JDSMUDH SUDN\BN[F @DUFDNMJMAB BB

GBSHM\BN YKLD\BPK

HDFD ? DA[Y \UBGDULBRDH\M

HBF ? 47333;9

NKJDY? L9-<E

GDUB/ODF SUDN\BN[F? YKJDYD 44.33-4<.33

LMYKH SKFEBFEBHA ? FBUD @KEUBHD,F Yi.Dpt

Dsbstkh lmskh? idgyd purwdhbhasbg

Yrb rdgdyu suprdptm

SUMAUDF Y\[LB L9 @DUFDYB

YKNMJDG \BHAAB BJF[ @DUFDYB UBD[

RDRDYDH [HBP UBD[

SKNDH EDU[ 5353

 ‗GBSHM\BN YKLD\BPK‖

B. \[O[DH SUDN\BN[F

4. Fdgdsbswd fkhakrtb ldh fkfdgdfb fdhb`kstdsb lkprksb systkf sdrd` pusdt

skidrd ekrjkebg-jkebgdh pdld fdngjun gblup (fkhibt).
5. Fdgdsbswd fkfpkrmjkg adfedrdh edadbfdhd fkhb`kstdsb lkprksb ekrjkebg-jkebgdh bhb
ldpdt lbdtdssb ldh nmhskp `drfdnmlbhdfbn ydha fkjdhldsbhyd.

BB. \BHOD[DH S[Y\DND

Gbphmtbn skldtb` fkrupdndh amjmhadh medt lkprksdh susuhdh sdrd` pusdt (YYS), fujdb ydha
rbhadh ydbtu fkhykedendh tkhdha dtdu ndhtun, fkhblurndh ,gbhaad ydha ekrdt (nkiudjb
ekhzmlbdzkpbhk) ydbtu gbjdhahyd nksdldrdh, nmfd ldhfdtb ekradhtuha nkpdld lmsbs. Sdld lmsbs
tkrdpb medt skldsb fkhkndh dntb`btds,fkhuruhndh rkspmhs tkrgdldp rdhasdhadh ldh
fkhkhdhandh. Medt gbphmtb nfkhykedendh ndhtun ldh fkfpkrfuldg tblur
skrtd fkfpkrtdgdhndh tblur ydhafkhykrupdb tblur `bsbmjmabs (G. Ydromhm, Ydhtmsm ldh Gdlb
U L.,
422;).

Gbphmtbnd dtdu medt tblur dldjdg zdt-zdt ydha ldjdf lmsbs tkrdpb
lbpkruhtunndh fkhbhandtndh nkbhabhdh `ddjb uhtun tblur ldh fkfpkrfuldg dtdu
fkhykedendh tblur.
[fufhyd, medt bhb lbekrbndh pdld fdjdf gdrb. Ebjd zdt-zdt bhb lbekrbndh pdld sbdha gdrb ldjdf
lmsbs ydha jkebg rkhldg uhtun tuoudh fkhkhdhandh,fdnd lbhdfdndh skldtb` (\ody,5335).

Medt-medtdh gbphmtbn skldtbvk dldjdg bstbjdg uhtun medt-medtdh ydfa fdfpu fkhlkprksb
sbstkf sdrd` pusdt. Ykldtb` dldjdg suestdhsb ydha fkfbjbnb dntb`btds fmlkrdtk ydha fkfekrbndh
k`kn fkhkhdhandh, skfkhtdrd gbphmtbn dldjdg suestdhsb ydha ldpdt fkfekrbndh k`kn fkhadhtun
ldh ydha ldpdt fkfekrbndh mhskt skrtd fkfpkrtdgdhndh tblur.
K`knhyd ekradhtuha lmsbs, fujdb ldrb rbhadh ydbtu fkhykedendh tkhdha dtdu
ndhtun, fkhblurndh, gbhaad ekrdt ydbtu nkgbjdhadh nksdldrdh, nkdlddh dhkstksb, nmfd ldh
fdtb (\ody,
5335).

Sdld pkhbjdbdh nudjbtdtb` ldrb medt tblur, pkrju lbpkrgdtbndh `dntmr-`dntmr

nbhktbn ekrbnut?
d) jdfd nkrodhyd medt ldh ekrdpd jdfd tbhaadj lb ldjdf tueug
e) pkhadrughyd pdld nkabdtdh ksmn gdrb
i) nkikpdtdh fujdb eknkrodhyd
l) edgdyd tbfeujhyd nktkradhtuhadh
k) k`kn ‚rkemuhl‖ bhsmfhbd
`) pkhadrughyd tkrgdldp nudjbtds tblur
a) bhtkrdnsb lkhadh mtmt-mtmt jdbh
g) tmnsbsbtds, tkrutdfd pdld lmsbs ekrjkebgdh
(\ody,5335)
 Lbsdfpbha ngdsbdt dhsbmjbtbn, rkjdnsdsb mtmt, ldh gbphmtbnhyd, skhydwd ekhzmlbdzkpbh bhb
ouad ekrldyd dhtbnmhvujsb`. K`kn sdfpbha dldjdg jdzbf edab nkjmfpmn ekhzmlbdzkpbh,
ydnhb fkhadhtun, tkrfkhuha-fkhuha, pusbha, nkjkfdgdh mtmt (\ody, 5335).

Sdld k`kn skldtb` pkhlkrbtd dndh fkhodlb jkebg tkhdha ndrkhd nkpknddh nmrtkn skrkerb
ekrnurdha. Lbssdfpbha btu nkwdspdlddh tkrgdldp jbhanuhadh, dntbvbtds fmtmrbn ldh rkdnsb
spmhtdh fkhuruh. Nmhlbsb tkrskeut skidrd njbhbs akodjdhyd fkhuhounndh nkjksudh ldh
rdsd
ndhtun. Rdha tkrfdsun amjmhadh medt skldtb`-gbphmtbn dldjdg ktdhmj, edrebturdt, ekhzmlbdzkpdf
(`jurdzkpdf, jmrdzkpdf, tkfdzkpdf, trbdzmjdf> edrebturdt, lbdzkpdf), fktgdqudhmjmh
(Yydfsulbh, 5344).

K`kn sdfpbha ufuf gbphmtbnd fbrbp lkhadh k`kn sdfpbha fmr`bh, ydbtu?
d) lkprksb pkrhd`dsdh, tkrutdfd pdld lmsbs tbhaab. Yb`dt bhb pdjbha rbhadh pdld `jurdzkpdf ldh
zdt-zdt ekhzmlbdzkpbh jdbhhyd, lkfbnbdh pujd pdld njmrdjgblrdt ldh pdrdjlkgbld>
e) tkndhdh ldrdg fkhuruh, tkrutdfd mjkg edrebturdt>
i) skfekjbt pdld pkhaauhddh jdfd, tkrutdfd edrebturdt>
l) "gdha mvkr‖, ydbtu k`kn sbsd pdld nkksmndh gdrbhyd ekrupd fudj, pkrdsddh rbhadh lb nkpdjd
ldh tkrfdhau.

Gdj bhb lbskedendh ndrkhd edhydn gbphmtbnd eknkrod pdhodha (pjdsfd-t¶-hyd pdhodha),
tkrfdsun ouad zdt-zdt ekhzmlbdzkpbh ldh edrebturdt ydha lbskeut sgmrtditbha. Nkedhydndh medt
tblur ekrsb`dt jbpm`bj, fuldg fkjdrut ldh ekrnufujdsb lb odrbhadh jkfdn (\ody, 5335).

Skhaamjmhadh Medt-Medt Ykldtb` Gbphmtbn

4. Amjmhadh Ekhzmlbdzkpbh
Medt-medt ydha tkrfdsun nk ldjdf amjmhadh Ekhzmlbdzkpbh dldjdg Djprdzmjdf,
Lbdzkpdf, Ermtbzmjdf, Njmedzdf, Gdjdzkpdf, ldh jdbh-jdbh

5. Amjmadh Edrebturdt
Medt-medt ydha tkrfdsun nk ldjdf amjmadh Edrebturdt dldjdg @khmedrebtdj,
Yknmedrebtdj. \bmpkhtdj. Dfmedrebtdj, Eutdedrebtdj, ldh jdbh-jdbh

9 . A m j mh a dh J d b h
Med t - me d t y dh a tk r f dsun nk ldjdf amjmhad jdbh dldjdg
Sdrdjlkgbl, Njmrdj gblrdt, Ktnjmrvbhmj, Ajutktbfbl, ldh jdbh-jdbh.

@khmedrebtdj-Hd fkrupdndh sdjdg sdtu medt amjmhadh Edrebturdt. Edrebturdt

fkrupdndh lkrbvdt dsdf edrebturdt (5,<,0-trbmnsmgknsd-gblrmpbrbfblbh). K`kn utdfd ldrb
edrebturdt dldjdg lkprksb YYS. Ykfud tbhandt lkprksb ldpdt lbidpdb, fujdb ldrb skldsb,
gbphmsbs, ekredadb tbhandt dhdstksbd, nmfd, sdfpdb nkfdtbdh.
 b. Ytruntur @khmedrebtdj

bb. Amjmhadh @drfdnmjmab

@khmedrebtdj fkrupdndh sdjdg sdtu medt amjmhadh Edrebturdt ydha fkrumdndh medt
amjmhadh skldtb`-gbphmtbn.

bbb. @drfdnmnbhktbn
@khmedrebtdj fkrupdndh sdjdg sdtu medt amjmhadh Edrebturdt ydha fkrumdndh medt
amjmhadh skldtb`-gbphmtbn. Ykgbhaad fkfbjbnb k`kn `drfdnmnbhktbn ydha fkhykrupdb Edrebturdt.
Mrdj edrebturdt lbdesmpsb ikpdt ldh skfpurhd. Edrebturdt ldjdf ekhtun Hdtruf adrdffyd
tkrdesmpsb jkebg ikpdt ldrbpdld ekhtun dsdf ekedshyd tkrutdfd obnd lbekrbndhd ldjdf ekhtun
sklbddh idbr. Fujd nkrod ekrvdrbdsb dhtdrd 43-03 fkhbt. Ykidrd suhtundh BP Edrebturdt lbauhdndh
uhtun fkhadtdsb stdtus kpbjkpsb, ldh fkhabhlunsb skrtd fkfpkrtdgdhndh dhkstksb ufuf.

Edrebturdt lblbstbeusbndh skidrd juds ldh ldpdt jkwdt pjdskhtd, edrebturdt sdhadt jdrut
ldjdf jkfdn, ydha lbauhdndh skedadb pkhabhlunsb dhkstks. Yktkjdg pkfekrbdh skidrd BP,
dndh lbtbfeuf ldjdf odrbhadh mtmt. Gdj bhb fkhykedendh pkhuruhdh ndldrhyd ldjdf pjdsfd
ldh mtdn skidrd ikpdt. Yktkjdg lkpmt kfdn okhug, tkrodlb rklbstrbeusb nk djbrdh sbstkfbn,
dnbedthyd pkfujbgdh sktkjdg pkfekrbdh edrebturdt sdhadt jdrut jkfdn fkfeutugndh wdntu ydha
jdfd.

Fktdemjbsfk `khmedrebtdj tkrodlb lb gdtb ekrupd gblrmnsbjdsb ldh nmhouadsb nk suj`dt dtdu
dsdf ajunurmhdt, lbbnutb mjkg knsnrksb fkjdjub abhodj. Qdntu pdrug `khmedrebtdj dldjdg ldrb ;3
sdfpdb 433 odf. @khmedrebtdj lbfktdemjbsfk tkrutdfd mjkg sbstkf khzbf fbnrmsmfdj gdtb,
ldh prmlun-prmlun fktdemjbsfk lbknsnrksbndh ldjdf urbh, ldh ldjdf tbhod

Yknbtdr 5; sdfpdb ;3 pkrskh ldrb lmsbs `khmedrebtdj lbgbjdhandh tbldn ekruedg ldjdf
urbh. Knsnrksb edrebturdt ydha tbldn lbfktdemjbsfk dldjdg sdjdg sdtu `btur ydha fkfekldndh
ndtkamrb jmha-ditbha ldrb fkrknd ydha tkrfdsun ndtkamrb jdbh amjmhadh edrebturdt ydha gdfpbr
skjurughyd lbfktdemjbsfk. Fktdemjbt dntb` ldrb edrebturdt lbknsnrksbndh skedadb nmhouadt ldrb
dsdf ajunurmhdt.

bv. @drfdnmlbhdfbn
@khmedrebtdj fkrupdndh sdjdg sdtu medt amjmhadh Edrebturdt ydha fkrumdndh medt
amjmhadh skldtb`-gbphmtbn. Ykgbhaad fkfbjbnb k`kn `drfdnmnbhktbn ydha fkhykrupdb
Edrebturdt. Edrebturdt tbldn ldpdt fkhaurdhab rdsd hykrb tdhpd lbsktdb gbjdhahyd nksdldrdh, ldh
lmsbs nkibj edrebturdt ldpdt fkhbhandtndh rkdnsb tkrgdldp rdhasdhadh hykrb. Sdld ekekrdpd
bhlbvblu, ldh ldjdf nkdlddh tkrtkhtu, fbsdjhyd dld rdsd sdnbt edrebturdt tbldn
fkhykedendh
skldsb fkjdbhndh fdjdg fkhbfeujndh knsbtdsb (nkakjbsdgdh ldh lkjbrbuf). Gdj bhb fuhanbh
lbskedendh dldhyd lkprksb pusdt pkhagdfedtdh.
 Edrebturdt eknkrod pdld skjurug YYS, wdjdupuh pdld sktbdp tkfpdt tbldn sdfd
nudthyd. Lmsbs hmh dhkstksb tkrutdfd fkhkndh rkspmh pdsid sbhdps. Skhagdfedtdh gdhyd tkrodlb
pdld sbhdps ADED-hkrabn. Qdjdupuh lkfbnbdh k`kn ydha tkrodlb fuhabh tbldn fkjdjub ADED
skedadb fklbdtmr. Edrebturdt fkfpkrjbgdtndh ekekrdpd k`kn ydha ekrekld pdld knstdsb ldh
bhgbebsb trdhsfbsb sbhdptbn. Ndpdsbtds edrebturdt fkfedhtu nkrod ADED skedabdh fkhykrupdb
nkrod ekhzmlbdzkpbh, hdfuh pdld lmsbs ydha jkebg tbhaab edrebturdtk ldpdt fkhbfeujndh lkprksb
YYS ydha ekrdt. Edrebturdt fkhykedendh lkpksb hd`ds ydha skedhlbha lkhadh eksdrhyd lmsbs.
Skfekrbdh edrebturdt lmsbs skldtb` gdfpbr tbldn ekrpkhadrug tkrgdldp pkrhd`dsdh, skldhandh
lmsbs gbphmtbn mrdj fkykedendh pkhaurdhadh `rknukhsb ldh dfpjbtulm hd`ds, vkhtbjdsb djvkmjb
sklbnbt ekrnurdha, sksudb nkdlddh tblur `bsbmjmabs.

v. K`kn Ydfpbha
K`kn sdfpbha ydha fuhanbh tkrodlb ldjdf pkhaauhddh medt turuhdh edrebturdt dldjdg ?
d. Gdhamvkr / D`tkr K``kits
Akodjd bhb fkrupdnd rksblu lkprksb YYS sktkjdg k`kn gbphmtbn ekrdngbr. Ldpdt
tkrodlbekekrdpd gdrb sktkjdg pkfekrbdh med lbgkhtbndh. K`kn rksblu fuhanbh
ekrupd vkrtbam,fudj, fuhtdg, dtdu lbdrk. Ndldha-ndldha tbfeuj nkjdbhdh kfmsbmhdj ldh `mebd
ldpdt ekrtdfedg gkedt.
e. Knsbtdsb Sdrdlmnsdj
Sdld ekekrdpd bhlbvblu, pkfdndbdh ujdha edrebturdt (tkrutdfd pgkhmedretbtdj
ldh
Hlksfktbj edrebturdt) jkebg fkhbfeujndh knsbtdsb ldrbpdld lkprksb. Blbmsbhnrdsb bhb
rkjdtbl ufuf tkrodlb lbdhtdrd pdsbkh usbd jdhout ldh tkrekjdndha.
i. Udsd Hykrb
Edrebturdt skskndjb fkhbfhunndh fbdjabd, hkurdjabd, drtrdrabd, tkrutdfd mdld mdsbkh
psbnmhkutrbtbn ydha fkhlkrbtd bhsmfhbd. Ebjd lbekrbndh ldjdf nkdlddh hykrb ldpdt
fkhbfeundh akjbsdg knsbtdsb edgndh lkjbrbuf.

vb. Lmsbs ldh Bhlbndsb

Edrebturdt lbekrbndh pdld tkrdpb ldrurdt nkodha, skpkrtb tktdhus, knjdfsbd, stdtus
kpbjkpsb, pkrldrdgdh skrkerdj, ldh nkrdiuhdh nmhvujsdh. Sgkhmedrebtdj pdjbha skrbha lbauhdndh
ndrkhd dntbvbtds nmhvujsdhhyd. \dpb fujd nkrod medt bhb nurdha ikpdt, edgndh pdld pkfekrbdh BP
fdsbg lbeutugndh wdntu 4; fkhbt ddtdu jkebg uhtun fkhidpdt6b ndldr puhidn lb mtdn.
Sgkhmedrebtdj lbauhdndh uhtun fkhamedrb gbpkrebjbruebhkfbd ldh nkrhbitkrus pdld
hkmhdtus, ndrkhd pkhaauhddhhyd ldpdt fkhdbnndh ajunurmhbtrdhs`krdsk gdtb ldh bndtdh ebjbruebh
R prmtkbh. Lmsbs Jdzbf Hd-Sgkhmedrebtdj fkhurut @B BBB dldjdg 5fa/na obnd lbekrbndh
skedadb skldtbv ldh skeksdr 9-;fa/na obnd lbekrbndh skedadb dhtb nmhvujsdh 9 ndjb skgdrb.
BBB. DJD\ & EDGDH
Djdt
 Djdt suhtbn 4fj
 Odruf suhtbn hm.47

 \bfedhadh fkhibt
 Umtdry rmdl
Edgdh
 Jdr.lbdzkpdf 3.3;%
 Sgkhmedrebtdj
Gkwdh uob ? fkhibt

BP. IDUD NKUOD

4. Fdsbha-fdsbhanjmfpmn fkhaauhdndh 0 knmr fkhibt ydha lb edab ldjdf
5 njmfpmn
5. \dhldb fdsbha-fdsbha fkhibt ldh tbfedha
9. Nkj 4 lbsuhtbndh Sgkhmedrebtdj ,nkj 5 lbsuhtbndh jdrutdh lbdzkpdf ldh nkj 9
lb ekrb hd ifi skedadb imhtrmj hadtbvk
<. Yktkjdg 4; fkhbt pkfekrbdh medt ,jktdnndh gkwdh pdld rmtdry rml ldh ididt
wdntu gkwdh tkrodtug ldrb djdt pdld nkikpdtdh 9,dfdtb ouad pdld fkhbt nk 93 ldh
<;

;. Idtdt ouad pkhadfdtdh dntbvbtds jdbh dpd ydha tkrjbgdt ( nkdntbvdh fkhibt
ldh wdntu fkhibt tkrtblur
P. GDYBJ
Skrgbtuhadh vdm nkjmfpmn 4
Ee ? 53 a
Lmsbs Jufbhdj 3.;fa/53a
I? 5.; ffaa//ffjj
Pdm 6 eeee xx
. llmmssbb
Pdm 6 ss
nnmmhhs
s

Skrgbttuuhhaaddhh mn 5
vvddmm
Ee ? 5nnkkjjmmffpp

Lmsbs 33 aa
I? 5.; JJuuffbbhhddjj
Pdm 6 33..00ffaa//5533
. aa ffaa//ffjj

Pdm 6 eeee xx
llmmssbb
5,; fa/fj
6 3.5< fj

Skrgbtuhadh vdm nkjmfpmn 9

Ee ? 53 a
Lmsbs Jufbhdj 3.1fa/53a
I? 5.; fa/fj
Pdm 6 ee x lmsbs
. nnmmhhss
Pdm 6 5533 aa xx 33..11
ffaa//5533aa
55,,;;
ffaa//f
fjj
66 33..5577 ffjj
Skrgbtuhadh vdm nkjmfpmn <
Ee ? 53 a
Lmsbs lbdzkpdf 3.49fa/53a
I? 5.; ffaa//ffjj
Pdm 6 eeee xx
. llmmssbb
Pdm 6 ss
nnmmhhs
s
Skrgbttuuhhaaddhh mn ;
vvddmm
Ee ? 5nnkkjjmmffpp
Lmsbs 33 aa 3a
I? 5.; llbbddzzkkppddff

Pdm 6 33..3355ffaa//55
. ffaa//ffjj
Pdm 6 eeee xx
5,; fa/fj
6 3.337 fj

Skrgbtuhadh vdm nkjmfpmn 0

Ee ? 53 a
Lmsbs lbdzkpdf 3.49fa/53a
I? 5.; fa/fj
Pdm 6 ee x lmsbs
. nnmmhhss
Pdm 6 5533 aa xx 33..4499
ffaa//5533aa
55,,;;
ffaa//f
fjj
66 33..33;;55
ffjj
 Skrgbttuuhhaaddhh vvddmm nnkkjjmmffppmmnn 11
Ee ? 533 aa
Lmsbs llbbddzzkkppddff
I? 5.; 33..3355ffaa//5533
Pdm 6 aa ffaa//ffjj
. eeee xx
Pdm 6 llmmssbb
ss 5,; fa/fj
6 3.337 fj

nnkk
j llmmss
b ss b DDnnttvvb ddssffmmmmrr
b b nn UUddssdd
b j bhhaa
hhddgguu ‒ @@ddss
‒ nnuu ddss
‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒
b j , 44;; 9933 <<;; 0033 44;; 9933 <<;; 0033
44;; 9933 <<;; 0033
44 JJuuff hhdd 33 ;; ↙↙ ↙↙ ↔↔  ↔↔   
 
b j 
, 
ffaa//5533 aa
55 b j , hhdd 33 00
JJuuff ↙↙ ↙↙ ↙↙ ↔↔    
   
b ,
ffaa//5533aa
99 JJuuff hhdd 33 11  ↙↙  ↙↙   ↙↙ 
 b  
, 
ffaa//5533aa
<< LL
b ddzzkkppddff
, 33 4499   ↙↙ ↙↙   ↙↙ ↙↙
   
ffaa//5533aa
b ,
;; LL ddzzkkppddff 33 3355   ↙↙ ↙↙   ↙↙ ↙↙
   
j j
ffaa//5533aa
00 LL ddzzkkppddff 33 4499   ↙↙ ↙↙   ↙↙ ↙↙
   
ffaa//5533aa
11 LL ddzzkkppddff 33 3355   ↙↙ ↙↙   ↙↙ ↙↙
 Lmsbs Odugldrbrmdrmdl rkfmr Ukspmh↙
Qdnu

4;‒ 93‒ <;‒ 03‒ 4;‒ 93‒ <;‒ 03‒ 4;‒ 93‒ <;‒ 03‒ (\blur)
Jufbhdj 3,; fa/53 a 44 ln 49 ln < ln 41 ln         -
Jufbhdj 3,0 fa/53a 1 ln 7 ln 0 ln 0 ln         2,7
Jufbhdj 3,1 fa/53a 43 ln 1 ln ; 5 ln         -
Lbdzkpdf 3,49 fa/53a 1 ln ; ln 5 ln
ln 4 ln         -
Lbdzkpdf 3,35 fa/53a 0 ln 0 ln < ln 5 ln         -
Lbdzkpdf 3,49 fa/53a 49 ln 2 ln 0 ln 5 ln         -
Lbdzkpdf 3,35 fa/53a 7 ln ; ln 9 ln 4 ln         -
Imhrmj HdIj 4 ln 4 ln 4 ln 4 ln         -

Nkkrdhadh ?

 ? Dld rk spmh/ rkspmhsdfdlkhadh ydha skekjufhyd

 ? \bldndldrkspmh

↔ ?Ukspmhfkhbhand

↙ ?Ukspmhfkhuruh
PB. SKFEDGDYDH
Sdld prdntbnuf ndjb bhb ydbtu thtdha gbphmtbn skldtbvk,lbfdhd prdntbnuf bhb ekrtuoudh uhtun
fkhakrtb ldh fkfdgdfb fdhb`kstdsb sbstkf sdrd` pusdt skidrd ekrjebg-jkebgdh bhb ldpdt lb dtdsb
ldh nmhskp `drfdnmlbhdfbn ydha fkjdhldsb .

Gbphmtbn skldtbvk fkrupdndh amjmhadh medt lkprksdh susuhdh sdrd` pusdt (ssp) ydha rkjdtbvk
tbldn skjkntb` ,fujdb ldrb ydha rbhadh ydbtu fkhykedendh tkhdha dtdu ndhtun ,fkhblurndh gbhaad
ydha ekrdt ( nkiudjb ekhzm lbdzkpdf ) ydbtu gbjdha hyd nksdldrdh ndlddh dhkstksb ,nmfd ldh
fdtb ,ekradhtuha pdld lmsbs .tkrdpb pdld lmsbs medt skldtbvk fkrupdndh dntbvbtds ,fhuruhndh
rkspmh tkrgdldp pkrdhasdhadh kfmsb ldh ffkhdhandh skldhandh medt gbphmtbn fhykede ndh
nhtun ldh fkfpkrfuldg tblur skrtd fkfpkrtdgdh ndh tblur ydha fkhykrupdb tblur `bsbmjmabs.

Medt ydha lb ahdndh ldjdf pkhauobdh bhb bdjdg jufbhdj ldh lbdzkpdf ,jufbhdj
fkrupdndh medt amjmhadh edrebturdtk .jufbhdj lb skeut oad Sgkhmedrebtdj .fkndhbsfk nkrod
ldrb jufbhdj
bdjdg medt bhb eknod jdhasuha pdld rkskptmr aded skgbhaad ndhdj njmrbld tkreund jkebg jdfd ydha
fkfeudt njmrbld fdsun skgbhaad ndhdj njmrbld tkreund ldh fkhykedendh gbpkr pmjdrbsdsb ldh
pkhaurdhadh skhsbvbtds skj ADED ..

Sdld prdntbnuf ndjb bhb lbauhdndh jufbhdj lkhadh 9 skrb lmsbs pdld nkjmfpmn sdtu lkhadh
lmsbs 3.;fa/naee ,pdld nkjmfpmn lud 3.0fa/naee, skldhandh pdld nkjmfpmn 9 3.1fa /53a .
Sdld medt jufbhdj 3.; fa/53a ydha lb gdsbj ndh mjkg nkjmfpmn sdtu lb ldpdt gdsbj dntbvbtds
fmtmrbn pdld 4;‒ ldh 93 ‗ lb ldpdt gdsbj dntbvbtds fmtmrbn hyd fkhuruh ldh pdld <;‒ dntbvbtds
fmtmrbn hyd fkhdbn ldh pdld 03‒ dld rkspmh sdfd skpkrtb rksmh skekjufhyd ,skldhandh pdld
gdsbj rdsd bhabh tdu gkwdh uob lb ldpdt gdsbj fkhbhandt hyd gkwdh uob pdld 4;‒ , ldh pdld wdntu
93‒ , <;‒ ,03‒ rkspmh ydha lb ekrbndh sdfd lkhadh rkspmh ydha lb gdsbjndh skekjuf
hyd
.skldhandh pdld pkhauobdh `dsbnujdsb ldh trkfmr gkwdh uob tbldn dld rkspmh sdfd skndjb
, skldhandh pdld phauobdh rmtdry rmdl gkwdh uob ldpdt ekrtdgdh dtdu odtug ldrb rmtdry rmdl
ybtu pdld wdntu 44 lktbn ,49 lktbn , < lktbn ldh 41 lktbn ,ldh rkspmh fujdb fkhuruh
pdld
4;‒,93‒<;‒03‒.ldh tbldn fkhykede ndh gkwdh uob tblur.
 Ykjdhout hyd pdld lmsbs jufbhdj 3.0 fa /53a lb ldpdt gdsbj dntbvbtds fmtmrbn hyd skjdju
fhuruh pdld wdntu 4;‒,93‒<;‒ ldh 03‒.jdju pdld k`kn rdsd bhabh tdgu gwdh uob fkfekrbndh
rkspmh pdld stbdp wdntu pkhauobdh hyd , skldhandh pdld `dsbnujdsb ldh trkfmr medt bhb tbldn
fferbndh k`n sdfd skndjb .skldhandh pdld pkhauobdh gkwdh uob odtug ldrb rmtdry lb ldpdt gdsbj
pdld wdntu uob 1 lktbn ,7 lktbn,0 lktbn,0lktbn , ldrb wdntu 4;‒,93‒<;‒ ldh 03‒ ldh rksph hyd
skfdnbh fkhuruh ldh fkhykedendh tblur.

Sdld lmsbs 3.1 fa/53a lb ldpdt ndh gdsbj dntbvbtds fmtmrbn gkwdh uob pdld wdntu 4;‒,93‒<;‒
ldh 03‒ ydbtu fkfekrbndh k`kn ,jdju k`kn fkhuruh jdju fkfekrbndh k`kn nkfedjb ldh fhuruh
nkfedjb , sldhandh rdsd bhabh tdu gkwdh uob fkfekrbndh k`kn rdtdrdtd niudjb pdld wdntu <;‒
,sldhandh pdld `dsbnujdsb gdhyd ffekrbndh `n pdld 4;‒ sdod ,ldh rkspmh hyd skfdnbh fkhuruh ,
skldhandh pdld trkfmr jufbhdj skidrd nkskjurugdh tbldn fkhykedendh trkfmr sdfd sndjb ,ldh
nktdgdhdh gkwdh uob pdld odtug ldrb rmtdry rmdl wdntu 4;‒,93‒<;‒ ldh 03‒ lb ldpdtndh gdsbj 43

lktbn 1 lktbn ,; lktbn ldh 5 lktbn .

Ldrb gdsbj nkskjurugdh lmsbs gkwdh uob fkhibt ydha fkfeudt fkhibt odtug ldrb rmtdry rmdl
jkebg ikpdt bydjdg lmsbs ydha trtbhaab.jufbhdj lbauhdndh skedadb medt gbphmtbn ldh skldtbvk
skjdbhbtu jufbhdj jufbhdj lb auhdnh uhtun fkhamedtb kpbjkpsy dtdu nkodha-nkodha mjkg ndrhd btu
pfekrbdh medt bhb pdld gkwdh uob tbldn fkhadjdfb nkodha-nkodha .

Ykjdhouthyd pkhauobdh lkhadh medt lbdzkpdf lkhadh lmsbs 3.49fa/53 a pdld nkjmfpmn <
ldh 0 skldhandh pdld lmsbs lbdzkpdf lkhadh lmsbs 3.35fa/53a. ldrb gdsbj ydha lb ldpdt pdld
lmsbs 3.49fa /53 a ydha lbnkrodndh pdld nkjmfpmn < ldh 0 lb ldpt gdsbj fkfekrbndh k`kn
fmtmrbn ydha sdfd ydbtu pdld wdntu 4; ldh 93‒ ffekrbndh rkspmh dtdu k`kn ,skldhandh pdld
<;‒ldh 03 ‗ k`kn hyd fujdb fhuruh ,jdju pdld rdsd bhabh tdu wdh uob lb ldpdt gdsbj 4; ldh 93‒
ffekrbndh k`kn ldh pdld <;‒ ldh 03 ‗ `kn rdsd bhabh tdgu gkwdh uob fujdb fkhuruh ,skldhandh
pdld `dsbnujdsb gdhyd fkhbfeujndh k`kn pdld 4;‒ sjebg hyd tbldn fkfekrbndh
k`kn.sldhandh pdld trkfmr tbldn fkfbjbnb dtdu tbldn fkhykedendh gkwdh uob nkodha nkodha
.pdld phauobdh lkhadh rmtdry rmdl lb ldpdt ndh gdsbj nkj < , 1lktbn ,; lktbn ,5 lktbn ,4 lktbn ,
pdld nkj 0 49 lktbn
2 lktbn,0 lktbn ldh 5 lktbn pdld pkhauobdh wdntu 4;‒,93‒<;‒ ldh 03‒.gdsbj ydha sklbnbt ekrekld

hdfuh fuhanbh lb ndrkhd ndh nktdgdhdh ldrb fhibt btu skhlbrb dtdu lmsbs tbldn fdsun skjrug hyd
 Ykldhandh pdld lmsbs nkj ; ldh 1 k`kn fmtmrbn ydha lbtbfeujndh sdfd lkhadh nkj
skekjuf hyd lb ldpdt ndh gdsbj dntbbtds fmtmrbn ydha sdfd pdld nkj < ldh 0 ,skldhandh pdld
pkhauobdh rdsd bhabh tdgu lb ldpdt ndh gdsbj 4;‒ ldh 93‒ ffekrbndh rkspmh ldh pdld fkhbt <;‒
ldh 03‒ lb ldpdt rkspmh fujdb fkhagbjdha . pdld phauobdh `dsbnujdsb gdhyd pdld 4;‒
fkfekrbndh k`kn
.skldhandh pdld odtug ldrb rmtdrkl gdsbj hyd jkebg ikpdt lb edhlbha lmsbs pdld nkj < ldh 0 , ldh
tbldn fkhbfeujndh trkfmr ,skldhandh pdld rkspmh khruh gdhyd nkj; pdld fkhbt pkhauobdh hyd
fkfekrbndh k`kn skldhandh pdld nj 1 gdhyd pdld wdntu 5;‒,93 ‗ ,fkfekrbndh rkspmh , gj bh
fuhanb lb ndrhd ndh ntdgdhdh pdld fkhibt btu skhlbrb , lmsbs ya lb ekrbndh tbldn fdsun skjurug
hyd ydha fhykede ndh gdsbj ekrekld.

Ykjdhout hyd pkhauobdh tkrdngbr lkhadh hdij ,pdld pkhauobdh bhb hdij ekr`uhasb
skedadb nmhtrmj , tuoudh lb ekrbndh hyd uhtun fkfedhlbhandh dhtdrd fkhibt ydha lb ekrbndh
pkrjdnudh lkhadh tbldn lb ekrb pkrjdnudh pdld prdntbnuf bhb ydha lb ekrbndh hdij
bhb gkwdh uob

fkfekrbndh k`kn dntbvbtds fmtmrbn , rdsd bhabh tdgu ,pdld `dsbnujdsb gdhyd pdld 4;‒ fkfekrbndh
rkspmh pdld wdntu jdbh hyd tbldn ,ldh rkspmh hyd oad hmrfdj .
PBB. NKYBFS[JDH
 Gbphmtbn dldjdg medt ydha lb ekrbndh pdld fdjdf gdrb ldjdf lmsbs tkrdpb
ldpdt fkfpkrtbfaab nkbhabhdh teg hmrfdj uhtun tblur
 Ykldtbvk dldjdg medt ydha fhbfeujndh lkprksb rbhadh pdld ssp tddhpd
fkhykedendh tblur lkhadh k`kn fkhkhdhandh ldh tbldn fkfeudt nkodha nkodha
 Lbdzkpdf fkrupdndh medt amjmhadh ekhzmlbdzkpbhk ydha eknrod lkhadh
tbldn fkhadntb`ndh rksptmr ADED tktdpb fkhbhandtndh nkpknddh rskptmr ADED
tkrgdldp hkurmtrdhsfbtr pkhagdfedt . mhst mh ditbmh ldrb lbdzkpdf skidrd bp ydbtu 4-;
fhbt
 Jufbhdj fkrupdndh medt amjmhadh edrebturdt ydha eknkrod jdhasuha pdld
rkskptmr
ADED ,fujdb nrod medt bhb ydbtu 53-03 fkhbt .
 Hdij lbauhdndh skedadb nmhtrmj dtdu sedad pkfedhlbha
 LD@\DU S[Y\DND
.Adhbswdrd, 422;,@drfdnmjmab ldh \krdpb ,[hbvkrsbtds Bhlmhksbd Edabdh @drfdnmjmab @dnujtds
Nklmntkrdh , Odndrtd
Fkykrs, G.@., kt dB, 4210, Ukvbkw m` Fklbidj Sgdrfdimjmay Klbtbmh v, Jdhak Fklbidj
Suejbidtbmhs, Idjb`mrhbd, pdak ? 511 - 571.
Ybrtmrb IU, 5333,Ijbhbidj Sgdrfdimjmay,FiArdw-Gbjj Bhtkrhdtbmhdj , Jmhlmh
Yydrb`, Dfbr lnn., 5331,@drfdnmjmab ldh \krdpb Klbsb ;, @N[B , Odndrtd
\ody, \dh Gmdh & Udgdrlod, Nbrdhd, 5331,Medt-Medt Skhtbha Ngdsbdt Skhaauhddh & K`kn ’
K`kn Ydfpbhahyd, S\ Kjkx Fklbd Nmfputbhlm, Odndrtd
PBBB. SKU\DHRDDH LDH ODQDEDH
4.medt-medt jdbh dpd sdod ndg ydha ldpdt fkhaadhtbndh pkrdhdh lbdzkpdf
ldjdf knspkrbfkh bhb =
Odwde ?
Amjmhad edreb turdt ? dfmedrebtdj,pkhtmedrebtdj,dphmedrebtdj,sknmrederebtds
Amjmhadh ekhzmlbdzkpbhk ? njmrdzkpdf ,`jurd zkpdf
,njmrlbdzkpmnsbld,mnsdzkpdf
,njmedzkpdf , jmrdzkpdf ,ijmedzkpdf .
5.lbsnusbndh dpd sdod irbtkrbd `drfdnmlbhdfbn uhtun sudtu medt dhtbpyrktbi,skgueuhadh
lkhadh bsu dpdndg lbdzkpdf iunup edbn sedadb dhtbpbjptbnd =
Odwde ?
Irbtkrbd `drfdnmlbhdfbn uhtun medt dhtb kpbjkpsb dldjdg fkfekrbndh k`kn dhtbmnsbldh
tdhpd fkhykedendh lkprksb pdld sbstkf sdrd` pusdt ,medt dhtb kpbjkpsy ,gkhldnhyd ebds

ekrk`kn nktbnd lbauhdndh ldjdf lmsbs ydha rkhldg ldh tkrkhldg

9.okjdsndhjdg uhtun phamedtdh pkhydnbt dpd sdodndg medt-medt amjmhadh gbphmtbn skldtbvk
lbauhdndh =
Odwde?
Bhsmfhbd,dhtb kpbjkpsb, dhtb nmhsujvdh