SYNOP Decoding

(Indonesia)
FOO BATCH XXVI 2008

Suryadi
yadi@merpati.co.id
SYNOP code format
„ SYNOP; surface report from land station

MiMiMiMjMj YYGGiw IIiii irixhVV Nddff 1SnTTT

1 2 3 4 5 6

2SnTdTdTd 3PoPoPoPo 4PPPP 5appp 6RRRtr 7wwW1W2

7 8 9 10 11 12

8NhCLCMCH 9hh// 333 (1SnTxTxTx) (1SnTnTnTn) (56DLDMDH)

13 14 15 16 17 18

(58P24P24P24) (59P24P24P24) (8NSChshs)

or
19 20 21

Suryadi
yadi@merpati.co.id
SYNOP decode
1. MiMiMiMjMj
ƒ Synop report identification by; AAXX
ƒ E.g. AAXX = synop

2. YYGGiw
ƒ YY; date of observation in UTC
ƒ GG; time of observation in UTC
ƒ iw; wind indicator
ƒ E.g. 04004 = date 04, 00 UTC, 4 as Knots

3. IIiii
ƒ II; block number
ƒ iii; observation station number
ƒ E.g. 12416 = station ‘x’
Suryadi
yadi@merpati.co.id
SYNOP decode
4. iriwhVV
ƒ ir; precipitation group indicator *)
ƒ iw; weather indicator *)
ƒ VV; horizontal visibility *)
ƒ E.g. 11540 = 1 – precipitation, 1 – weather, 5 – lowest cloud
base 600 to 1000 m, 40 – visibility is 4000m

5. Nddff
ƒ N; cloud covered in octas *)
ƒ dd; wind direction in true direction in tens degrees *)
ƒ ff; wind velocity *)
ƒ E.g. 8000 = 8 oktas, 00 direction, 00 speed (calm)

Suryadi
yadi@merpati.co.id
SYNOP decode
6. 1SnTTT
ƒ 1; index number
ƒ Sn; temperature code (0=+, 1=-)
ƒ TTT; surface temperature in degrees celcius
ƒ E.g. 10302 = 1 – index, 0 – positive, 30.2 °C

7. 2SnTdTdTd
ƒ 2; index number
ƒ Sn; temperature code (0=+, 1=-)
ƒ TdTdTd; dew point temperature in degrees celcius
ƒ E.g. 20261 = 2 – index, 0 – positive, 26.1 °C

Suryadi
yadi@merpati.co.id
SYNOP decode
8. 3PoPoPoPo
ƒ 3; index number
ƒ PoPoPoPo; QFE (…000.0 mb)
ƒ E.g. 30092 = 3 – index, 1009.2 hpa

9. 4PPPP
ƒ 4; index number
ƒ PPPP; QNH (…000.0 mb)
ƒ E.g. 40114 = 4 – index, 1011.4 hpa

Suryadi
yadi@merpati.co.id
SYNOP decode
10. 5appp (not used in Indonesia)
ƒ 5; index number
ƒ a; pressure tendency during the three hours preceding the
time of observation or sign of pressure change in 24 hours
ƒ ppp; pressure change *)

11. 6RRRtR
ƒ 6; index number
ƒ RRR; amount of precipitation *)
ƒ tR; duration and time of occurrence of precipitation *)
ƒ E.g. 60093 = 6 – index, 009 – 9 mm, 3 – 18 hours

Suryadi
yadi@merpati.co.id
SYNOP decode
12. 7wwW1W2
ƒ 7; index number
ƒ ww; present weather *)
ƒ W1 and W2; past weather *)
ƒ E.g. 70566 = 7 – index, 05 – haze, 6 – rain, 6 - rain

13. 8NhCLCMCH
ƒ 8; index number
ƒ Nh; cloud cover in octas, if no cloud then data filled by CM
ƒ CL; low cloud types *)
ƒ CM; medium cloud types *)
ƒ CH; high cloud types *)
ƒ E.g. 865// = 8 – index, 6 – 6 oktas, 5 – low cloud
stratocumulus

Suryadi
yadi@merpati.co.id
SYNOP decode
14. 9hh// (not used in Indonesia)
ƒ 9; index number
ƒ Hh//; time of observation

15. 333
ƒ 333; data for regional change

Suryadi
yadi@merpati.co.id
SYNOP decode
16. 1SnTxTxTx
ƒ 1; index number
ƒ Sn; temperature code (0=+, 1=-)
ƒ TxTxTx; maximum temperature in degrees celcius

17. 2SnTnTnTn
ƒ 1; index number
ƒ Sn; temperature code (0=+, 1=-)
ƒ TnTnTn; minimum temperature in degrees celcius

Suryadi
yadi@merpati.co.id
SYNOP decode
18. 56DLDMDH
ƒ 56; index number for direction on cloud layers
ƒ DL; direction of CL (low cloud) are coming
ƒ DM; direction of CM (medium cloud) are coming
ƒ DH; direction of CH (high cloud) are coming

19. 58P24P24P24
ƒ 58; index number for positive pressure changes or zero within
24 hours
ƒ P24P24P24; pressure change in (…000.0 mb)

Suryadi
yadi@merpati.co.id
SYNOP decode
20. 59P24P24P24
ƒ 59; index number for negative pressure changes within 24
hours
ƒ P24P24P24; pressure change in (…000.0 mb)

21. 8NsChshs
ƒ 8; index number
ƒ Ns; cloud cover *)
ƒ C; cloud types *)
ƒ hshs; cloud base *)

Suryadi
yadi@merpati.co.id
SYNOP samples
„
AAXX 28004 977220 11540 8000 10268 20249 40109 60024 70566
865// 333 20207

„
AAXX 29124 96035 11405 82912 10288 20285 30081 40112 60222
79586 86921 333 10300 20207 56420

Suryadi
yadi@merpati.co.id
Notes
*) Refer to METEOROLOGY - WEATHER REPORT and
FORECAST DECODING Edition 01; SURFACE SYNOPTIC
OBSERVATIONS Decode.

Suryadi
yadi@merpati.co.id