EA2- SURVEYING

Student
Course/year/ 1st year/ I-
Section
Academic Year 2nd sem. 2021-2022
PO Addressed Ability to apply knowledge of mathematics and science to solve
engineering problems
Intended Learning Able to determine and apply relevant and appropriate applied science
Outcome and techniques to address engineering concerns.

NOTES OF GUIDANCE FOR THE CONDUCT FACE-TO-FACE CLASS

BSABE, 1st YEAR AND SECTION 1A, 1B, 1C, EA2, 2nd Sem AY 2021-2022

Performance Tasks
Group yourselves into two and in each group assigned each
person to be:

1. Chief of party
2. Instrumentman
3. Recorder
4. Head tapeman
5. Rear tapeman
6. Flagman

Perform this activities on the following areas of the university:

Group 1 - 1st gate up to the back of College of Engineering buildingz(old)

Group 2 - 3rd gate up to animal complex

Performance Task 1
Differential Levelling
Laboratory Exercise No. 7
A. INTRODUCTION

Differential leveling is the process of determining difference in elevation between two or

more points some distance apart. It requires a series of set ups of the instrument along a general
route and for each set up a rod reading back to the point of known elevation(BS) and forward
reading(FS) to a point of unknown elevation are taken. The basic equipment used in differential
leveling include a graduated leveling rod and a leveling instrument such as dumpy level, automatic
level or an engineers transit. These instruments are used to establish a horizontal line of the sight
and to measure the vertical distance between the line of sight and the points on which the rod is
held.
B. OBJECTIVES
To know how to:
1. Set up the transit and to read the leveling rod
2. Reading and recording of backsight and foresight rod reading
3. How to compute the elevation

C. INSTRUMENTS:
1. Engineer’s transit,
2. theodolite or
3. Total station
4. Reading Glass
5. Chaining pins
6. Leveling rod
7. Measuring tape

D. PROCEDURES:

1. Locate a parcel of land to be measured on the elevation

2. Measure a 20 m interval between turning points
3. Set up the transit in a 20- m mark(Turning point) and another 40 m there after.
4. A backsight rod reading should be taken first followed by a foresight rod readings.
5. Record the backsight and foresight rod readings in every stations
6. Compute for the final elevation of an area.

E. DATA AND COMPUTATION:

Hi = Elevation ¬+ BS

Elevation = HI - FS

TABLE 1. Complete the Differential leveling notes

STA BS HI FS ELEV REMARKS

BM1 1.246 512.481
TP1 0.952 2.005
TP2 1.342 1.896
TP3 2.556 0.387
TP4 0.595 1.572
BM2 0.664 2.115
TP5 1.228 2.884
TP6 1.355 1.567
TP7 2.058 1.063
BM3 0.749 0.663
TP8 1.396 0.505
TP9 1.815 1.335
BM4 1.902
=======================================================================

Three Wire Levelling

Laboratory Exercise No. 8

A. INTRODUCTION
A more precise method of differential leveling can be attained by the three wires method of
levelling. It is a method of differential leveling wherein three horizontal hairs are read and recorded
rather from a single horizontal hair. The leveling instrument used should be equipped with stadia
hairs in addition to the regular vertical and horizontal hairs. For each backsight and foresight,. All
three horizontal hairs are read and recorded. It requires a series of set ups of the instrument along
a general route and for each set up a rod reading back to the point of known elevation(BS) and
forward reading(FS) to a point of unknown elevation are taken.

A. OBJECTIVES

To know how to:

1. Set up the transit and to read the leveling rod
2. Reading and recording of three backsight and foresight rod readings.
3. How to compute the elevation base on the data gathered

C. INSTRUMENTS:
1. Engineer’s transit,
2. theodolite or
3. Total station
4. Reading Glass
5. Chaining pins
6. Leveling rod
7. Measuring tape
D. PROCEDURES :

1. Locate a parcel of land to be measured on the elevation of the area

2. Measure a 20 m interval
3. Set up the transit in a 20- m mark(Turning point) and another 40 m there after.
4. A backsight rod reading should be taken first followed by a foresight rod readings.
5. Record the backsight and foresight rod readings in every stations
6. Compute for the final elevation of an area.

E. DATA AND COMPUTATION:

SURVEYING

THREE WIRE LEVELLING – a more precise method of differential leveling. It is a method of

determining difference in elevation wherein three horizontal cross hairs are read and recorded
rather than from a single horizontal hair.

transit c

You can see this three cross hairs in a transit, theodolite or total station:
S =a–c
m = (a + b + c)/3
HD = Ks + C
HI = Elev + BS
Elev = HI – FS
Where: a = upper stadia hair reading
b = center stadia hair reading
c = lower stadia hair reading
s = stadia intercept (the difference between the upper hair reading and lower hair
reading
m = mean of three hair readings
K = Stadia interval factor. The value of K is usually 100.
C = instrument constant – this is usually zero value but it depends on the brand of
instrument.
HI = Height of the line of sight above datum or mean sea level. (Height of
Instrument).

Table 1. Complete the three wire leveling notes:

Sta Backsight HI Foresight Elevation

Hair reading Mean reading s Hair reading Mean reading s
BM1 1.152 4.242
0.935
 0.718
TP1 2.784 1.117
2.420 0.899
2.057 0.682
TP2 1.713 1.900
1.440 1.537
1.166 1.172
TP3 2.591 1.450
2.094 1.177
1.599 0.904
TP4 0.913 2.21
0.730 1.714
0.547 1.218
1.593
1.41
1.227

E. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

======================================================================

PROFILE LEVELING
Laboratory Exercise No. 9

Profile leveling method is the process of determining the difference in elevation along a
fixed line at designated short measured intervals. It is executed to provide data from which a
vertical section of the ground surface can be plotted. A profile is necessary for the design and
construction of roads, railroads, canals. Culverts, bridges sewer lines and others. A p rofile may run
as a single straight line or as a series of straight lines connected by curves. The only difference in
this method is that there are so many intermediate foresights.

B. OBJECTIVES:
1. To determine the exact elevation through profile leveling.
2. To learn more about profile leveling method.
C. MATERIALS:
1. Engineer’s transit,
2. theodolite or
3. Total station
4. Reading Glass
5. Chaining pins
6. Leveling rod
7. Measuring tape

D. PROCEDURES:

1. Locate a parcel of land to be measured on the elevation of the area

2. Measure a 20 m interval
3. Set up the transit in a 20- m mark(Turning point) and another 40 m thereafter.
4. A backsight rod reading should be taken first followed by a foresight
(FS) rod readings.
5. Record the backsight and FS rod readings in every stations
6. Compute for the final profile elevation of an area.
7. Plot the data in the graphing paper.

Definition of terms:

To be able to better understand profile leveling work the following terms are defined:

1. Profile – it is a curved line which graphically portrays the intersection of a vertical plane with
the surface of the earth. It depicts ground elevations of selected critical points along a surveyed
line and the horizontal distances between these points.
2. Stationing – a numerical designation given in terms of horizontal distance any point along a
profile line is away from the starting point .
3. foresight – these sights which are also known as ground rod readings, are taken along the
centerline of the proposed project to provide an accurate representation of the ground surface.
FS are observe at regular intervals and at points where sudden changes in elevation occur.
4. Full stations – are points which are established along the profile level route at uniformly
measured distances. These points are usually made in multiple of 100, 50, 30, 20, or 10 meters

D. COMPUTATION
F. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION:

A. Do this activity in A4 paper individually. This activity will be good for 2 weeks and to be
submitted to your Instructor. Kindly exercise proper distancing at all times and use face mask

Learning Resources
Breed, C. B. and Hosmer G. L. The Principles and Practice of Surveying John
Wiley and Sons Inc. London.
Davis, Foote and Kelly. Surveying. Theory and Practice. 5th Edition. Phoenix Press
Inc. Quezon City.
Dominador Balis et al. Printed 1975. Field manual in Elementary Surveying. Royal
Publishing House Inc.
Pilapil, J. and Putt, L. (1987) Elementary Surveying Baguio Research and
Publishing Center. 3rd