Water management

Non-Revenue Water Reduction Management -

(Drought climates and the case of Nicosia, Cyprus)
57th ECCE General Meeting – SC Environment and Sustainability
in Lisbon, Portugal

31 May - 1 June, 2013

George Demetriou
Cyprus Council of Civil engineers
Cyprus Association of
Civil Engineers
Presentation outline

• Water scarcity considerations and Identification of the

environment
• Water efficiency and Non-Revenue Water
• Strategic approach and Non-Revenue analysis
• Importance of Non-Revenue Water
• Main pillars of actions
• Decision Support System
• Guiding issues/actions
• Benefits

2
Water scarcity - Drought climates

Considerations
• The lack of precipitation in many countries produces a very
demanding budget for water supply efficiency.

• Water is a necessity for health and life - Need to keep

attention about the consequences due to lack of water.

• Economic crisis increases the need to take care.

• Economic, Social, environmental issue.

• The role of Civil Engineers.

3
 Problem Identification and the environment

Eg Cyprus
• Subtropical climate of Semi-arid type
• Very mild winters - warm to hot
summers. Rain occurs mainly in winter,
with 8 months summer being generally
dry.
• The warmest climate (and warmest
winters) in the Mediterranean part of the
European Union.
• Average annual temperature (coast) 24
°C day 14 °C night.
• Middle of summer (July – August) is hot
– 35 °C day and 23 °C night.

4
 Water supply environment eg Cyprus
• Cyprus is suffering from an on-
going shortage of water. The
country relied heavily on rain to
provide household water and for
many years now, with very few
exceptions, the average annual
rainfall seems to be decreasing.
• Reservoirs keep water, however,
demand has increased annually –
a result of local population
growth, foreigners relocating to
Cyprus and the number of visiting
tourists – while rain water supply
has fallen.
• 108 dams - Total water storage
capacity 300 Mm3. Dams was the
principal source of water.
• Water desalination plants have
been gradually constructed,
investing highly, in order to deal
with the prolonged drought.
production of 200.000m3 (?) daily.
• Efforts to raise public awareness.
• Encourage domestic water users
to act more responsibly for the
conservation of this increasingly
scarce commodity. 5
• Water is precious
Water shortage – Import water

Year 2008

Ocean Tanker

2008-2009: Cyprus, Nicosia

The scarcity of water lead to the application of
intermittent supply. Supply 12hrs/48hrs
Intermittent supply and 3d party activities lead to
• Increase of Non Revenue water.
• High budget deficits.
2012:
Cost of production (Episkopi Desalination) very high
(85€sents/m3) compared to the current price WBN
buys water from the WDD (77 €sents/m3)
Need to Manage efficiently and effectively
Water availability and the Non-Revenue Water issue

• Do we use the available water efficiently?

What is NRW?
• NRW: The water supplied that gives “no revenue”.
= Actual Supply – registered consumption.
• Do we know it?
• How accurate can we be? (accuracy of instruments)
• Completeness (quantity & quality) of data.

 Need for a strategy to estimate NRW

7
 Strategic approach
Basis of actions followed:
IWA - Water loss task force and
Waterloss-Med program - guiding lines. www.waterloss-project.eu
(Partners: Greece, France, Cyprus, Spain, Italy, Slovenia)

Examine the cause and the effect of each Non-Revenue water component
Ljubjlana (SL)
Baho ; Argeles-sur-
mer; Thuir (FR)
Kozani
Pilot areas of (EL)
WATERLOSS project Castellbisbal SIEL
(ES) (FR)

Partner's Partner's Partner's Partner's

Melito di
Partner's full NAME
No

LP=PP1
Aristotle University of
Thessaloniki - AUTH
official sign City

Thessaloniki
Country

Greece Napoli (IT)

Conseil Général des Pyrénées

Nicosia
PP2 Perpignan France
Orientales - PO

PP3 Water Board of Nicosia - WBN Nicosia Cyprus

PP4
Regional Development Centre -
RDC
Slovenia (CY)
Metropolitan Area of Barcelona -
PP5 Barcelona Spain
AMB

Kozani Municipal Water &

PP6 Kozani Greece
Sewerage Utility - DEYAK

Autorità di Bacino dei Fiumi Liri-

PP7 Caserta Italy
Garigliano-Volturno - LG

University of Ljubljana-Faculty for

PP8 Civil & Geodetic Engineering - Ljubljana Slovenia
UL

PP9 Department of Herault - DH Montpelier France

Components of NRW

• Unbilled authorised consumption

• Apparent losses
• Real Losses

9
 Water Balance – average daily 2011
WATER BOARD OF NICOSIA
WATER BALANCE, using the IWA methothology FOR THE YEAR 2011 (in cubic meters per day)

Billed Metered Consumption

Billed Authorised 49,396
Consumption 76.91% Revenue Water
49,404 Billed Un-metered Consumption 49,404
Authorised 76.92% 8 76.92%
Consumption 0.01%
49,423 Unbilled Metered Consumption
76.95% Unbilled Authorised 5
Consumption 0.01%
19 Unbilled Un-metered Consumption
0.03% 14
Distribution System 0.02%
Input Volume Unauthorised Consumption
64,227 321
100.00% Apparent Losses 0.50%
1,606 Customer Metering Inaccuracies
2.50% 1,285
2.00% Non-Revenue Water
Leakage on Transmission and/or Distribution 14,823
Water Losses 737 23.08%
14,804 1.15%

Water Balance
– year analysis
23.05% Leakage and Overflows at Utility's Storage

Water Balance 2011

64
Real Losses 0.10%
13,198 Leakage on Service Connections
20.55% 2,484
3.87%
Leakage Losses that can be located
9,913
15.43%
Analysis of Water Losses and estimation of Background Losses and Leakage Losses that can be located according to statistical analysis

WATER BOARD OF NICOSIA

WATER BALANCE, using the IWA methothology FOR THE YEAR 2011 (in cubic meters)

Billed Metered Consumption

Billed Authorised 18,029,434
Consumption 76.91% Revenue Water
9% - 18,032,374 Billed Un-metered Consumption 18,032,374
Authorised 76.92% 2,940 76.92%
RL2.109.844m3 Consumption
18,039,427
0.01%
Unbilled Metered Consumption
76.95% Unbilled Authorised 1,835

?
Consumption 0.01%
7,053 Unbilled Un-metered Consumption
0.03% 5,218
Distribution System 0.02%
Data reliability Input Volume
23,442,714
Unauthorised Consumption
117,214
100.00% Apparent Losses 0.50%
586,068 Customer Metering Inaccuracies
2.50% 468,854
2.00% Non-Revenue Water
Leakage on Transmission and/or Distribution 5,410,341
Water Losses 268,846 23.08%
8,43% - 5,403,288 1.15%
23.05% Leakage and Overflows at Utility's Storage
RL3.176.487m3 Real Losses
23,443
0.10%
4,817,220 Leakage on Service Connections
20.55% 906,565
3.87%
Leakage Losses that can be located
3,618,366
15.43% 10
Analysis of Water Losses and estimation of Background Losses and Leakage Losses that can be located according to statistical analysis
 Importance of NRW-Reduction
• NRW can be considered as a source of water supply.
• NRW varies from city to city.

• World Bank study- 2006: Developing countries

– Loss of water – 45M cubic meters/day
– Not paid water – 35 M cubic meters/day
• Theft
• Corruption
• Poor metering
 Water needs for Cyprus for one year

11
 NRW

0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
1st 2007 17.83% 17.83%
20.48%
2nd 2007 22.92%
3d 2007 20.06% 20.33%
4th 2007 17.29% 19.47%
5th 2007 15.46% 18.61%
6th 2007 23.74% 19.44%

1st 2008 16.58% 16.58%

2nd 2008 13.03% 14.85%
3d 2008 17.60% 15.71%
4th 2008 8.36% 13.92%
5th 2008 12.07% 13.56%
Intermittent

6th 2008 14.46% 13.70%

1st 2009 12.19% 12.19%
17.21%
supply

2nd 2009 21.68%

3d 2009 16.72% 17.03%
4th 2009 15.14% 16.49%

% NRW bimonthly
16.04%
5th 2009 14.38%
6th 2009 24.96% 17.69%

1st 2010 27.06% 27.06%

2nd 2010 31.51% 29.38%
% NRW bi-monthly 2007-2012

Bimonthly/year

3d 2010 24.18% 27.53%

4th 2010 24.33% 26.66%
5th 2010 25.02% 26.31%
6th 2010 25.12% 26.11%
1st 2011 23.61% 23.61%
% NRW yearly

2nd 2011 25.06% 24.35%

3d 2011 25.44% 24.74%
4th 2011 21.08% 23.74%
5th 2011 21.91% 23.36%
6th 2011 21.43% 23.05%
1st 2012 21.39% 21.39%
2nd 2012 23.41% 22.41%
3d 2012 23.29% 22.72%
On 1/5/09 release of measures: 14hrsΧ3 days/week+10hrs Sunday c/o availability

4th 2012 24.45% 23.18%

5th 2012 17.30% 21.98%
Progress of NRW for the Water Board of Nicosia 2007-2012

6th 2012 17.74% 21.34%

12
 Main pillars of action – Non revenue water
management. Apparent and Real Losses
Install PRVs and
Registration

connect through
Under-
Meter

Review processes, water tanks

Economic Establish proactive
Water Target For Meter
Accounting
Errors
Apparent Loss
Existing
Reading
Errors inspection
Apparent Loss
24 hrs policy based
Water
Theft

on seriousness

• Very low flow rate – water

Buy more
tanks on roofs, small leaks in
private systems acoustic
• Theft
Main • Meter inaccuracies – under-
registration
loggers,
reasons: • Meter reading errors.
Increase crew
for ACL,
improve
• Detailed procedures
procedures and
testing
• Replace meters Replace if frequent
• legislation incidents
After classifying main NRW components
13
consider methods of improvement
 WATERLOSS Decision Support System

Search for Procedure for

performance assessment
indicators & related
parameters
Results including the
Water Balance by IWA.
Components of NRW and
strategic and operational measures for NRW-reduction
Benefits

• Satisfied customers/citizens.
• Less energy consumption.
• Less carbon footprint from Water supply chain.
• Less Non-Revenue Water.
• More just pricing.
• Better image.
• Better knowledge of the system.
• Less system input volume.
• Less # leaks recorded.
• Decrease in overtime work.
• Better system operation.
• Decrease apparent losses, etc
16
 Conclusions
• Utilities have to manage effectively to avoid losses either in productivity
or due to waste of Water. Quality management is essential.
• Technology can be used to upgrade the management of Non-revenue
water.
• Water loss can be considered as the biggest bad consumer of water.
• Keep and assess critical variables and indicators related to the
economics of water.
• Collection of data and assessment must be continuous. A Decision
Support System/tool (DSS) can help simplifying processes.
• Continuously improve the infrastructure and the processes. It worth.
• Implementation and utilization of experience gained. Expand the
benefits and lessons learned to other systems.
• Opportunity for Civil Engineers

17
 we DO care
about water…
Thank you for your attention

George Demetriou
Cyprus Council of Civil engineers

Cyprus Association 18
of Civil Engineers