Page 31, Example No: 1.

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a) Stem and leaf plot is as below (constructed in excel)

b) Histogram for grades distribution (constructed in excel) and from that relative frequency
histogram has been constructed by hand
The data exhibits a left skew, because the tail of the data distribution is more on the left side as
compared to the right side.

c)

Sample mean = Sum of all data points / Number of all data points = 65.48 (computed by excel)

Calculation = SUM (23 60 79 32 57 74 52 70 82 36 80 77 81 95 41 65 92 85 55 76 52 10 64 75 78 25 80

98 81 67 41 71 83 54 64 72 88 62 74 43 60 78 89 76 84 48 84 90 15 79 34 67 17 8269 74 63 80 85 61)/60

Sample median = 71.5 (computed by excel)

Calculation: Data is sorted from ascending to descending order. Since there are 60 data points,
therefore the median is average of 30th and 31st observation.

Median = (30th + 31st observation)/2 = (71+72)/2 = 71.5

Sample standard deviation = 21.13 (computed by excel)

Calculation: (SUM (Every data point – Sample Mean)^2)/59

The numerator is divided by n-1, where n is the number of data points