Mathematics (Higher 2) 9740/01

A-LEVEL H2 MATHS 2011 – PAPER 1

Question 1
[ Ans: −2 < 𝑥𝑥 < 1 ]
x + x +1
2
<0
x2 + x − 2
1 2 3
�𝑥𝑥 + 2� +
4 < 0, 𝑥𝑥 ≠ −2, 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 1
(𝑥𝑥 + 2)(𝑥𝑥 − 1)
1
<0
(𝑥𝑥 + 2)(𝑥𝑥 − 1)

1
(𝑥𝑥 + 2)(𝑥𝑥 − 1) + − +
−2 1

∴ −2 < 𝑥𝑥 < 1

Question 2
[ Ans: (i) 𝑎𝑎 = 0.215, 𝑏𝑏 = −0.490, 𝑐𝑐 = 3.281 (ii) {𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥𝑥 ≥ 1.14} ]
(i) 𝑓𝑓(−1.5) = 4.5
2.25𝑎𝑎 − 1.5𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐 = 4.5 (1)

𝑓𝑓(2.1) = 3.2
4.41𝑎𝑎 + 2.1𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐 = 3.2 (2)

𝑓𝑓(3.4) = 4.1
11.56𝑎𝑎 + 3.4𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐 = 4.1 (3)

Solving (1), (2) and (3) using GC,

𝑎𝑎 = 0.215, 𝑏𝑏 = −0.490, 𝑐𝑐 = 3.281

(ii) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 0.21498𝑥𝑥 2 − 0.49010𝑥𝑥 + 3.2811

𝑓𝑓 ′ (𝑥𝑥) = 0.42996𝑥𝑥 − 0.49010

For 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) to be increasing, let 𝑓𝑓 ′ (𝑥𝑥) ≥ 0

0.42996𝑥𝑥 − 0.49010 ≥ 0
𝑥𝑥 ≥ 1.1399

∴ {𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥𝑥 ≥ 1.14}

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Question 3
 3 27
[ Ans: (i) 𝑝𝑝3 𝑦𝑦 = −𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑝𝑝2 (ii) 𝑄𝑄(3𝑝𝑝2 , 0), R 0,  (iii) y 2 = ]
 p 8x
dx dy 2
(i) = 2t , =− 2
dt dt t
2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − �𝑡𝑡 2 1
= =− 3
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2𝑡𝑡 𝑡𝑡
 2
At  p 2 , ,
 p 
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1
=− 3
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑝𝑝
Equation of tangent:
2 1
𝑦𝑦 − = − 3 (𝑥𝑥 − 𝑝𝑝2 )
𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝
𝑝𝑝3 𝑦𝑦 − 2𝑝𝑝2 = −𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑝2
𝑝𝑝3 𝑦𝑦 = −𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑝𝑝2

(ii) When 𝑦𝑦 = 0,
0 = −𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑝𝑝2
𝑥𝑥 = 3𝑝𝑝2
∴ 𝑄𝑄(3𝑝𝑝2 , 0)
When 𝑥𝑥 = 0,
3
𝑝𝑝3 𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑝𝑝2 ⇒ 𝑦𝑦 =
𝑝𝑝
3
∴ 𝑅𝑅 �0, �
𝑝𝑝

 3 p2 3 
(iii) Midpoint of 𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄  , 
 2 2 p 
2
3p 3 3
Let x = , y= ⇒ p=
2 2p 2y
3 3 2
𝑥𝑥 = � �
2 2𝑦𝑦
27 27
𝑥𝑥 = 2 ⇒ 𝑦𝑦 2 =
8𝑦𝑦 8𝑥𝑥

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Question 4
[ Ans: (i) 1 − 3𝑥𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑥 4 (ii)(a) 0.540 (b) 0.475; explain ]
(i) 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = cos 6 𝑥𝑥
6
𝑥𝑥 2 𝑥𝑥 4
𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) ≈ �1 − + �
2! 4!
6
𝑥𝑥 2 𝑥𝑥 4
≈ �1 + �− + ��
2 24
2
𝑥𝑥 2 𝑥𝑥 4 (6)(5) 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑥𝑥 4
≈ 1 + 6 �− + � + �− + �
2 24 2! 2 24
4 4
𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥
≈ 1 − 3𝑥𝑥 2 + + 15 � �
4 4
2 4
≈ 1 − 3𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑥𝑥

∫ g (x )dx
a
(ii) (a)
0
𝑎𝑎
≈ � 1 − 3𝑥𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑥 4 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0
𝑎𝑎
4
≈ �𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑥 5 �
5 0
4
≈ 𝑎𝑎 − 𝑎𝑎3 + 𝑎𝑎5
5
1
4
𝜋𝜋
1 1 3 4 1 5
� 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 ≈ � 𝜋𝜋� − � 𝜋𝜋� + � 𝜋𝜋� ≈ 0.540
0 4 4 5 4

(b) From GC,

1
𝜋𝜋
4
� 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0.475
0

The approximation in (a) is not very good probably because the expansion was
only performed in ascending powers of 𝑥𝑥 and up to 𝑥𝑥 4 . Therefore it would have
been better if the limits of the integral is either closer to 0 or the expansion includes
even higher powers of 𝑥𝑥.

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Question 5
[ Ans: (i) sketch (ii) {𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 2} (iii) 2 + √5 ]
(i) From GC,

𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(|𝑥𝑥|) 𝑦𝑦 = |𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)|

2 2
−2 2 2

(ii) From graph, for 𝑓𝑓(|𝑥𝑥|) = |𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)|,

{𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 2}

f ( x )dx = ∫ f (x )dx
1 a
(iii) ∫−1 1

1 2 𝑎𝑎
� 2 + |𝑥𝑥| 𝑑𝑑 = � 2 − 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + � −(2 − 𝑥𝑥) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
−1 1 2
1 1 2 𝑎𝑎
3 = + �−2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥 �
2 2 2
1 2 1 5
�−2𝑎𝑎 + 𝑎𝑎 � − �−2(2) + (2)2 � − = 0
2 2 2
1 2 1
𝑎𝑎 − 2𝑎𝑎 − = 0
2 2
2
𝑎𝑎 − 4𝑎𝑎 − 1 = 0
4 ± �16 − 4(−1) 4 ± √20
𝑎𝑎 = =
2 2
𝑎𝑎 = 2 ± √5
𝑎𝑎 = 2 + √5 (∵ 𝑎𝑎 > 2)

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Question 6
1   1 1 
[ Ans: (i) prove (ii) sin  n + θ − sin θ  (iii) prove ]
2 sin θ   2
1 2 
2
 1  1
(i) sin  r + θ − sin  r − θ
 2  2
1 1 1 1
= sin 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 cos 𝜃𝜃 + cos 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 sin 𝜃𝜃 − �sin 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 cos 𝜃𝜃 − cos 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 sin 𝜃𝜃�
2 2 2 2
1
= 2 cos 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 sin 𝜃𝜃
2
(shown)

n
(ii) ∑ cos rθ
r =1
𝑛𝑛 1 1
sin �𝑟𝑟 + 2� 𝜃𝜃 − sin �𝑟𝑟 − 2� 𝜃𝜃
=�
1
𝑟𝑟=1 2 sin 2 𝜃𝜃
𝑛𝑛
1 1 1
= � �sin �𝑟𝑟 + � 𝜃𝜃 − sin �𝑟𝑟 − � 𝜃𝜃�
1 2 2
2 sin 2 𝜃𝜃 𝑟𝑟=1
1 3 1
= [sin 𝜃𝜃 − sin 𝜃𝜃
1 2 2
2 sin 𝜃𝜃
2
5 3
+ sin 𝜃𝜃 − sin 𝜃𝜃
2 2
7 5
+ sin 𝜃𝜃 − sin 𝜃𝜃
2 2
⋮
1 3
+ sin �𝑛𝑛 − � 𝜃𝜃 − sin �𝑛𝑛 − � 𝜃𝜃
2 2
1 1
+ sin �𝑛𝑛 + � 𝜃𝜃 − sin �𝑛𝑛 − � 𝜃𝜃]
2 2
1 1 1
= �sin �𝑛𝑛 + � 𝜃𝜃 − sin 𝜃𝜃�
1 2 2
2 sin 2 𝜃𝜃

1  1
cos θ − cos n + θ
 2  , 𝑛𝑛 ∈ ℤ+
n
(iii) Let 𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 : ∑ sin rθ =
2
1
r =1
2 sin θ
2
𝑛𝑛

𝑃𝑃1 : 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = � sin 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = sin 𝜃𝜃

𝑟𝑟=1
1 3 1 1 3 1 1 3
cos 𝜃𝜃 − cos 𝜃𝜃 −2 sin 2 �2 𝜃𝜃 + 2 𝜃𝜃� sin 2 �2 𝜃𝜃 − 2 𝜃𝜃�
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 2 2 =
1 1
2 sin 2 𝜃𝜃 2 sin 2 𝜃𝜃
1 1
− sin 𝜃𝜃 sin �− 2 𝜃𝜃� sin 𝜃𝜃 sin 𝜃𝜃
= = 2 = sin 𝜃𝜃 = 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿
1 1
sin 2 𝜃𝜃 sin 2 𝜃𝜃
∴ 𝑃𝑃1 is true.

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1  1
cos θ − cos k + θ
 2
k
Assume 𝑃𝑃𝑘𝑘 is true for some 𝑘𝑘 ∈ ℤ+ . i.e. ∑ sin rθ =
2
1
r =1
2 sin θ
2

1  3
k +1
cos θ − cos k + θ
[ Aim: To prove 𝑃𝑃𝑘𝑘+1 is true. i.e. ∑ sin rθ =
2  2 ]
1
r =1
2 sin θ
2
𝑘𝑘+1 𝑘𝑘

� sin 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = � sin 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 + sin(𝑘𝑘 + 1)𝜃𝜃

𝑟𝑟=1 𝑟𝑟=1
1 1
cos 2 𝜃𝜃 − cos �𝑘𝑘 + � 𝜃𝜃
= 2 + sin(𝑘𝑘 + 1)𝜃𝜃
1
2 sin 2 𝜃𝜃
1 1 1
cos 2 𝜃𝜃 − cos �𝑘𝑘 + 2� 𝜃𝜃 + 2 sin(𝑘𝑘 + 1)𝜃𝜃 sin 2 𝜃𝜃
=
1
2 sin 2 𝜃𝜃
1 1 1 1
cos 2 𝜃𝜃 − cos �𝑘𝑘 + 2� 𝜃𝜃 − �cos �𝑘𝑘 + 1 + 2� 𝜃𝜃 − cos �𝑘𝑘 + 1 − 2� 𝜃𝜃�
=
1
2 sin 2 𝜃𝜃
1 1 3 1
cos 𝜃𝜃 − cos �𝑘𝑘 + 2� 𝜃𝜃 − cos �𝑘𝑘 + 2� 𝜃𝜃 + cos �𝑘𝑘 + 2� 𝜃𝜃
= 2
1
2 sin 2 𝜃𝜃
1 3
cos 2 𝜃𝜃 − cos �𝑘𝑘 + 2� 𝜃𝜃
=
1
2 sin 2 𝜃𝜃

∴ 𝑃𝑃𝑘𝑘+1 is true if 𝑃𝑃𝑘𝑘 is true.

Since 𝑃𝑃1 is true, ∴ by mathematical induction, 𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 is true for 𝑛𝑛 ∈ ℤ+ .

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Question 7
9
1 3 1 1  
������⃗ = a + b (ii)(a)
[ Ans: (i) 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 (b) length of projection of 𝒃𝒃 onto 𝒂𝒂 (c)  7  ]
6 10 7 7 
8
1
(i) OP = 𝒂𝒂
3
3
������⃗
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 𝒃𝒃
5
�����⃗ ������⃗ 1 1
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 3
������⃗
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = = � 𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃�
2 2 3 5
1 3
= 𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃
6 10

Area of triangle 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂

1 1 1 1 3
�����⃗ × ������⃗
= �𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂� = � 𝒂𝒂 × � 𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃��
2 2 3 6 10
1 1 1 1 3
= � 𝒂𝒂 × 𝒂𝒂 + 𝒂𝒂 × 𝒃𝒃�
2 3 6 3 10
1 1 3 1
= � � � � |𝒂𝒂 × 𝒃𝒃| = |𝒂𝒂 × 𝒃𝒃|
2 3 10 20
(shown)
1
𝑘𝑘 =
20
2𝑝𝑝
(ii) (a) 𝒂𝒂 = �−6𝑝𝑝�
3𝑝𝑝
|𝒂𝒂| = 1
�(2𝑝𝑝)2 + (−6𝑝𝑝)2 + (3𝑝𝑝)2 = 1
1
�49𝑝𝑝2 = 1 ⇒ 𝑝𝑝 = (∵ 𝑝𝑝 > 0)
7

(b) |𝒂𝒂 ∙ 𝒃𝒃| is the length of projection of 𝒃𝒃 onto 𝒂𝒂.

 2   1  9
1    1 
(c) 𝒂𝒂 × 𝒃𝒃 =  − 6  ×  1  =  7 
7    7 
 3   − 2 8

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Question 8
1 10 + v 1 10 + v 1
[ Ans: (i) ln + c (ii)(a) t = ln ; ln 3 (b) 7.62 ms-1 (c) 10 ms-1 ]
20 10 − v 2 10 − v 2
1
(i) ∫ 100 − v 2
dv
1
=� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
102 − 𝑣𝑣 2
1 10 + 𝑣𝑣
= ln � � + 𝑐𝑐
2(10) 10 − 𝑣𝑣
1 10 + 𝑣𝑣
= ln � � + 𝑐𝑐
20 10 − 𝑣𝑣

dv
(ii) (a) = 10 − 0.1v 2
dt
1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2
=1
10 − 0.1𝑣𝑣 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
1
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
10 − 0.1𝑣𝑣 2
1 1
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0.1 100 − 𝑣𝑣 2
1
10 � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
100 − 𝑣𝑣 2
1 10 + 𝑣𝑣
10 � ln � �� = 𝑡𝑡 + 𝐴𝐴
20 10 − 𝑣𝑣
1 10 + 𝑣𝑣
ln � � = 𝑡𝑡 + 𝐴𝐴
2 10 − 𝑣𝑣

When 𝑡𝑡 = 0, 𝑣𝑣 = 0,
1 10 + 0
ln � � = 0 + 𝐴𝐴 ⇒ 𝐴𝐴 = 0
2 10 − 0
1 10 + 𝑣𝑣
∴ 𝑡𝑡 = ln � �
2 10 − 𝑣𝑣

When 𝑣𝑣 = 5,
1 15 1
𝑡𝑡 = ln � � = ln 3
2 5 2

1 10 + v
(b) t = ln
2 10 − v
10 + 𝑣𝑣
2𝑡𝑡 = ln � �
10 − 𝑣𝑣
10 + 𝑣𝑣
= 𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡
10 − 𝑣𝑣
10 + 𝑣𝑣 = 10𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡 − 𝑣𝑣𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡
𝑣𝑣 + 𝑣𝑣𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡 = 10𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡 − 10
𝑣𝑣(1 + 𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡 ) = 10(𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡 − 1)
10(𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡 − 1)
𝑣𝑣 =
1 + 𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡

When 𝑡𝑡 = 1,
10(𝑒𝑒 2 − 1)
𝑣𝑣 =
1 + 𝑒𝑒 2
𝑣𝑣 = 7.62 ms-1

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(c) From (b),

10(𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡 − 1) 10(𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡 + 1 − 2)
𝑣𝑣 = =
1 + 𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡 1 + 𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡
20
= 10 −
1 + 𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡

When 𝑡𝑡 → ∞,
𝑣𝑣 → 10

∴ The speed of the stone will tend to 10 metres per second.

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Question 9
[ Ans: (i) 193m; 4810m (ii) 40 days ]
(i) Let the depth drilled during the 𝑛𝑛th day be 𝑢𝑢𝑛𝑛 .
∴ 𝑢𝑢𝑛𝑛 = 256 + (𝑛𝑛 − 1)(−7)
= 263 − 7𝑛𝑛

𝑢𝑢10 = 263 − 7(10) = 193

193m is drilled on the 10th day.

Let 𝑢𝑢𝑛𝑛 < 10

263 − 7𝑛𝑛 < 10
𝑛𝑛 > 36.143

∴ Drilling stopped on the 37th day.

Total depth when drilling is completed

37
= [2(256) + (37 − 1)(−7)]
2
= 4810m

(ii) Let the total depth during the 𝑛𝑛th day be 𝑆𝑆𝑛𝑛 .
𝑆𝑆𝑛𝑛 > 0.99𝑆𝑆∞
8 𝑛𝑛
256 �1 − �9� � 256
> 0.99 � �
8 8
1−9 1−
9
𝑛𝑛
8
1 − � � > 0.99
9

From GC, 𝑛𝑛 ≥ 40

It will take 40 days to exceed 99% of the theoretical maximum total depth.

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Question 10
[ Ans: (i) 𝑧𝑧1 = 2 − 2𝑖𝑖, 𝑧𝑧2 = −2 + 2𝑖𝑖 (ii) 𝑤𝑤1 = −1 − 𝑖𝑖, 𝑤𝑤2 = −3 + 𝑖𝑖 (iii) sketch (iv) reason ]
𝜋𝜋
(i) 𝑧𝑧 2 = −8𝑖𝑖 = 8𝑒𝑒 −𝑖𝑖 2
𝜋𝜋
− +2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑖𝑖� 2 �
2
𝑧𝑧 = √8𝑒𝑒 , 𝑘𝑘 = 0, 1
When 𝑘𝑘 = 0,
𝜋𝜋
𝑧𝑧1 = √8𝑒𝑒 −𝑖𝑖 4
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
= √8 �cos − 𝑖𝑖 sin �
4 4
1 1
= √8 � − 𝑖𝑖 � = 2 − 2𝑖𝑖
√2 √2
When 𝑘𝑘 = 1,
3𝜋𝜋
𝑧𝑧1 = √8𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑖 4
3𝜋𝜋 3𝜋𝜋
= √8 �cos + 𝑖𝑖 sin �
4 4
1 1
= √8 �− + 𝑖𝑖 � = −2 + 2𝑖𝑖
√2 √2

or

Given 𝑧𝑧 2 = −8𝑖𝑖
Let 𝑧𝑧 = 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
(𝑥𝑥 + 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖)2 = −8𝑖𝑖
𝑥𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 2 = −8𝑖𝑖
4
2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = −8 ⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = −
𝑦𝑦

4 2
𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 0 ⇒ �− � − 𝑦𝑦 2 = 0
2 2
𝑦𝑦
4
𝑦𝑦 = 16 ⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = ±2
When 𝑦𝑦 = −2, When 𝑦𝑦 = 2,
4 4
𝑥𝑥 = − =2 𝑥𝑥 = − = −2
(−2) 2

∴ 𝑧𝑧1 = 2 − 2𝑖𝑖, 𝑧𝑧2 = −2 + 2𝑖𝑖

(ii) 𝑤𝑤 2 + 4𝑤𝑤 + (4 + 2𝑖𝑖) = 0

(𝑤𝑤 + 2)2 − 4 + (4 + 2𝑖𝑖) = 0
(𝑤𝑤 + 2)2 = −2𝑖𝑖
4(𝑤𝑤 + 2)2 = −8𝑖𝑖 ⇒ (2𝑤𝑤 + 4)2 = −8𝑖𝑖

From part (i),

2𝑤𝑤1 + 4 = 2 − 2𝑖𝑖 ⇒ 𝑤𝑤1 = −1 − 𝑖𝑖
2𝑤𝑤2 + 4 = −2 + 2𝑖𝑖 ⇒ 𝑤𝑤2 = −3 + 𝑖𝑖

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(iii)
Im

(−2, 2)
(−3, 1)
Re

(2, −2)

(−1, −1)

(iv) As the two loci are straight and parallel to each other, there will be no points lying on
both of them.

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Question 11
[ Ans: (i) 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 + 2𝑧𝑧 = −3 (ii) 𝑘𝑘 = −7 (iii) show; (−1, 6, −4) (iv) 22.2° ]
4 −2 6
(i) �−1� − �−5� = � 4 �
−3 2 −5
−2 4 −6 3
�−5� − �−3� = �−2� = −2 � 1 �
2 −2 4 −2

Vector normal to 𝑝𝑝
6 3 −3 1
= � 4 � × � 1 � = �−3� = −3 �1�
−5 −2 −6 2
1 −2 1
𝑝𝑝: 𝒓𝒓 ∙ �1� = �−5� ∙ �1� = −3
2 2 2
𝑝𝑝: 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 + 2𝑧𝑧 = −3

1 2 −2 1
(ii) 𝑙𝑙1 : 𝑟𝑟 = � 2 � + 𝜆𝜆 �−4�, 𝑙𝑙2 : 𝑟𝑟 = � 1 � + 𝜇𝜇 �5�
−3 1 3 𝑘𝑘
Since 𝑙𝑙1 and 𝑙𝑙2 intersect,
1 + 2𝜆𝜆 −2 + 𝜇𝜇
� 2 − 4𝜆𝜆 � = � 1 + 5𝜇𝜇 �
−3 + 𝜆𝜆 3 + 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
1 + 2𝜆𝜆 = −2 + 𝜇𝜇 ⇒ 2𝜆𝜆 − 𝜇𝜇 = −3 (1)
2 − 4𝜆𝜆 = 1 + 5𝜇𝜇 ⇒ 4𝜆𝜆 + 5𝜇𝜇 = 1 (2)
𝜆𝜆 − 6
−3 + 𝜆𝜆 = 3 + 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 ⇒ 𝑘𝑘 = (3)
𝜇𝜇

Solving (1) and (2) using GC,

𝜆𝜆 = −1, 𝜇𝜇 = 1

−1 − 6
∴ 𝑘𝑘 = = −7
1
1 1
(iii) � 2 � ∙ �1� = 1 + 2 − 6 = −3 (𝐴𝐴)
−3 2
2 1
�−4� ∙ �1� = 2 − 4 + 2 = 0 (𝐵𝐵)
1 2
(𝐴𝐴) & (𝐵𝐵) ⇒ 𝑙𝑙1 lies on 𝑝𝑝.

Let 𝐹𝐹 be the intersection between 𝑙𝑙2 & 𝑝𝑝.

1 2 −1
�����⃗
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = � 2 � + (−1) �−4� = � 6 �
−3 1 −4
⇒ 𝐹𝐹(−1, 6, −4)

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(iv) Let the acute angle of concern be 𝜃𝜃.

1 𝑙𝑙2
� 1�
2 𝜃𝜃 𝑝𝑝

1 1 1 1
�� 5 � ∙ �1�� = �� 5 �� ��1�� cos(90° − 𝜃𝜃)
−7 2 −7 2
|−8|
cos(90° − 𝜃𝜃) =
√75√6
90° − 𝜃𝜃 = 67.844°
𝜃𝜃 = 22.2°

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