e11 =(lx--4) + (S x 2)=6

e21 =(2x-4) + (yx 2)=-8 + 2y

6 e12) (X 46)
=> ( - 8+2y e~ = 6 65

Equate corresponding entries:

6=x -8 + 2y =6
2y= l4
y=7

Hence, x = 6 and y = 7.

(c) A transformation, T, represented by the matrix ( ~ ~} maps S {2, 5) onto

S' ( S, 2) · Describe fully the transformation T.

SOLUTION:

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Dala: A transformation, T, represented by the matrix ( ~ ~} maps S (2, 5)

onto S' (S, 2)-

Requlred to describe: The transfonnation, T.
Solution:
T represents a reflection in the line y = x .

J'

END OFTEST
 FAS-PASS
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y
,-------,--·----r-
i I '
Q
.,·-··:.!
I
~---~ -----1
i
r---: ··j
~---1-
~----+--- R

! ! !
.J -2
3 '

P =(-2,4)

:.OP=(~)
PO=-(-:)
=(~)
QR=(~) (given)
Hence, IQRI = 1
Pa1AND QR is parallel to po.
If one pair of opposite sides of a quadrilateral is both parallel and equ,
then the quadrilateral is a parallelogram.

Q.E.D.

Note, there are other conditions that arc sufficient to prove that the
quadrilateral OPQR is a parallelogram
We could prove also that in the quadrilateral OPQR
1. both pairs of opposite sides are equal to each other
11. both pairs of opposite sides are parallel to each other
iii. both pai.rs of opposite angles are equal to each other
iv. any two adj acen1 angles are supplementary
v. the diagonals bisect each other

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(b) Calculate the value o f x a nd the value ofy in the matrix equation below.

(2I y5J(-42 9IJ=(x6 46)

65

SOLUTION:

Data: (1 5)(-4 1) =(x 46)

2 y 2 9 6 65
Required to calculate: x and y
Calculation:
Consider the left hand side:

(~sy-~~1=(~ :~1
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QR =QO+OR

(~)=-C)+(~)
:. 2=-x +5
x=3
and --4+y=I
y =S

:.OQ=G) and Q=(3, 5)

(iii) Determine IQRI, the magnjrude of QR.

SOLUTION:
Required to determine: IQRI
Solution:

QR=(_:)
IQRI= ✓<2)' +(--4)1
=,/w
= 2✓5 units
(iv) Show, by calculation, that OPQR is a parallelogram.

SOLUTION:
Required to show: OPQR is a parallelogram.
Solution:

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-,-•-••·- ,

.l!
I • • ••

!! ---+----
I
·! '
+ ---1--·-
l : R
 rA:::,- ,..1-1: ,j

Maths
VEC TOR S AND MAT RIC ES

the grid below . 0 is the orig in.

10. (a) Thre e points 0 , P and Rare shown in

y
r·•---~-·--...,.- 5- ----,-----·- ,---- ..-------,---·- -,
: p :i !: !: i : f
I
:
:
: :
:
:·----,.-----: ... t j : i :
: ; i : : :
r-- ;
i
:
:
I
n••- ; ,-
:
3 - --t -- i
:
; i j
: : : :

~--+----+-+ --·-+··---l-----l----l---- -i
: ! ! : ! !R i
! I :
:
:------i·-----1---•--j-•---~
I :

~-----+·-·-·-t-· J .
:

'
I
I

I
I
,
I
·---·-'
:
I
'
o
I
I
I
I
'I
I
I
I
I
I
I I '
I : I I :X
: : I
Oo 2 3 , S
-3 -2 -1

the fonn ( ; )-
(i) Writ e the position vecto r of R, OR, in

SOL UTIO N:
and R.
Data: Grid show ing three poin ts 0, P

Required lo write: The posit ion vecto

r of R, OR, in the fonn (; J
Solution:
R =(5, 1)

:. OR= G}s of the form (;)- whe re a= 5 and b

= I.

way that QR= ( _: )-

(ii) Anot her point, Q. is locat ed in such a

Using this infor matio n, plot the poin t

Q on the graph .

SOL UTIO N:

Data: Anot her point. Q, is localed in

such a way 1ba1 QR = ( ~ J
grap h.
Required to plot: The poin t Q on rhe
Solution:
Let Q=( x, y)

:. OQ =(; ]

ved. faspa ssma ths.co m

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QR = QO+OR

(~)=-CJ+U)
:.2 =-x + 5 and -4+ y= I
x=3 y =5

:. OQ= G) and Q=( 3, 5)

 FAS-PASS
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(iii) z

SOLUTION:
Required to determine: The value of=
Solution:

z = 72°
circle, and
(Angles subtended by a chord (SP) at the circumference of a
standing on the same arc ( SRI' and SQP ) are equal.)

L, M, N and R.
(b) The diagram below shows straight roads connec ting the towns
RLN =25° andang le
LR= l 8km. LN = l2 kmand MN = lOkm.Angle
LMN = 88° .

aths.com
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(1) Calculate the angle MLN.

SOLUTION:
L , M. N and
Data: Diagram showing straigh t roads connecting the towns
LN = 12km and MN = 10km. Angle RLN = 25° and
R. LR = 18km.
angle LMN = 88°.
Required to calculate: Ang le MLN
Calculation:
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OPA = 2x0 +3x0 (Angle made by a tangent (PA) and a radius (Of
=90° the point of contact (P) is 90°.)
5x0 =90°
x= l8°

(ii) y

SOLUTION:
Required to find: The value ofy
Solution:

RSP =90° (Angle in a semi-circle is a right angle.)

Consider the MSP:

y 0 + 90° + I8° = 180° (Sum of the interior angles in a triangle = 180°)
y 0 = 180°-(90°+ 18°)
= 72°

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(iii) z

SOLUTION:
Required to determine: The value ofz
Solution:

A
 GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY

9. (a) 1:he diagram below_ shows a circle, with the points P, Q. R and S lying on i1s
circumference and its center marked 0. RP is a diameter of the circle and AB is a
tangent to the circle at P. Angle APQ = 3x0 , angle QPR= 2x0 , RPS= xo and
angle QSP = 54°.

Determine the value of EACH of the following angles. Show detailed working
where possible and give a reason for your answer.

(i) X

SOLUTION:
Data: Diagram showing a circle, with the points P, Q, Rand S lying on its
circumference and its center marked 0. RP is a diameter of the circle and
AB is a tangent to the circle at P. Angle APQ = 3x0 , angle QPR= 2x0 ,
RPS= x 0 and angle QSP = 54°.
Required to determine: The value of x
Solution:

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(Angle made by a 1angent (PA ) and a radius (OP) at

OPA = 2x0 +3x0
=90° the point of contact (P) is 90°.)