Beam Lift: Transformers

• LOSSES IN THE
TRANSFORMER
• HIGH EFFICIENCY
VS. STANDARD
• CONFIGURATION
• LOCATION

LOSSES IN THE
TRANSFORMER
• SUM OF THE EXCITATION LOSSES (CORE
LOSSES) AND LOAD LOSSES (COPPER LOSSES)

• CORE LOSSES ARE RELATIVELY CONSTANT AT

ALL LOADS

• COPPER LOSSES VARY WITH LOAD

CL= I2R (primary) + I2R (secondary)

I= current (load), R = resistance

 TRANSFORMER EFFICIENCY VS. % LOAD
Transformers
99
are fairly high
98.8
98.6 KVA SIZE efficiency
98.4 10
EFFICIENCY

98.2 15
25
98
37.5
97.8
50
97.6
75
97.4
97.2
97
100 75 50 25

PERCENT LOAD
Source: Westinghouse Electric Corp., Style A7322 Hi 7200/12470Y, low 240/480

•For oil field pumping unit service, very high

efficiency transformers are normally not
justifiable. Transformer losses are relatively low
on standard units.
•Depending on location, operator may not pay for
losses.

TRANSFORMER LOCATION
12,470 V
LONG
UNDERGROUND
WIRE

480 V

SHORT
UNDERGROUND
WIRE
 TRANSFORMER
LOCATION
EXAMPLE: 80HP LOAD, 50 FT UNDERGROUND VS. 1000 FT UNDERGROUND,
1/0 WIRE
80 HP x .746 = 59.68kW
@ 12, 470 VOLTS THE CURRENT (I) IS
2.91 AMPS (for 3 phase power, .95 PF)
@ 480 VOLTS THE CURRENT (I) IS
75.56 AMPS (for 3 phase power, .95 PF)

LINE LOSSES (I2R):

LONG UNDER GROUND CASE
LOSSES = PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LOSS
PRIMARY LOSS = 0
SECONDARY LOSS = 75.562 x 0.09825(1) =
560 watts /phase = 1.68 kW loss (2.8%)
TOTAL LOSS = 1.68 kW loss (2.8%)

TRANSFORMER LOCATION
EXAMPLE: 80HP LOAD, 50 FT UNDERGROUND VS. 1000 FT UNDERGROUND,
1/0 WIRE

LINE LOSSES (I2R):

SHORT UNDERGROUND CASE

LOSSES = PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LOSS
PRIMARY LOSS = 2.912 x 0.09825(.95) =
0.79 watts/phase = 0.0024kw
SECONDARY LOSS = 75.562 x 0.09825(.05) =
28 watts/phase = 0.084 kW loss
TOTAL LOSS = .0865 kW (0.14%)

SHORT VS. LONG UNDERGROUND WIRE

2.8%-0.14% = 2.66% or $556/yr @ $0.4/kWhr
TRANSFORMER LOCATION

Summary:
Locate transformers close to
unit but not overhead for safety
considerations.