 48 46
Spain 1 074 1 064 1 032 1 020 1 032 1 078 1 114 1 161 1 205 1 245 1 119
Sweden 374 412 430 442 438 455 466 479 470 475 471
Sources: IMF (World Economic Outlook, April 2021), EUR/USD exchange rate from Eurostat.
SUPPORT STATISTICS 62
Share in world GDP (PPP, %)
Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
World 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
EU27 16.3 15.9 15.4 15.2 15.1 15.3 15.6 15.7 15.5 15.4 15.0
Australia 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Brazil 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4
Canada 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4
China 13.7 14.4 15.1 15.5 15.8 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.8 17.3 18.3
Hong Kong 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3
India 5.8 5.9 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.4 6.7 6.8 7.0 7.1 6.8
Japan 5.1 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.0
Malaysia 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7
Mexico 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9
Russia 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1
Singapore 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
South Korea 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8
Switzerland 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Thailand 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Turkey 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.9
United Arab Emirates 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
United Kingdom 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.2
USA 16.7 16.3 16.2 16.0 16.1 16.4 16.2 16.1 16.0 15.9 15.9
Vietnam 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8
PPP: purchasing power parity.

Source: IMF (World Economic Outlook, April 2021).

Share in world GDP of selected countries (PPP, %)
China 13.7 China 16.1 China 18.3
USA 16.7
USA 16.4
USA 15.9
EU27 16.3
EU27 15.3
EU27 15.0
India 5.8
India 6.4
India 6.8
Japan 5.1
Japan 4.7
Russia 3.4 Japan 4.0
Russia 3.2 Russia 3.1
Rest of the world 39.1 Rest of the world 38.0 Rest of the world 36.9
2010 2015 2020

Source : IMF (World Economic Outlook, April 2021).
GDP per capita (PPP, billion EUR)
Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
World 9 736 9 764 10 999 11 032 11 314 13 678 14 093 14 387 14 438 15 748 14 979
EU27 25 157 24 869 27 303 27 306 28 067 34 646 36 861 38 157 38 170 41 617 38 689
Australia 31 446 30 955 33 395 35 017 35 392 41 827 43 489 44 037 43 660 47 086 45 246
Brazil 10 832 10 855 11 768 11 798 11 893 13 354 12 943 12 921 12 778 13 805 13 059
Canada 30 183 29 969 32 963 33 401 34 484 40 291 42 058 43 098 42 648 45 986 42 655
China 6 914 7 324 8 701 9 007 9 466 11 724 12 219 12 617 13 140 14 881 15 051
Hong Kong 36 955 37 355 40 537 40 248 41 103 50 714 51 411 52 825 52 696 55 620 52 110
India 3 154 3 228 3 784 3 808 3 940 4 926 5 276 5 473 5 652 6 245 5 657
Japan 26 802 26 017 29 288 29 694 29 811 36 917 36 716 36 655 36 177 39 044 36 988
Malaysia 15 481 15 590 17 873 17 487 18 271 21 698 22 387 22 924 23 264 25 943 23 991
Mexico 11 977 11 902 13 397 13 123 13 639 16 568 17 546 17 645 17 482 18 576 16 748
Russia 16 044 16 367 18 897 19 611 19 368 21 688 21 776 23 014 23 192 25 413 24 429
Singapore 56 796 57 509 63 874 62 497 63 548 78 391 80 782 84 403 85 166 91 624 84 973
South Korea 23 372 23 381 26 119 25 784 26 590 34 166 35 746 36 294 36 411 39 815 39 066
Switzerland 42 703 41 863 46 914 47 180 48 563 59 847 61 851 61 833 61 936 66 766 63 801
Thailand 9 954 9 712 11 575 11 601 11 652 14 261 15 011 15 423 15 690 17 181 15 966
Turkey 13 106 13 980 15 959 16 732 18 024 23 156 23 953 25 000 24 846 26 551 26 486
United Arab Emirates 50 632 51 107 56 078 53 969 54 894 56 556 54 889 55 647 53 616 56 802 51 438
United Kingdom 27 334 26 691 29 808 30 077 31 082 38 380 39 860 40 651 40 077 43 415 38 624
USA 36 512 35 797 40 133 39 961 41 419 51 238 52 414 53 205 53 392 58 288 55 521
Vietnam 4 040 4 185 4 982 5 092 5 481 6 882 7 513 8 042 8 347 9 411 9 516

Sources: IMF (World Economic Outlook, April 2021), World Bank WDI.

Euro exchange rates with main national currencies (units of national currency per euro)
Currency 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
AUD Australian dollar 1.4423 1.3484 1.2407 1.3777 1.4719 1.4777 1.4883 1.4732 1.5797 1.6109 1.6549
BRL Brazilian real 2.3314 2.3265 2.5084 2.8687 3.1211 3.7004 3.8561 3.6054 4.3085 4.4134 5.8943
CAD Canadian dollar 1.3651 1.3761 1.2842 1.3684 1.4661 1.4186 1.4659 1.4647 1.5294 1.4855 1.5300
CHF Swiss franc 1.3803 1.2326 1.2053 1.2311 1.2146 1.0679 1.0902 1.1117 1.1550 1.1124 1.0705
CNY Chinese renminbi-yuan 8.9712 8.9960 8.1052 8.1646 8.1857 6.9733 7.3522 7.6290 7.8081 7.7355 7.8747
GBP Pound sterling 0.8578 0.8679 0.8109 0.8493 0.8061 0.7258 0.8195 0.8767 0.8847 0.8778 0.8897
HKD Hong Kong dollar 10.2994 10.8362 9.9663 10.3016 10.3025 8.6014 8.5922 8.8045 9.2559 8.7715 8.8587
INR Indian rupee 60.5878 64.8859 68.5973 77.9300 81.0406 71.1956 74.3717 73.5324 80.7332 78.8361 84.6392
JPY Japanese yen 116.24 110.96 102.49 129.66 140.31 134.31 120.20 126.71 130.40 122.01 121.85
KRW South Korean won 1 531.82 1 541.23 1 447.69 1 453.91 1 398.14 1 256.54 1 284.18 1 276.74 1 299.07 1 305.32 1 345.58
MXN Mexican peso 16.74 17.29 16.90 16.96 17.66 17.62 20.67 21.33 22.71 21.56 24.52
MYR Malaysian ringgit 4.2668 4.2558 3.9672 4.1855 4.3446 4.3373 4.5835 4.8527 4.7634 4.6374 4.7959
PLN Polish zloty 3.9947 4.1206 4.1847 4.1975 4.1843 4.1841 4.3632 4.2570 4.2615 4.2976 4.4430
RUB Russian rouble 40.2629 40.8846 39.9262 42.3370 50.9518 68.0720 74.1446 65.9383 74.0416 72.4553 82.7248
SGD Singapore dollar 1.8055 1.7489 1.6055 1.6619 1.6823 1.5255 1.5275 1.5588 1.5926 1.5273 1.5742
THB Thai baht 42.0145 42.4288 39.9276 40.8297 43.1469 38.0278 39.0428 38.2958 38.1644 34.7569 35.7081
TRY Turkish lira 1.9965 2.3378 2.3135 2.5335 2.9065 3.0255 3.3433 4.1206 5.7077 6.3578 8.0547
USD US dollar 1.3257 1.3920 1.2848 1.3281 1.3285 1.1095 1.1069 1.1297 1.1810 1.1195 1.1422
Source : Eurostat (ert_bil_eur_a).
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
DG Trade
Chief Economist, Trade Analysis and Evaluation Unit
Statistics Sector
E-mail: trade-statistics@ec.europa.eu
LEGAL NOTICE
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Print ISBN 978-92-76-40793-5 ISSN 1977-7949 DOI 10.2781/118551 NG-AA-21-001-EN-C
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Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.

This Trade Statistical Guide contains selected tables and graphs that outline the current state of and recent developments in
the European Union’s (EU’s) foreign trade, i.e. its trade with the rest of the world. It has been compiled for the benefit of the
Directorate-General for Trade’s (DG Trade’s) policymakers.
Trade
Print PDF
ISBN 978-92-76-40793-5 ISBN 978-92-76-40794-2
ISSN 1977-7949 ISSN 1977-7957
doi: 10.2781/118551 doi: 10.2781/63565
NG-AA-21-001-EN-C NG-AA-21-001-EN-N

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DG Trade

FINDING INFORMATION ABOUT THE EU

In this guide, the EU is defined as the current EU of 27 Member States.

Brussels, August 2021

SECTION 4 - TRADE BY MEMBER STATE  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 50

Note on data presentation:

9 Trade Statistical Guide - August 2021

■ Trade under outward processing procedures:

TRADE IN GOODS: INTRA-EU AND EXTRA-EU TRADE FLOWS

PREFERENCE UTILISATION RATE (PUR)

11 Trade Statistical Guide - August 2021

Coverage: excluding intra-EU trade.

13 Trade Statistical Guide - August 2021

Coverage: excluding intra-EU trade.

Coverage: excluding intra-EU trade.

15 Trade Statistical Guide - August 2021

Coverage: excluding intra-EU trade.

Coverage: excluding intra-EU trade.

17 Trade Statistical Guide - August 2021

Coverage: excluding intra-EU trade.

Coverage: excluding intra-EU trade.

19 Trade Statistical Guide - August 2021

Coverage: excluding intra-EU trade.

Coverage: excluding intra-EU trade.

21 Trade Statistical Guide - August 2021

Coverage: excluding intra-EU trade.

Goods Services Goods and services

Coverage: excluding intra-EU trade.

23 Trade Statistical Guide - August 2021

Coverage: excluding intra-EU trade.

Source : IMF DOTS.

25 Trade Statistical Guide - August 2021

FDI inward stocks FDI outward stocks

Coverage: including intra-EU stocks.

27 Trade Statistical Guide - August 2021

FDI inflows FDI outflows

Coverage: including intra-EU flows.

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) and FOREIGN AFFILIATES STATISTICS (FATS) 28

Number of enterprises by controlling country:

29 Trade Statistical Guide - August 2021

Source : Eurostat (fats_g1b_08).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) and FOREIGN AFFILIATES STATISTICS (FATS) 30

Number of enterprises by partner country: United States

31 Trade Statistical Guide - August 2021

Number of persons employed by partner country: United States

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) and FOREIGN AFFILIATES STATISTICS (FATS) 32

Rank Leading sources Inflows Rank Leading destinations Outflows

Extra-EU27 159.6 Extra-EU27 134.0

Extra-EU27 7 138.3 100.0% Extra-EU27 8 989.6 100.0%

Coverage: including Special Purpose Entities.

33 Trade Statistical Guide - August 2021

Mineral fuels, lubricants and related

Manufactured goods classified chiefly by

n.c.e. = not classified elsewhere.

35 Trade Statistical Guide - August 2021

Mineral fuels, lubricants and related

Manufactured goods classified chiefly by

n.c.e. = not classified elsewhere.

SITC 0 Food and live animals

SITC 4 Animal and vegetable oils,

SITC 6 Manufactured goods

Source: Eurostat (Comext, Statistical regime 4).

37 Trade Statistical Guide - August 2021

SECTION 4 - TRADE BY MEMBER STATE � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 50