‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ‬ ۱ ‫ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬،۳۹ ‫ ﺟﻠﺪ‬،‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ‬

۵۷

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﻗﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ‬،‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮑﺪﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻭ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ‬

‫ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ‬،‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮑﺪﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻭ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﻓﻴﻀﻲ‬

‫ﭼﮑﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﺨﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ‬.‫ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‬۳۰ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ‬
‫ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﻗﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬.‫ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻧﺎﺑﻪﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮ ﮐﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ‬CO 2 ‫ ﻭ‬CO ‫ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‬.‫ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺩﻗﻴﻖﺗﺮ‬، N 2 ‫ ﻭ‬C2 H 6 ، CH 4 ، H 2 ‫ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺳﭙﺲ‬.‫ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﮐﻠﻲ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢﺑﻨﺪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬
١
‫ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻓﺎﺯ‬.‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺯﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ ﺑﻪﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ‬.‫ﻭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬.‫ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬،‫ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺐ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬،‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ‬
.‫ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﮏ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‬.‫ﺑﺎ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

.‫ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﮔﺎﺯ‬ ،‫ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ‬،‫ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ‬: ‫ﮐﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﮐﻠﻴﺪ‬

A new Method to Estimate the Remaining Life of Power

Transformers Using the Analysis of Dissolved Gases in Oil

O. Ghaderi Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz

M. R. Feyzi Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz

Abstract
Any power transformer is expected to serve at least for 30 years according to the current standards. Therefore,
the insulation life time should be in a good match with it to prevent unwanted failure or damage of transformers
as a result of insulation failure. Based on the analysis of dissolved gases in oil, a new method is proposed for the
estimation of remaining life of power transformer. In this method, status of the insulation is classified in three
general groups based on the CO and CO2 contents of the oil. Then, having the H2, CH4, C2H6 and N2 contents of
the oil, the condition of the insulation is determined more accurately by using the aforementioned classification
and four fuzzy estimators. The fuzzy logic is employed to improve the accuracy of the estimated status for the
insulation, obtained from the method based on the amount of dissolved gases in the oils. The proposed method is
applied on different sets of samples obtained from several transformers with certain insulation conditions. The
estimated status for the insulation of each transformer showed a good agreement with corresponding set of data
for the same transformer.

Keywords: Analysis of dissolved gases, Power transformers, Remaining life.

Journal of Electrical Eng., Vol. 39, No.1 Serial No. 57

 ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪ /٢٦‬ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﺪ ‪ ،۳۹‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪۱‬‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍ ﻳﮏ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺹ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻳﮑﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ‪ ۷‬ﻭ ‪۸‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺷﺪﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺨﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﻗﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺩ ]‪ ۵‬ﻭ ‪ .[۶‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞﮐﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺑﻪﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‪،‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻳﮑﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ]‪ ۱‬ﻭ ‪ .[۲‬ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﻨﺪ ]‪ ۳‬ﻭ ‪.[۴‬‬
‫‪ CO‬ﻭ ‪ CO 2‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﮐﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ )ﺟﺎﻣﺪ( ﻭ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ "ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﺏ"‪" ،‬ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ" ﻭ "ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮐﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬
‫ﮐﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﮐﻢ" ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺩﻗﻴﻖﺗﺮ‬ ‫‪، CH 4 ، H‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ]‪ .[۷-۹‬ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪ‬ ‫‪ CO ، N 2 ، C2 H 2 ، C2 H 4 ، C2 H 6‬ﻭ ‪ CO 2‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪ C2 H 6 ، CH 4 ، H‬ﻭ ‪ N 2‬ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺯ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﮏ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯﻫـﺎ ﻧـﺎﻡ ﺑـﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛـﺮ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺧﻄـﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳـﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫]‪ ۱۰‬ﻭ ‪ .[۱۱‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺑﻪﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﮏ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻓﺎﺯ ‪ -‬ﺧﺒﺮﻩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺧﻄﺎﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳـﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻨﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ]‪ .[۱۲-۱۴‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ‪،IEC‬‬
‫ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺧﻄﺎﻳﺎﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻳﮏ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺟﺮﺯ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭﻧﻨﺒﺮﮒ ﻭ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺧﺒﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺼﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺍ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺎﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﻗﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ]‪ .[۱۵-۱۷‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺧﻄﺎﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ -۲‬ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﻗﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﻋﺎﻳﻖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻨﺴﺠﻤﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﮔﺬﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﮐﺴﻴﮋﻥ ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟﻲ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ ۳‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺪ ﻭ ﭼﻬﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻳﮑﻲ ﻭ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﻴﮑﻲ ﺁﻥ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ‪ ۷‬ﻭ ‪ ۸‬ﺍﻗﺘﺒﺎﺱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﮐﺴﻴﮋﻥ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎ ﮐﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﮔﻠﻮﮐﺰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻝﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺁﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻮﺍﮐﺴﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺩ ﺍﮐﺴﻴﺪﮐﺮﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ‪ furan‬ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮐﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪...‬‬ ‫‪ /۲۷‬ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﺪ ‪ ،۳۹‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪۱‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻗﺪﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ ،furan‬ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺩ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻳﮏ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺮﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻳﮏ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ -۱‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻭﮊﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺮﺧﻂ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭ‬
‫ﺳﺒﻚ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ‪ CH 4‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﮏ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ‬
‫‪ ، C2 H 4‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ‪ ۱۱-۱۵‬ﺳﺎﻟﮕﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﮑﻞ )‪ (۲‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ]‪ .[۷‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫‪ -۳‬ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻭﻋﻲ ﺑﺮﺍ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮐﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞﮐﺮﺩ ﻋﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﺍ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺷﮑﺴﺖ ﺣﻠﻘﻪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮐﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﮐﺮﻭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﮐﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ‪ :۱‬ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ‪ :۲‬ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ‪ :۳‬ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻼﻧﻜﺖ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ CO‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ -۲‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮐﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎ ﺳﺒﮏ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫‪ H 2‬ﻭ ‪ CH 4‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ CO2‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻭ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻫﺮ ﻳﮏ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦﺗﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ C3 H 8‬ﻭ ‪ ، C2 H 6‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﻞﮐﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ‪ ۱۰-۲۰‬ﺳﺎﻟﮕﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ]‪ ۷‬ﻭ ‪.[۸‬‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ )ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ .(۳‬ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﮔﺬﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﺯ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻭﮊﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦﺗﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ]‪.[۷‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ‬
‫‪C2 H 4 + CH 4 → C3 H 8‬‬ ‫)‪( ۱‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺬﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺷﮑﻞ )‪ (۱‬ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ]‪.[۷‬‬
 ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪...‬‬ ‫‪ /۲۸‬ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﺪ ‪ ،۳۹‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪۱‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ‪ ۲۰-۱۶‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﺮ‬

‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﮑﻞ )‪ (۵‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺁﺏ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ]‪.[۷‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ‪ - ۵‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪ‬ ‫‪ CO‬ﻭ ‪ CO2‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻋﺎﻳﻖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ -۳‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮐﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ )ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ( ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺮﺍ ﭘﻲ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ۲۰‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﮔﺬﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ )ﺷﮑﻞ‪.(۴‬‬ ‫‪ H 2‬ﻭ ‪ C2 H 2‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺮ‬
‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮐﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺒﮏ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮐﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎ )‪ (۶‬ﻭ )‪ (۷‬ﺍﺳﺖ ]‪.[۸‬‬
‫] ‪. [۷‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ -۶‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻨﻮﺍﮐﺴﻴﺪﮐﺮﺑﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ -۴‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ -۷‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩ ﺍﮐﺴﻴﺪﮐﺮﺑﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫‪C2 H 6 → C2 H 2 + 2 H 2‬‬ ‫)‪( ۲‬‬
 ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪...‬‬ ‫‪ /۲۹‬ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﺪ ‪ ،۳۹‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪۱‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺧﻄﺎﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫‪ -۴‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺮﺍ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ‬
‫ﮐﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺷﮑﻞ )‪ (۸‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ‬
‫‪ -۱-۴‬ﺁﺷﮑﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺯ ﺧﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺷﮑﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻏﻴﺮﻋﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺁﺷﮑﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﻗﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺷﮑﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﮑﻞ )‪(۸‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪ CO‬ﻭ ‪ ، CO2‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯ ﮐﻮﭼﮑﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻳﮏ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺁﺷﮑﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﮐﻠﻲ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢﺑﻨﺪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﻄﺎ‬ ‫‪ N 2 , H 2 , CH 4 , C2 H 6‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻗﻴﻖﺗﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻕ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ‬ ‫ﺯﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺯ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺐ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ‪،‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -۸‬ﻧﻤﺎ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ‬

 ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪...‬‬ ‫‪ /۳۰‬ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﺪ ‪ ،۳۹‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪۱‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﮐﻼﺱ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ‪ H 2 ، CH 4 ، C2 H 6‬ﻭ‬ ‫• ﺁﺷﮑﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ ۱-۴‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪ N 2‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺩﻗﻴﻖﺗﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪، N 2‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ CO ، C2 H 6 ، C2 H 4 ، CH 2 ، CH 4 ، H 2‬ﻭ ‪ CO2‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻳﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۱‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۱‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‬
‫ﺳﻦ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻏﻴﺮﻋﺎﺩ‬
‫ﭘﻨﺞ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ )ﺳﻦ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ۵‬ﺳﺎﻝ(‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺏ )ﺳﻦ ‪۶-۱۰‬‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺁﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺷﮑﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝ(‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ )ﺳﻦ ‪ ۱۱-۲۰‬ﺳﺎﻝ(‪ ،‬ﺑﺪ )ﺳﻦ ‪ ۲۱-۲۵‬ﺳﺎﻝ( ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ IEEE Std C57.104TM‬ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺪ )ﺳﻦ ‪ ۲۶-۳۰‬ﺳﺎﻝ( ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ]‪.[۱۰‬‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﺮ ﻳﮏ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -۱‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺁﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺷﮑﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬
‫‪ ۱‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ۴‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬

‫‪TDGA‬‬
‫ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺐ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪H2‬‬ ‫‪CH 4 C2 H 2 C2 H 4 C2 H 6 CO‬‬ ‫‪CO2‬‬

‫‪ -۱-۲-۴‬ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﮐﻼﺱ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ‬ ‫‪۴۰۰‬‬ ‫‪۱۲۰‬‬ ‫‪۳۵‬‬ ‫‪۵۰‬‬ ‫‪۶۵‬‬ ‫‪۴۰۰‬‬ ‫‪۴۰۰۰‬‬ ‫‪۷۲۰‬‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢﺑﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﮐﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫‪-1‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ -‬ﻋﺎﻳﻖﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻋﺎﻳﻖﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ppm.day‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺷﮑﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻳﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ ۵۰۰‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ‪ ۱۰ ppm.day-1‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺯﻳﺮ ‪ ۱۵‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻳﻖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬

‫• ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ CO‬ﻭ ‪ CO2‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺯﻳﺮ ‪ ۱۳۰‬ﻭ ‪ ۱۰۰۰‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺷﮑﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﮐﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺎﻳﻖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ -‬ﻋﺎﻳﻖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ‪ ۱۰‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻩ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻳﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ۳۰۰-۵۰۰‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪ ۱۵‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫• ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻛﻞ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬
‫ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﻞ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ CO‬ﻭ ‪ CO2‬ﺑﺮﺍ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺩﺳﺘـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺎﻳـﻖﻫﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫـﺎ‬
‫)‪ (TDGA‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ‪ ۷۲۰ppm‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ‬
‫‪۱۳۰-۲۵۰‬ﻭ‪ ۱۰۰۰-۲۱۰۰‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻳﻖﻫﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﮐﻞ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮐﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻞ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ‪ ft 3 .day-1‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ‪ -‬ﻋﺎﻳﻖﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﮐﻢ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻳﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ‪ ۰/۱ ft 3 .day-1‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻋﺎﻳﻖﻫﺎ ﺯﻳﺮ ‪ ۳۰۰‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ‪۲۰‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ﹰﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫‪ -۲-۴‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻳﮑﻲ ﻭ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﻴﮑﻲ ﺍﻳﻦﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﺎﻳﻖﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﺷﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﮑﻞ )‪ (۸‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬
‫‪ CO‬ﻭ ‪ CO2‬ﺑﺮﺍ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺎﻳﻖﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫‪ ۲۵۰‬ﻭ ‪ ۲۱۰۰‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﮐﻼﺱﺑﻨﺪ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪CO‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﮐﻼﺱ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭ ‪ ، CO2‬ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ ﻓﺎﺯ ‪ ۱‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﮐﻼﺱ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ ۲‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﮐﻼﺱ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻭﮊﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ ﻓﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ ﻓﺎﺯ ‪ ۳‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﮐﻼﺱ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ ﻓﺎﺯ ‪ ۴‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﮐﻼﺱ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺗﺎﻥ‬
‫‪ CO‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ CO2‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﮐﻼﺱ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ‬
 ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪...‬‬ ‫‪ /۳۱‬ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﺪ ‪ ،۳۹‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪۱‬‬

‫‪ -۲-۲-۴‬ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﮐﻼﺱ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎ )‪ (۹‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻭﮊﻥ ﻭ ﮐﻼﺱ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ )ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻨﮕﺮ‪(۱‬‬ ‫‪ CO‬ﻭ ‪ CO2‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎ ﮐﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫)‪ (۱۰‬ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻭﮊﻥ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﮔﺬﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪ medium ،low‬ﻭ ‪ high‬ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﮐﻼﺱ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۲‬ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﮐﻼﺱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻼﻣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍ‬
‫ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺯ‬ ‫‪ ۶۰۰۰‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ TWO ،ONE‬ﻭ ‪ THREE‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ )ﺷﮑﻞ ‪.(۱۱‬‬
‫ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ ﻣﺜﻠﺜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺷﮑﻞ )‪ ،(۱۳‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﮑﻞ )‪ ،(۱۲‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮐﻼﺱ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۳‬ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍ‬ ‫‪ CO‬ﻭ ‪ CO2‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻓﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺷﮑﻞ )‪ (۱۴‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫‪very‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎ ﮐﻼﻣﻲ ‪ bad ،medium ،good ، very good‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ bad‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﮑﻞ )‪ (۱۵‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﮐﻼﺱ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻭﮊﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ -۹‬ﻓﺎﺯ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯ ‪CO‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -۲‬ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮐﻼﺱ‬
‫‪CO‬‬
‫‪Low‬‬ ‫‪Medium‬‬ ‫‪High‬‬
‫‪CO2‬‬
‫‪Low‬‬ ‫‪ONE‬‬ ‫‪ONE‬‬ ‫‪TWO‬‬
‫‪Medium‬‬ ‫‪ONE‬‬ ‫‪TWO‬‬ ‫‪TWO‬‬
‫‪High‬‬ ‫‪TWO‬‬ ‫‪TWO‬‬ ‫‪THREE‬‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ -۱۰‬ﻓﺎﺯ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯ ‪CO2‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -۳‬ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ ‪۱‬‬
‫ﮐﻼﺱ‬
‫‪ONE‬‬ ‫‪TWO‬‬ ‫‪THREE‬‬
‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻭﮊﻥ‬
‫‪very low‬‬ ‫‪very good‬‬ ‫‪good‬‬ ‫‪good‬‬
‫‪low‬‬ ‫‪good‬‬ ‫‪good‬‬ ‫‪good‬‬
‫‪medium‬‬ ‫‪medium‬‬ ‫‪bad‬‬ ‫‪bad‬‬
‫‪high‬‬ ‫‪medium‬‬ ‫‪bad‬‬ ‫‪bad‬‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ -۱۱‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮐﻼﻣﻲ)ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ( ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﮐﻼﺱ‬
‫‪very high‬‬ ‫‪bad‬‬ ‫‪very bad‬‬ ‫‪very bad‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﻳﻖ‬

‫‪ -۳-۲-۴‬ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ‬

‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ ﻭ ﮐﻼﺱ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ )ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻨﮕﺮ ‪(۲‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ‪ ۴۰۰ppm‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﻭ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ﹰﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮐﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ ﻣﺜﻠﺜﻲ ﺑﺮﺍ ﻓﺎﺯ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ‬ ‫ﮐﻼﻣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ very high ،high ،medium ،low‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ )ﺷﮑﻞ‪.(۱۶‬‬ ‫‪ CO‬ﻭ ‪CO2‬‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ -۱۲‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﮐﻼﺱ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
 ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪...‬‬ ‫‪ /۳۲‬ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﺪ ‪ ،۳۹‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪۱‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ -۱۳‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻭﮊﻥ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ -۱۷‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۴‬ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍ‬
‫ﮐﻼﺱ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ ‪ ۲‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻓﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ ‪ ۲‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ ‪ ۱‬ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫‪ -۴-۲-۴‬ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ‬
‫)ﺷﮑﻞ‪ .(۱۴‬ﺷﮑﻞ )‪ (۱۷‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﮐﻼﺱ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ )ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ ‪(۳‬‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﮐﻼﺱ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ‬
‫‪ ۳۰۰ppm‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ‪ ۱۱-۱۵‬ﺳﺎﻟﮕﻲ‬
‫ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ ﻣﺜﻠﺜﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ )ﺷﮑﻞ ‪.(۱۸‬‬
‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪(۵‬‬
‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﮑﻞ )‪ (۱۴‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﮑﻞ )‪(۱۹‬‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ -۱۴‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮﻫﺎ ‪ ۱‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪۴‬‬
‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﮐﻼﺱ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ -۱۸‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺘﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ -۱۵‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻭﮊﻥ ﻭ‬

‫ﮐﻼﺱ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ -۱۹‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ -۱۶‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ‬
‫ﮐﻼﺱ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ‬
 ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪...‬‬ ‫‪ /۳۳‬ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﺪ ‪ ،۳۹‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪۱‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -۴‬ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ ‪۲‬‬
‫ﮐﻼﺱ‬
‫‪ONE‬‬ ‫‪TWO‬‬ ‫‪THREE‬‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ‬

‫‪very low‬‬ ‫‪very good‬‬ ‫‪good‬‬ ‫‪medium‬‬

‫‪Low‬‬ ‫‪medium‬‬ ‫‪medium‬‬ ‫‪medium‬‬

‫‪med‬‬ ‫‪good‬‬ ‫‪bad‬‬ ‫‪very bad‬‬
‫‪high‬‬ ‫‪very good‬‬ ‫‪good‬‬ ‫‪very bad‬‬
‫‪very high‬‬ ‫‪bad‬‬ ‫‪bad‬‬ ‫‪bad‬‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ -۲۱‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ ﻭ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -۵‬ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ‪۳‬‬
‫ﮐﻼﺱ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻳﻖ‬
‫‪ONE‬‬ ‫‪TWO‬‬ ‫‪THREE‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -۶‬ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ ‪۴‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﻥ‬

‫ﮐﻼﺱ‬ ‫‪very very low‬‬ ‫‪very good‬‬ ‫‪very good‬‬ ‫‪med‬‬

‫‪ONE‬‬ ‫‪TWO‬‬ ‫‪THREE‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪very low‬‬ ‫‪good‬‬ ‫‪bad‬‬ ‫‪bad‬‬

‫‪very low‬‬ ‫‪very good‬‬ ‫‪very good‬‬ ‫‪medium‬‬ ‫‪Low‬‬ ‫‪very good‬‬ ‫‪good‬‬ ‫‪bad‬‬

‫‪Low‬‬ ‫‪good‬‬ ‫‪bad‬‬ ‫‪bad‬‬ ‫‪medium‬‬ ‫‪very good‬‬ ‫‪very bad‬‬ ‫‪very bad‬‬
‫‪medium‬‬ ‫‪very good‬‬ ‫‪very bad‬‬ ‫‪very bad‬‬ ‫‪high‬‬ ‫‪medium‬‬ ‫‪medium‬‬ ‫‪medium‬‬
‫‪high‬‬ ‫‪medium‬‬ ‫‪medium‬‬ ‫‪medium‬‬
‫‪very high‬‬ ‫‪medium‬‬ ‫‪medium‬‬ ‫‪medium‬‬
‫‪very high‬‬ ‫‪medium‬‬ ‫‪medium‬‬ ‫‪Medium‬‬

‫‪ -۵-۲-۴‬ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺗﺎﻥ‬

‫‪ -۳-۴‬ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺐ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬
‫ﻭ ﮐﻼﺱ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ )ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ ‪(۴‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﮐﻠﻲ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦ )ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻫﺮ ﻳﮏ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺗﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬

‫‪ ۱‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ (۴‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ۱۸۰ppm‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﺮﮐﻴـﺐ ﻧﺘﺎﻳـﺞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ‪ ۱۱-۲۰‬ﺳﺎﻟﮕﻲ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦﺟﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫‪ ۱‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ۴‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍ ﻓﺎﺯ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺗﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ ﻣﺜﻠﺜﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻫﺮ ﻳﮏ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ )ﺷﮑﻞ‪ .(۲۰‬ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪ ﻭ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۶‬ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‬
‫‪ ۱‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ۴‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﺮ ﻳﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﮑﻞ )‪(۲۱‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ‪ E‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﮐﻼﺱ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻲ ‪ E3 ، E2 ، E1‬ﻭ ‪E4‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺗﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫] ‪E = [ E1 , E2 , E3 , E4‬‬ ‫)‪( ۳‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ‪ E1‬ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ ‪ E2 ،۱‬ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‬

‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ ‪ E3 ،۲‬ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ ‪ ۳‬ﻭ ‪ E4‬ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ ‪ ۴‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﻳﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ -۲۰‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺗﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‪:‬‬
 ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪...‬‬ ‫‪ /۳۴‬ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﺪ ‪ ،۳۹‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪۱‬‬

‫‪mi .m j‬‬ ‫‪E1 = [e11 , e12 , e13 , e14 , e15 ]T , E2 = [e12 , e22 , e23 , e24 , e25 ]T‬‬
‫‪m = 1 2 , i = j = k , k = 1, 2,3, 4,5‬‬
‫‪k‬‬
‫)‪( ۷‬‬
‫‪1 − k12‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪E3 = [e31 , e32 , e33 , e34 , e35 ]T , E4 = [e14 , e42 , e43 , e44 , e45 ]T‬‬ ‫)‪( ۴‬‬
‫ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ‪ eij‬ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ‪j‬ﺍﻡ )ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ( ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮ ‪i‬ﺍﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪ j=۱, ..., ۵‬ﻭ ‪.(i=۱, ۲, ۳, ۴‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫) ‪k12 = ∑∑ m1i .m2j , (i ≠ j‬‬ ‫)‪( ۸‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ‪ m‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ) ‪ A ∈ P( X‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫‪i =1 j =1‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ E1‬ﻭ ‪ ، E2‬ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ‪ En‬ﺑﻪ ﻳﮏ‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺐ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫]‪m : P ( X ) → [0,1‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﺳﻪ ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ‬
‫‪ m(φ ) = 0‬ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﺮﺯ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ ‪ E12‬ﻭ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻭ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ ‪E3‬‬
‫ﻭ ‪ E4‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ‪ E12‬ﻭ ‪ E3‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪∑ m( A) = 1,‬‬ ‫) ‪A ∈ P( X‬‬ ‫)‪( ۵‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ ‪ E123‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ ‪E123‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ‪ m‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﮕﺎﺷﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ‪ A‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﻩ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫‪ E2 ، E1‬ﻭ ‪ E3‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ ‪ E123‬ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺐ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺮ ﻭ ﻳﮏ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ‪ En‬ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ ‪ E4‬ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺐ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ ‪ E1234‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﮐﺮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬
‫‪⎡ m11‬‬ ‫‪m12‬‬ ‫‪m31‬‬ ‫⎤ ‪m14‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪⎢ 2‬‬ ‫⎥‬
‫‪⎢ m1‬‬ ‫‪m22‬‬ ‫‪m32‬‬ ‫⎥ ‪m42‬‬
‫‪ej‬‬
‫‪ -۵‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯ‬ ‫‪En = ⎢ m13‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪m33‬‬ ‫‪m43 ⎥ ; mh = 5 h‬‬
‫‪j‬‬
‫) ‪(۶‬‬
‫‪⎢ 4‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫⎥‬
‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍ‬ ‫‪⎢ m1‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫⎥ ‪m44‬‬ ‫∑‬ ‫‪ehj‬‬
‫‪⎢ m5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫⎦⎥ ‪m45‬‬
‫‪j =1‬‬
‫‪⎣ 1‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞﮐﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪ ۱۰‬ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ )ﺩﺍﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺩ ( ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻫﺮ ﻳﮏ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ‪ j = 1, 2,3, 4,5 ، h = 1, 2,3, 4‬ﻭ ‪ mhj‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ‪ E1‬ﺗﺎ ‪ E4‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻧﺎﻣﻲ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۷‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫‪ E1‬ﻭ ‪ E2‬ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺐ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -۷‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ‪ ۱۰‬ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﮐﻪ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻫﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﻗﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ)ﺳﺎﻝ(‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺪﺭﺕ)‪(MVA‬‬

‫ﻳﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﮔﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻧﺼﺐ‬

‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ‬
‫ﮐﻼﺱ‬
‫ﺭﺩﻳﻒ‬

‫‪۱‬‬ ‫‪۲‬‬ ‫‪۳‬‬ ‫‪۴‬‬

‫‪H 2 CH 4 C2 H 2 C2 H 4 C2 H 6‬‬ ‫‪N2‬‬ ‫‪CO‬‬ ‫‪CO2‬‬

‫‪۱‬‬ ‫‪۱‬‬ ‫‪۴ /۱‬‬ ‫‪۰‬‬ ‫‪۱ /۷‬‬ ‫‪۱‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪۵۹/۳‬‬ ‫‪۵۸۴/۵‬‬ ‫‪۱۹۹۸‬‬ ‫‪۲۰۰۳‬‬ ‫‪۲۰‬‬ ‫‪۱‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪>۲۵‬‬
‫‪۲‬‬ ‫‪۹۷‬‬ ‫‪۱۹‬‬ ‫‪۱‬‬ ‫‪۵۲‬‬ ‫‪۲‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪۴۶۲‬‬ ‫‪۳۳۲۲‬‬ ‫‪۱۹۷۷‬‬ ‫‪۱۹۹۷‬‬ ‫‪۱۰۰۰‬‬ ‫‪۳‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪>۱۰‬‬
‫‪۳‬‬ ‫‪۶۵‬‬ ‫‪۳۸‬‬ ‫‪۲‬‬ ‫‪۴۳‬‬ ‫‪۴۰‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪۱۵۰‬‬ ‫‪۸۴۶‬‬ ‫‪۱۹۹۷‬‬ ‫‪۲۰۰۴‬‬ ‫‪۱۰۰‬‬ ‫‪۲‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪>۱۵‬‬
‫‪۱۳۸۶‬‬ ‫‪۱۳۸۶‬‬
‫‪۴‬‬ ‫‪۱‬‬ ‫‪۰‬‬ ‫‪۰‬‬ ‫‪۰‬‬ ‫‪۰‬‬ ‫‪۱۸۱۸۷‬‬ ‫‪۴‬‬ ‫‪۱۱۸‬‬ ‫‪۱۸۰‬‬ ‫‪۱‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪>۲۵‬‬
‫)ﻩ‪.‬ﺵ(‬ ‫)ﻩ‪.‬ﺵ(‬
‫‪۵‬‬ ‫‪۳۴۰‬‬ ‫‪۶۸‬‬ ‫‪۱۲‬‬ ‫‪۱۸‬‬ ‫‪۶۳‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪۳۱۰‬‬ ‫‪۲۸۸۰‬‬ ‫‪۱۹۸۱‬‬ ‫‪۲۰۰۳‬‬ ‫‪۲۰‬‬ ‫‪۳‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪۵-۱۰‬‬
‫‪۶‬‬ ‫‪۱۲۷‬‬ ‫‪۱۹‬‬ ‫‪۲‬‬ ‫‪۶۲‬‬ ‫‪۱۶۹‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪۱۵۹‬‬ ‫‪۱۴۰۱‬‬ ‫‪۱۹۸۶‬‬ ‫‪۲۰۰۴‬‬ ‫‪۲۰۰‬‬ ‫‪۲‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪>۱۵‬‬
‫‪۱۳۸۶‬‬ ‫‪۱۳۸۶‬‬
‫‪۷‬‬ ‫‪۰‬‬ ‫‪۰‬‬ ‫‪۰‬‬ ‫‪۱‬‬ ‫‪۱‬‬ ‫‪۱۸۰۷۲‬‬ ‫‪۲‬‬ ‫‪۶۳‬‬ ‫‪۱۸۰‬‬ ‫‪۱‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪>۲۵‬‬
‫)ﻩ‪.‬ﺵ(‬ ‫)ﻩ‪.‬ﺵ(‬
‫‪۱۳۸۶‬‬ ‫‪۱۳۸۶‬‬
‫‪۸‬‬ ‫‪۷‬‬ ‫‪۰‬‬ ‫‪۰‬‬ ‫‪۰‬‬ ‫‪۰‬‬ ‫‪۱۷۱۶۹‬‬ ‫‪۴‬‬ ‫‪۱۶۹‬‬ ‫‪۱۰۰‬‬ ‫‪۱‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪>۲۵‬‬
‫)ﻩ‪.‬ﺵ(‬ ‫)ﻩ‪.‬ﺵ(‬
‫‪۹‬‬ ‫‪۱۶۰‬‬ ‫‪۵۳‬‬ ‫‪۰‬‬ ‫‪۶‬‬ ‫‪۲۸۰‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪۱۹۰‬‬ ‫‪۲۲۰۰‬‬ ‫‪۱۹۸۲‬‬ ‫‪۲۰۰۱‬‬ ‫‪۲۰۰‬‬ ‫‪۲‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪<۱۵‬‬
‫‪۱۰‬‬ ‫‪۰‬‬ ‫‪۸‬‬ ‫‪۱‬‬ ‫‪۹‬‬ ‫‪۵۰‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪۵‬‬ ‫‪۶۲۹‬‬ ‫‪۱۹۹۹‬‬ ‫‪۲۰۰۰‬‬ ‫‪۱۸۰‬‬ ‫‪۱‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪>۲۵‬‬
 ...‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‬
IEE Proc. Sci. Meas. Technol, vol. 151, no. 3,
pp. 175-184, May 2004.
[3] J. S. Navamany and P. S. Ghosh “Age
Estimation Of Cellulose Paper Insulation in
Power Transformers Using ANN,” IEEE
Conference, pp. 227-232, 2003.
[4] I. N. da Silvat, A. N. de Souza', J. C. H. C.
Hossri and M. G. Zago, “Identification of the
Level of Contamination and Degradation of
Oil by Artificial Neural Networks,” IEEE
lntemational Symposium on Electrical
Insulation, Anaheim, CA USA, Apr. 2-5, 2000.
[5] T. V. Oommen and T. A. Prevost “Cellulose
Insulation in oil-filled power transformer :part
2-maintaining insulation integrity and life,”
IEEE Insulation magazine, vol. 22. no. 2, pp.
5-14, 2006.
[6] P. Verma, M. Roy, R. K. Tiwari and S.
Chandra “Generation of Furanic Compounds
in Transformer Oil under Accelerated Thermal
and Electrical Stress,” Electrical Insulation
Conference and Electrical Manufacturing
Expo, Indianapolis, Indiana, pp. 112-116, Oct.
2005.
[7] C. T. Dervos, C. D. Paraskevas and P. D.
Skafidas, “Dielectric Spectroscopy and Gas
Chromatography Methods Applied on High-
Voltage Transformer Oils,” IEEE Trans in
Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, voL. 13,
no. 3, pp. 586-592, Jun. 2006.
[8] M. K. Pradhan, and T. S. Ramu, “On the
Estimation of Elapsed Life of Oil-Immersed
Power Transformers,” IEEE Trans on Power
Delivery, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 1962-1969, Jul.
2005.
[9] P. M. Mitchinson, I. L. Lewin, A. S. Vaughan,
G. C. Chen and P. Jarman, “An experiment to
evaluate the benefits of processing aged
transformer oil,” International symposium on
electrical insulation, Canada, Jun. 2006.
[10] IEEE Guide for the Interpretation of Gases
Generated in Oil-Immersed Transformers,
IEEE Std C57.104, 2008
[11] L. Zhou, G. Wu, S. Chong and H. J. Wang,
“Study on Loss-of-Life and Insulation Aging
of Traction Transformer Based on DGA,”
IEEE 2005 International Symposium on
Electrical Insulating Materials, Kitakyushu,
Japan, pp. 483-485 Jun. 5-9, 2005.
[12] V. Miranda and A. R. G. Castro, “Improving
the IEC Table for Transformer Failure
Diagnosis With Knowledge Extraction From
Neural Networks,” IEEE Trans in power
Delivery, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 2509-2516, Oct.
2005.
۱ ‫ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬،۳۹ ‫ ﺟﻠﺪ‬،‫ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ‬/۳۵
‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ‬
‫ ﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬.‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ‬
،‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﮏ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ‬
.‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬،‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ ﺑﺮﺍ ﻫﺮﻳﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ‬.‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
.‫ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬۳۰ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮ‬-۶
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻳﮏ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬.‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ‬CO2 ‫ ﻭ‬CO ، C2 H 6 ، CH 4 ، H 2 ، N 2 ‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
.‫ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ‬CO2 ‫ ﻭ‬CO ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
.‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺮﺧﻂ‬
‫ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻨﺎﺭ‬،‫ﻗﺪﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍ‬
.‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﮏ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﮏ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬،‫ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻮﻕ‬.‫ﺧﺒﺮﻩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬،‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺭﺍ‬
.‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮐﺮﺩ‬،‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺧﻄﺎﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
.‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬
[1] J. Lapworth, “A Novel Approach (Scoring
System) For Integrating Dissolved Gas
Analysis Results Into A Life Management
System,” the 2002 IEEE International
Symposium on Electrical Insulation, Boston,
MA USA, pp. 137-144. Apr. 7- 10, 2002.
[2] Z. Qian and Z. Yan, “Fuzzy synthetic method
for life assessment of power Transformer,”
 ...‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‬
Diagnosis,” IEEE Trans in Power System, vol.
20, no. 2, pp. 717-724, May 2005.
[16] K. O. Wong, “Expert System for Transformer
Fault Diagnosis,” B. E Honours Thesis, Nov.
2000, School of Computer Science and
Electrical Engineering, The University of
Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
[17] K. Spurgeon, W. H. Tang, Q. H. Wu, Z. J.
Richardson and G. Moss, “Dissolved gas
analysis using evidential reasoning,” IEE Proc.
Sci. Meas. Technol., vol. 152, no. 3, pp. 110-
117, May 2005.
۱ ‫ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬،۳۹ ‫ ﺟﻠﺪ‬،‫ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ‬/۳۶
[13] D. R. Morais and J. G. Rolim, “A Hybrid Tool
for Detection of Incipient Faults in
Transformers Based on the Dissolved Gas
Analysis of Insulating Oil,” IEEE Trans on
Power Delivery, vol. 21, no.2, pp. 673-680,
Apr. 2006.
[14] K. F. Thang, R. K. Aggarwal and A. J.
McGrail, “Analysis of power transformer
dissolved gas data using the self-organizing
map,” IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, vol.18,
no.4, pp. 1241–1248, Oct. 2003.
[15] A. R. G. Castro and V. Miranda, “Knowledge
Discovery in Neural Networks With
Application to Transformer Failure
‫ﭘﻲﻧﻮﺷﺖﻫﺎ‬
1- Fuzzy measure
2- Online