ENVIRONMENT

(WEST) GHANA

The country of Ghana has an impressive story of economic growth. But this
comes with a warning: the natural resources that underpin this success must be
protected and sustainably managed.

Over the past 30 years, an increase in the price and production of cocoa, gold,
and oil helped transform Ghana: real GDP growth quadrupled, extreme poverty dropped
by half, and in 2011, Ghana moved to a Lower Middle-Income Country status. The
fundamental question is: How can this impressive development, anchored firmly on
natural capital, continue to deliver gains in macroeconomic growth and poverty
reduction?

The recent World Bank Ghana Country Environmental Analysis (CEA)

responds by providing the scale, scope, and economic effects of environmental
degradation on society. Air, plastics, and water pollution affect health and hygiene; gold
mines, unmanaged solid waste, and contaminated sites release hazardous chemicals;
land degradation, deforestation, and overfishing heavily impact livelihoods and limit
drivers of growth.

According to the CEA, environmental degradation costs $6.3 billion annually

or nearly 11% of Ghana’s 2017 GDP . Non-renewable resources such as gold and oil
cannot sustain growth as resources deplete while renewable resources like cocoa,
timber, and other tree and food crops, depend on good environmental stewardship.
There are clear signs and scientific evidence that the erosion of the natural capital may
put at risk growth, livelihoods, and human health.

Reyna yung simula according to (etong last paragraph)

 environmental degradation costs $6.3 billion/ nearly 11%

 . Non-renewable resources/ deplete
 renewable resources/ depend on good environmental stewardship

ganto format mii sa PPT

https://blogs.worldbank.org/africacan/ghana-balancing-economic-growth-and-depletion-
resources#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20CEA%2C%20environmental,depend
%20on%20good%20environmental%20stewardship.
LOCATION

Ghana is a West African country on the Gulf of Guinea. Its neighbours are
Côte d'Ivoire, to the west, Burkina Faso, which lies north, and Togo, to the east. Ghana
is mainly flat, but there are hills in the northern part of the country. It has a central area
of forest and sandy beaches along the coast.

ENVIRONMENT

(SOUTH) BOTSWANA

The Botswana has a work called the Environment and Climate Change
Portfolio is focused on supporting the Government of Botswana to realize its
national priorities in environmental management focusing on managing the trade-off
between income generation and environmental sustainability.

The country’s population has grown, coupled with this growth is the
expanded irrigated land, and increased power generation and other amenities.
The trade-offs between development and environmental sustainability are becoming
more evident in the form of threats to fauna and flora, air pollution and water pollution.
Ensuring that resource extraction levels are within the capacity of the environment to
assimilate and regenerate is a key concern. Human/animal conflicts are increasingly
important, particularly where geographic proximity does not necessarily ensure formal
access to benefits. Efforts at environmental management are hampered by a
multiplicity of actors including weak coordination capacity, inadequate data, inadequate
follow-up on environmental assessments, weak cost-benefit analysis of investments,
and limited active engagement of citizens in environmental protection and management.
The Environment and Climate Change Portfolio has partnered with Government
through pilot projects to deliver on the 2030 Agenda representing a paradigm shift
away from relationships based on delivery of activities to the development of shared
understanding of challenges, solutions and roles in achieving the SDG or the
Sustainable Development Goals; coordination of multi-stakeholder partners; promotion
of broad ownership of progress by all relevant stakeholders; strengthening issue-based
coalitions and platforms; and leveraging greater knowledge, capacities and resources.

https://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/climate
 The environment in Botswana is semi – arid. Often a heavy downpour may
occur in one area while 10 or 15 km away there is no rain at all. Showers are often
followed by strong sunshine so that a good deal of the rainfall does not penetrate the
ground but is lost to evaporation and transpiration.

Seasons in Botswana

 November – March
Summer Season It usually brings very high temperatures. However, these
high temperatures bring unstable conditions and rain. Rain and cloud cover can
cool things down considerably, although only usually for short periods of time.
 May – August
Also the dry season when virtually no rainfall occurs. Winter days are
invariably sunny and cool to warm. However, with no cloud cover, evening and
night temperatures can rapidly fall, reaching below zero in some areas,
especially in the southwest.
 The in-between periods - April/ Early May and September/October - still tend
to be dry, but the days are cooler than in summer and the nights are warmer than
in winter.

LOCATION

Botswana, country in the centre of Southern Africa. The territory is roughly

triangular—approximately 600 miles (965 km) from north to south and 600 miles
from east to west—with its eastern side protruding into a sharp point. Its eastern
and southern borders are marked by river courses and an old wagon road; its
western borders are lines of longitude and latitude through the Kalahari, and its
northern borders combine straight lines with a river course. Within the confines of
Botswana’s borders is a rich variety of wildlife, including many species of mammals,
birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish.

https://www.britannica.com/place/Botswana