Balance of trade - the difference in value between a country's imports and exports

Berlin Conference - formalization of the Scramble for Africa

Boer Wars - two wars fought by Great Britain in southern Africa.
Boxer Rebellion - anti-foreign, anti-colonial, and anti-Christian uprising
Elite - a select group that is superior in terms of ability or qualities to the rest of
a group or society
Extraterritoriality - Noun form of extraterritorial. (of a law or decree) valid outside a
country's territory
French Indo-China - a grouping of French colonial territories in Southeast Asia until its
demise in 1954
Imperialism - a policy or ideology of extending rule over people and other countries,
for extending political and economic access, power and control
Indigenous - originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native
Leopold II - Leopold II was the second King of the Belgians from 1865 to 1909 and,
through his own efforts, the owner and absolute ruler of the Congo Free
State from 1885 to 1908.
Matthew Perry - commodore of the United States Navy who commanded ships in several
wars, including the War of 1812 and the Mexican–American War
(1846–1848).
Meiji Restoration - political event that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868
under Emperor Meiji.
Monroe Doctrine - a principle of US policy, originated by President James Monroe in 1823,
that any intervention by external powers in the politics of the Americas is
a potentially hostile act against the US.
Muhammad Ali - Ottoman governor of Egypt from 1805 to 1848.
Open Door Policy - The Open Door Policy is the United States diplomatic policy established
in the late 19th and early 20th century that called for a system of equal
trade and investment and to guarantee the territorial integrity of Qing
China.
Opium wars - two wars involving Britain and China regarding the question of trading
rights.
Panama Canal - a canal about 50 miles long, across the Isthmus of Panama, that
connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans
Partition - (especially with reference to a country with separate areas of
government) the action or state of dividing or being divided into parts
Protectorate - a state that is controlled and protected by another:
Sepoy Rebellion - The Sepoy Rebellion In May 1857, a group of Indian soldiers in the
British East India Company’s army led a mutiny in the state of Uttar
Pradesh.
Social Darwinism - the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same
Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals.
Spanish-American War - a war between Spain and the US in the Caribbean and the Philippines
in 1898.
Sphere of Influence - a country or area in which another country has power to affect
developments although it has no formal authority
Suez Canal - a shipping canal that connects the Mediterranean Sea at Port Said with
the Red Sea.
Taiping Rebellion - also known as the Taiping Civil War or the Taiping Revolution, was a
massive rebellion or total civil war in China that was waged from 1850 to
1864 between the established Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the Taiping
Heavenly Kingdom under Hong Xiuquan.