ELECTRIC SHOP

INTRODUCTION:
This workshop specializes in maintaining and repairing power
circuits, alternators, power panels, electromechanical equipment, field generators
and other related equipment.
ELECTRIC WIRES/CABLES
A wire is a single, usually cylindrical, flexible strand or rod of
metal. An electrical wire is a type of conductor, which is a material that
conducts electricity. Cable usually contains one or more “hot” (current-
carrying) wires, a neutral wire, and a ground wire.

USE OF ELECTRIC WIRES

Electrical wires are used to connect two or more devices,
enabling the transfer of electrical signals or power from one device to
the other. Cables are used for a wide range of purposes, and each must
be tailored for that purpose.
CLASSIFICATION OF WIRES
 1.According to Core:
SINGLE CORE WIRES
Single-core cables are a single piece of metal wires especially made
up of copper or aluminum material. It is used for domestic purpose, in household
electrical appliances.
DOUBLE CORE WIRES
This type of cable is used to connect small appliances which are double
insulated and need no earth. The cable only has two cores being live and neutral.

TRIPPLE CORE WIRES

This type of cable is used to connect appliances such as lamps or
extension cables to the power outlet sockets. The flex cable (flexible cord/cable)
has three cores being Live, Earth and Neutral.

2.According to Conducting Material:

ALUMINIUM WIRES
Aluminum wire is a wire that is used for electrical wiring in houses, power grids
and airplanes.  Aluminum is a poorer electrical conductor compared to copper, so
it is infrequently used in small applications such as
home wiring.

COPPER WIRE
Copper is the most widely used conductor in many kinds of electrical
wiring. Copper has the lowest resistance to the flow of electricity of all non-
precious metals. About half of all copper mined is used to make electrical wire
and cable conductors.
3.According to the Voltage Grade:
HIGH VOLTAGE WIRES
A high-voltage cable (HV cable) is a cable used for electric power
transmission at high voltage. A cable includes a conductor and insulation, and is
suitable for being run underground or underwater. High voltages range from
115,000 to 230,000.

MEDIUM VOLTAGE WIRES

Medium-voltage cables are commonly used in mobile substation equipment, for
distribution of power in industrial settings and in mining to supply power to drills,
shovels, haulers, etc. Medium voltage designs range from 2,000 to 35,000 V.

LOW VOLTAGE WIRES

Low voltage is normally used for doorbells, garage door opener
controls, heating and cooling thermostats, alarm system sensors and controls,
household and automobile batteries. Common low voltages are 12 V, 24 V, and
48V.
4.According To Insulation:
POLYVINYL CHLORIDE
PVC (Polyvinyl chloride) is widely used in electrical cable construction for
insulation, bedding and sheathing. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) insulated and
sheathed cables are used in a wide variety of applications from fixed wiring to
flexible installations.

LEAD ALLOY & SHEATHED WIRES

This type of wiring employs conductors insulated with VIR and is covered
with an outer sheath of lead-aluminum alloy containing about 95% lead. This
metal sheath gives protection to the cable from mechanical injury, dampness and
atmospheric corrosion.

WEATHER PROOF WIRES

Weatherproof line wire consists of single conductor covered with either
Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) or Cross-linked Polyethylene (XLPE).
Conductors may be compressed or concentric strand of ACSR, AAC or solid,
compressed or concentric strand copper.
CAB TYRE SHEATHED WIRES
Cab Tyre Sheath is usually lapped on to the already insulated conductor. In
tough rubber sheathed cable, the conductor is insulated with vulcanized rubber
insulation. Cables are manufactured in this way that the cables are with stand the
mechanical damage.

TYPES OF WIRING:
CLEAT WIRING
Electric wiring on cleats or insulated supports which are mounted on a wall
or other surface, leaving the wiring exposed; conduits or raceways are not used.

BATTEN WIRING
All the cables wiring are installed on the smooth batten with
steel clips and steel clips are installed on the surface of batten to equal. The
wooden batten is installed on the walls of the with the help of 1.5 inch screws.
CASING & CAPPING WIRING
It is one of the simplest forms of electric wiring systems. PVC
insulated wires are placed in the plastic casing and covered with a cap, hence the
name 'Casing Capping'. Casing is a rectangular strip where the cables run through
it having grooves.

TOOLS:
SPANNER
A  spanner is a tool used to provide grip and mechanical advantage in
applying torque to turn objects usually rotary fasteners, such as nuts and bolts or
keep them from turning.

SCREW DRIVER
A screwdriver is a tool, manual or powered, for screwing (installing)
and unscrewing (removing) screws. A typical simple screwdriver has a handle and
a shaft, ending in a tip the user puts into the screw head before turning the
handle.

TESTERS
Electrical testers are useful for checking circuits and devices for as electrical
wiring, outlets, circuit breakers, lamp cords, light sockets, and to the grounding
slot.

HAMMER
A tool with a heavy metal head mounted at right angles at the end of a
handle, used for jobs such as breaking things and driving in nails.

PLIER
Pliers are a hand tool used to hold objects firmly, possibly developed from
tongs used to handle hot metal. They are also useful for bending and compressing
a wide range of materials.

WIRE CRIMPERS
A crimping tool is a device used to conjoin two pieces of metal by deforming one
or both of them in a way that causes them to hold each other.
DIGITAL MULTI METER (DMM
A digital multimeter is a test tool used to measure two or more electrical
values—principally voltage (volts), current (amps) and resistance (ohms).