CEBU NORMAL UNIVERSITY

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY

GENERAL CONCEPTS AND HISTORICAL 4. Ransomware

a way of holding data hostage through hacking and requiring a ransom
DEVELOPMENTS to be paid

5. Textalyzer
LESSON 1 a device that analyzes whether a driver was using his or her phone
INTRODUCTION TO STS during an accident
Science
• scientia (L) meaning knowledge
• Systematic and methodical activity of building and organizing
knowledge about how the universe behaves through observation,
experimentation or both

Technology
• techne (G) meaning art, skill or cunning of hand
• the application of scientific knowledge, laws, and principles to
produce services, materials, tools, and machines aimed at solving
real-world problems
6. Social Credit System
Science, Technology, and Society a system of scoring citizens through their actions by placing them under
• combines the previously independent and older disciplines: history, constant surveillance
philosophy, and sociology of science
• to prepare students to respond critically, reflectively, and proactively 7. Google Clips
to the challenges posed by science and technology in the a hands-free camera that lets her user capture every moment
contemporary world effortlessly
• applies methods drawn from history, philosophy, and sociology to
study the nature of S&T and ultimately judge S&T value in the 8. Sentencing Software
society a mysterious algorithm designed to aid courts in sentencing decisions
• prepare humans to better confront the moral, ethical, and existential
dilemmas brought by the continued developments in S&T 9. Friendbot
an app that stores the deceased’s digital footprint so one can still “chat”
TEN EMERGING ETHICAL DILEMMAS AND POLICY ISSUES IN with them
S&T LISTED IN 2018
by the John J. Reilly Center for Science, Technology, and Values of 10. Citizen App
the University of the Notre Dame an app that notifies users of ongoing crimes or major events in a specific
area
1. Helix
a digital app store designed to read genomes HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF S&T

1. Ancient Period
2. Middle Ages
3. Modern Ages
4. Inventions by Filipino scientists

1. ANCIENT PERIOD

Ancient Wheel

2. BlessU-2 and Pepper

1st robot priest and monk

BU 2 Pepper

3. Emotion-Sensing Facial Recognition

Paper

Shadoof / Shaduf

mn.
 Mechanical Clock

Antikythera mechanism • Medieval mechanical clock in Prague, Czech Republic

• ancient (150-100 BC) world’s analog computer orrery (astrology)

• found in 1902 in Antikythera, Greece

Spinning Wheel
• Transforms fiber into thread or yarn, 10-100x faster (by Indians, 6-
Aeolipile / Hero’s engine 11th century AD)

• demonstrated by Hero of Alexandria (1st century AD) 3. MODERN AGES

2. MIDDLE AGES

Compound Microscope
• by Dutch spectacle maker Zacharias Janssen

Heavy Plough
• Higher agricultural yields from clay soil cultivation (Northern Europe)

Telescope
• invented by Galileo Galilei who made important astronomical
discoveries

Gun Powder
• Advanced warfare after explosive invention (“fire potion”by Chinese
alchemists, 850 AD)
Jacquard Loom
• Simplifies manufacturing of textile with complex design using
punched cards (by French weaver Joseph Marie Jacquard)

Paper Money
• offshoot from block printing invention (by Chinese in 17th century
AD)
Engine-Powered Airplane
• The Wright brothers designed and successfully operated the 1st
engine-powered aircraft

mn.
 Television Banana Ketchup
by Scottish engineer John Logie Baird
• by Maria Orosa
• televised objects in outline in 1924 • Filipino Food Tech invented banana ketchup at the backdrop of
• recognizable human faces in 1925 WWII
• moving objects in 1926
• colored images in 1928
LESSON 3
S & T and NATION BUILDING
4. INVENTIONS BY FILIPINO SCIENTISTS
Indigenous Science
• Predicting weather conditions and seasons using knowledge in
observing animals’ behavior and celestial bodies
• Using herbal medicine
• Preserving food
• Preserving and selecting good seeds for planting
• Classifying different types of soil for planting
• Producing wines and juices from tropical fruits
• Building local irrigation system

OVERVIEW OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE

PHILIPPINES
Electronic Jeepney 1. Pre-Colonial Period
2. Colonial Period
• economical and environment-friendly 3. Post-colonial period
• developed to respond to increasing transportation demand
1. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
Pre-Spanish Period
• Alibata- Philippine alphabet system
• People made use of writing to facilitate trading.
• Ship Building
• Banaue Rice Terraces
o one of the sophisticated products of Filipino engineering
o showed the innovative & ingenious way of natives to establish
an elaborate farming system

2. COLONIAL PERIOD
Erythromycin Spanish Colonial Period
• Formal education was established
• by Abelardo Aguilar • Scientific institutions were founded
• from Streptomyces erythreus
• credited to a US company, Eli Lilli Co. American Period
• Bureau of Science
o Was established as the primary research center until World
War II
o Inclined towards agriculture, food processing, forestry,
medicine, and pharmacy.
o Not much given to industrial technology due to free trade
policy

Medical Incubator 3. POST-COLONIAL PERIOD

• by Dr. Fe del Mundo
• originally invented improvised incubator
• world-renowned Filipino pediatrician and national scientist
• 1st woman admitted to Harvard University’s School of Medicine
• founded the 1st pediatric hospital in the Philippines
HIGHLIGHTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY IN NATION BUILDING DURING THE PRESIDENCY
OF THE FOLLOWING:
Ferdinand E. Marcos
• He amended the 1973 Philippine Constitution XV Section 9. He
declared that the advancement of Science and Technology shall
have priority in the national development.
• Mandated Dept. of Education and Culture (now DepEd) to promote
science courses in public schools
• Established Philippine Science Community (now DOST) in 1968
• Established PTRI, PNRI, NFA, PCAANRRD, PAGASA, PNOC, PBI,
IRRI, BPI, BFP, NAST, PSHS

Mole Remover
• by Rolando dela Cruz
• painless and scarless procedure using the product made of cashew
nut extracts
• gold medal in the International Invention, Innovation, Industrial
Design, and Technology Exhibition in KL, Malaysia in 2000
Corazon Aquino
• NSTA renamed DOST
• S&T sector to be represented in the cabinet to play an integral role
in the country’s sustainable economic recovery and growth
• DOST’s Science and Technology Master Plan aimed to update the
production sector, improve research activities, and develop
infrastructures for the S&T sector
Fidel Ramos
• 1st few years of his administration 1992-1995 were characterized by
economic boom, technological development, political stability and
efficient delivery of basic needs to the people (Asian Tiger)
• Established Doctors to the Bario Program
• Mandated laws and statutes related to S&T sector
• Incentives were given to people who played significant roles in the
S&T sector

mn.
 Roles of DOST in Science and Technology
Joseph Ejercito Estrada
• Signed legislation RA 8749 known as Philippine Clean Air Act of
1999.
• RA 8792 Electronics Commerce Act of 2000

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

• Her term was dubbed as the Golden Age of Science and Technology
• Numerous laws (AFMech) and projects that concern both the
environment and Science to push technology as a tool to increase
the country’s economic level and help increase the productivity from
STI and help benefit the poor people.
• Coined term Filipinnovation – Philippines as an innovation hub in
Asia

Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino III

• Improve the Weather forcasting system of PAG-ASA (Philippine
Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration)
• Conferred 4 new national scientists.

Four New National Scientists In 2014

Rodrigo Roa Duterte

• Prioritized S&T sector; 6x R&D budget
• DOST to put R&D results into commercialization to gain new
intellectual properties
• Philippine Space Technology Program launched Diwata-2 in 2018

THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY AGENDA
Science and Technology Agenda in the Philippine Government
• By 2020, the Philippines shall have developed a wide range of
globally competitive products and services which have high
technology content.
• DOST launched the Harmonized National Research and
Development Agenda 2017-2022.
• Enhanced S&T Awareness and support among leaders
• Highly developed culture of innovation.
• World class universities in S&T.
• Additional internationally recognized Filipino scientist.

mn.