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Effect of Modulation Techniques on the Performance of Voice and Video

Service for WiMAX Networks in Baghdad

Conference Paper · March 2018

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 Effect of Modulation techniques on the
performance of Voice and Video Service for
WiMAX Networks in Baghdad
Haider M. Turki AL-HILFI1, Bassam A. Salih 2 and Mustafa S. Mustafa3
1
Dep. Telecommunication, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication & Information Technology University
“Polytechnic” of Bucharest.
2
Assistant Lecturer, Dept.of Electrical Engineering, University of kufa/Iraq
3
Senior Network Engineer, Newroz Telecom, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
 Service for voice and video services is a problem in
Abstract- With the growing and widespread variety of
wireless networking technologies such as “Worldwide
Interoperability for Microwave Access” (WiMAX) the
number of users of internet devices continues to grow. For
WiMAX, network stability is highly dependent on the
"Quality of Service" (QoS) and connection with the internet
requires adequate bandwidth, especially for voice and video
services. The quality of service for voice and video services is
a problem in internet communication as a whole. One way to
maintain the stability of the service quality is to use a
modulation technique, where the modulation technique
enables adjustment of a signal modulation pattern which
depends on the signal to noise ratio (SNR) condition. In this
article, we study and compare the types of modulation QPSK,
16QAM, and 64QAM for WiMAX Network in Baghdad. The
obtained test results are compared in terms of the delay,
throughput, Block error rate (BLER) and signal to noise ratio
(SNR) for different modulation techniques.
Keywords: Modulation, Voice, Video, WiMAX.
I. INTRODUCTION
In recent years there has been significant
advancements in various networking technologies in
wireless communications such as "Worldwide
Interoperability for Microwave Access" (WiMAX), can
enable more number of users to use internet. Most
internet usage today revolves around wireless internet
access and mobile devices. WiMAX, is one of the
Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) technologies that
has a very high access speed and a wide range.
Referring to the WiMAX standard issued by the 802.16
"Institute of Electrical Engineering" (IEEE), generally, it
is observed that this standard continuously developed
with variants that have advantages over the use or
certain conditions. The variants include 802.16a,
802.16.d-2004, and 802.16e [1]. The stability of WiMAX
networks is highly dependent on "quality of service"
(QoS) because at the moment connection with the
internet is established bandwidth requirement for
voice and video services must satisfied. The quality of
internet communications as a whole. One way to
maintain the stability of service quality is to use a
modulation technique, which allows the regulation of a
signal modulation pattern that depends on the signal to
noise ratio (SNR) condition. If the channel condition is
not good then lower order modulation can be used to
keep the stability intact, and when good quality channel
conditions are found, higher order modulation can be
exploited so as to provide greater capacity. Therefore,
this research performs the design and analysis of
WiMAX network for voice and video services by
applying QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM modulation [2]
[3] [4].
The modulation technique used in WiMAX
is adaptive modulation technique based on Binary
Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quartrature Phase Shift
Keying (QPSK) and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
(QAM) [4]. The adaptive modulation technique is one of
the features of WiMAX, where the channel conditions
and SNR values affect the use of different modulation
schemes. If the channel conditions are bad, then WiMAX
will adapt by changing the modulation scheme to a
lower level so that seamless communication is
maintained. Adaptive modulation technique and its
application in mobile WiMAX is as one of the research
materials that will be addressed in this paper [5], [6]
and [7]. Generally, voice and video applications require
low latency while data errors can be tolerated. But the
vice versa applies in the application of data delivery
where, latency can be tolerated but data errors cannot
be tolerated. The ability to allocate proper frequency
channels on WiMAX makes it possible to decrease the
error rate and improve QoS. Another aspect available
on QoS in WiMAX is that data rate manageability which
is determined by link analysis between Base Station
(BS) and Subscriber Station (SS). Availability of good
channel gain between BS and SSs will determine the
amount of data rate that can be delivered to the users.
The size of the data rate is based on the type of
modulation available (64 QAM, 16 QAM or QPSK).
Usually, if a subscriber is far away from the BS, then the
data rate that can be delivered will be low as lower
order modulation will be exploited by the network.
However, 64 QAM modulation is the best modulation
technique that can support very high data rate [8], [9]
and [10].
There exists a lot of research on QoS in
WiMAX. In [2], [5], the authors evaluate the
performance of modulation and their impact on QoS in
WiMAX network. In [1], investigation is presented on
the physical layer performance on the basis of BER,
SNR for a typical WiMAX network. Performance
evaluation of a WiMAX system under different
combinations of digital modulation (BPSK, QPSK, 4-
QAM and 16-QAM) using different communication
channels is presented in [2]. In [3] the authors present
an analysis and a comparison of the QoS performance
for fixed and mobile WiMAX networks, with respect to
the type of modulation technique used. To be specific,
the authors have employed QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM
in their work.
The aim of this work is to examine and
improve the performance of QoS in WiMAX through the
use of better modulation technique based on the
channel conditions. The paper also analyses the
capability of a WiMAX network in producing the best
QoS in voice and Video applications under varying
network load conditions. The methodologies include
the creation of WiMAX and adoption of applications
required to provide best QoS possible for streaming
voice. The simulations are carried out by OPNET 14.5
Modelor for different codecs.
In this article, we study and evaluate the
performance of different modulation techniques in
WiMAX Network in Baghdad city using QPSK, 16QAM,
and 64QAM ([2], [3], [4], [8], and [13]). To be specific,
the performance of QoS based on integrated WiMAX
network is being studied.
This article is organized as follows: Section 2:
Presents the theoretical basis and the components of
the WiMAX network as well as the presentation of the
theoretical aspects of the modulation. In Section 3: The
network model is described along with the discussions
on simulation results and comparative analyses.
Finally, Section 4 concludes the article.
II. THEORETICAL BASIS.
A. WiMAX Network
WiMax is a type of transmission media and
technology for Broadband Internet access (broadband
access). This allows users to connect very well and the
data transfer rates are also very quick. WiMAX provides
better coverage than other transmission media such as
(WiFi network, infrared, Bluetooth). In data link layer
(on layer modeling in a computer network), WiMAX is
connection-oriented. This means that users can easily
use multimedia services and improved service quality
on computer networks. WiMAX has four architectural
components, namely "Base Station" (BS), "Subscriber
Station" (SS), "Mobile Subscriber" (MS) and "Relay
Station" (RS). In BS, the node connects to the carrier's
network device, and also maintains the subscriber
device along with arranging access to the carrier's
network. The requirement of the BS is the
infrastructure that enables wireless communication, i.e.
antenna, transceiver and other electromagnetism wave
transmission equipment. BS can also be used as a
master relay-base station in the context of multi-hop
topology. The "Subscriber Station" (SS) is a fixed
wireless node which communicates with the BS and is
available in both outdoor and indoor models. The MS is
a wireless node that works at vehicle speed and
supports enhanced power management mode of
operation. Most MS devices are small and are self-
powered [3], [5], [6] and [13].
B. Modulation techniques
To enable WiMAX with the use of adaptive
modulation it is essential to figure out where to set the
modulation signal pattern and that depends on the
condition of the SNR of the radio link. The use of
adaptive modulation and coding is used by users within
the base station coverage, based on the state of the
signal condition between the user and the transmitter.
Under poor signal conditions, modulation techniques
that are resistant to interference with higher coding
rates are used and in good signal conditions,
modulation techniques that contain more information
and low coding rates are used. The low-order QPSK
modulation technique has a more resistant interruption
characteristic but the speed of information delivery is
slower because the formed signal contains only little
information. The use of adaptive modulation depends
on the channel conditions. We can see a general
approximation of the channel conditions required for
the different modulation techniques in figure 1.
Fig. 1. Adaptive modulation and coding.
In order to increase the range the network can
switch to lower order modulation like BPSK or QPSK.
However, higher order modulation such as 16 or 64
QAM can be employed to increase the throughput. In
addition, adaptive modulation allows the system to
overcome fading and other disturbances. Modulations
used in WiMAX networks are BPSK, QPSK, 16 QAM and
64 QAM.

III. SIMULATION RESULTS AND COMPARATIVE

ANALYSIS

In this section, comparisons and analysis of

response time is presented for the two scenarios:
“Voice Service” and “Video Service” and the quality of
service (QoS) parameter test is performed in terms of
delay, throughput, BLER, and SNR [3] when adaptively
switching to different modulation techniques on
WiMAX network. QoS test is carried out to observe the
effect on the above-mentioned metrics when various
modulation techniques (QPSK to 64 QAM) are
employed for voice and video transmissions. From the
results, QoS provided by the WiMAX network under
modulation conditions for voice and video services can
be easily found. The results of the test are described as Fig. 2. Comparison of Delay for Voice Service
follows.
A. Voice Service 2- Throughput for Voice Service

The voice communication is a correction Throughput refers to number of successful

oriented service that allows two parties at different packets received to the total number of packets sent
locations to interact on dedicated bandwidth. From the over a period of time. The use of different modulation
measurements made, parameters that affect the voice is decided by the propagation distance between the
service can be obtained. The results of the test are sender and receiver.
described as follows: In figure 3: we can see the test results and that
1-Delay for Voice Service the throughput value using voice service of 64-QAM
modulation application is higher with average value
Delay is a delay time caused by the 343.42 packets/second. The average value of 16-QAM
transmission process from one point to another and the modulation is 251.967 packets / second. While the
goal is to maintain low delay. lowest average value was found in the use of QPSK
In figure 2: we can see the delay when modulation with 184.98 packets / second.
communication occurs with bit rate of 64 Kbps on voice
service. The average value of the use of QPSK
modulation is 0.006104 ms which can be obtained from
the data retrieval process with the average value of
running simulations for 400 seconds. The average value
of the use of 16-QAM modulation is 0.005862 ms. In
64-QAM modulation, the average value generated is
0.004223 ms. From the results, the highest delay was
found on the use of QPSK modulation and the lowest
delay was in 64-QAM modulation. Therefore, from the
results we can conclude that, for applications that are
delay sensitive and that the channel conditions are
good, QAM modulation can be employed.

Fig. 3. Comparison throughput Voice Service

3-(BLER) for Voice Service

Block Error Rate (BLER) or probability of block error

is the value of the number of erroneous blocks
received at the destination point. The use of different
modulation has impact on the performance.
 In figure 4 we see a comparison of BLER
generated from the simulation of data transmission on
the WIMAX network. BLER with QPSK modulation has
an average value of 0.002098. Using 16-QAM
modulation, the average value generated is 0.0016234,
while the use of 64-QAM modulation results in a BLER
average value of 0.0015312. From the comparison of
BLER, a larger average value is found in the use of QPSK
modulation.

Fig. 5. Comparison of (SNR) for Voice Service

Tab.1. WiMAX response time for Voice Service

cases QPSK 16-QAM 64-QAM

Delay for 0.006104 0.00586 0.004223
Voice Service ms 2 ms ms
Throughput 184.89 251.96 343.42
for Voice Packets / packets/ packets/
Fig. 4. Comparison of (BLER) for Voice Service Service Second. second second
(BLER) for 0.002098 0.00162 0.0015312
4-(SNR) for Voice Service Voice Service 34
SNR for 26.224 29.346 34.634 dB
Signal Noise Ratio (SNR) is the ratio between Voice Service dB dB
the signal powers to the interference+ noise power
both treated as noise in our case is used to determine B. Video Services
the magnitude of the effect of signal attenuation on the
transmitted signal. SNR indicates strong signal power The video service allows two or more parties
compared to channel interference power. to be at different locations and interact via two-way
Implementation of modulation on WIMAX network audio and video delivery simultaneously. The next test
makes the device able to choose the type of modulation is almost identical to the previous test. The difference is
based on the SNR value received. in the use of video service. To see the effect on (QoS)
In Figure 5 we see the result of the data retrieval the parameters chosen for our analysis are [Delay,
process by selecting individual parameter DES Throughput, (BLER) and (SNR)] for each scenario.
statistics. The lowest SNR value is in QPSK modulation From the measurements made, the data parameters
with an average value of 26,224 dB. In16-QAM that affect the video service can be obtained. The
modulation, we can see the value of the average value results of the test are described as follows.
produced is 29.346 dB. While the highest value of SNR
is on 64-QAM modulation. Here, the average value 1-Delay for Video Services
generated is 34.634 dB.
In video services, the delay with the use of
modulation in WIMAX network can be seen in figure 6.
From the graph above we can see that there is a
significant difference in each of different modulations
used. In QPSK modulation, average delay value is of
0.00701 ms, in 16-QAM modulation there is a mean
delay value of 0.00613 ms, while with the use of 64-
QAM an average value of 0.00339 ms was obtained. The
highest delay was found in the use of QPSK modulation
which is due to the influence on the application of
modulation.

Fig. 6. Comparison of Delay for Video Services
2- Throughput for Video Service
Throughput is a measure that states how
many successful bits are received at the destination
compared to the length of time it takes to send those
bits. In Video service using QPSK modulation, average
throughput value was 13.14 packets/second. In 16-
QAM modulation, the resulting throughput value
decreases with the average value being 30.21
packets/second.
The average throughput value of a 64-QAM
modulation application was 87.21 packets/second.
From Figure 7 we can conclude that the throughput of
64-QAM modulation is higher than the other two
modulations.
Fig. 7. Comparison throughput for Video Service.
3-(BLER) for Video Services.
Block Error Rate (BLER) is used to determine the
quality of the transmitted signal. Data obtained from
the simulation results of data transmission on the
WIMAX network using three different modulation types
are studied. BLER value can affect the information
received, the higher the BLER value the worse the
quality of information received will be. From the
comparison of BLER for video service, it was found that
the lowest BLER value is found on the use of 64-QAM
modulation resulting in an average value of 0.0000091.
Further, the value of BLER that uses 16-QAM
modulation was found to have an average value of
0.00011213. The highest BLER is in QPSK modulation
with an average value of 0.0002315. Figure 8, shows
BLER the use of video services.
Fig. 8. Comparison of BLER for Video Services
4-SNR for Video Services
Channel gain which in turn decides the SNR
can be used to determine the level of signal attenuation
transmitted signal will endure. Based on the simulation
run, it is found that the value of SNR available at the
receiver decides the modulation type.
The higher the signal to noise ratio value the
better the quality of the network. Figure 9 shows the
SNR of QSPK modulation with the average value being
31,985 dB. For 16-QAM modulation, the average value
is 37.924 dB. The SNR for 64-QAM modulation was
found to have an average value of 41,198 dB.
From the above graph, we can see that the
whenever the average SNR is high 64-QAM modulation
can be employed. This results in very high throughput.
On the other hand, for a low average SNR, low order
modulation only can be exploited in order to endure
seamless communication at the cost of date rate. This
is because for a low average SNR, higher order
modulation format cannot be accommodated. Hence,
we observe a decline in the overall throughput
delivered by the network.
 4. The highest value of SNR in voice service is
found on the application of 64-QAM modulation with
the average value being 34.634 dB. While the highest
SNR in video services was found in the usage of 64-
QAM modulation with the average value being 41.198
dB.
Acknowledgments

I would like to begin by thanking Allah for

making all this possible. Second, I would like to thank,
"Republic of Romania and IRAQ”. I am grateful for all
the support received whilst researching and writing up
this article.

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