Macropolitics can either describe political issues that affect an entire political system (e.g.

the nation state), or refer to interactions between political systems (e.g. international
relations).[64]

Global politics (or world politics) covers all aspects of politics that affect multiple political
systems, in practice meaning any political phenomenon crossing national borders. This can
include cities, nation-states, multinational corporations, non-governmental organizations,
and/or international organizations. An important element is international relations: the
relations between nation-states may be peaceful when they are conducted through
diplomacy, or they may be violent, which is described as war. States that are able to exert
strong international influence are referred to as superpowers, whereas less-powerful ones
may be called regional or middle powers. The international system of power is called the
world order, which is affected by the balance of power that defines the degree of polarity in
the system. Emerging powers are potentially destabilizing to it, especially if they display
revanchism or irredentism.

Politics inside the limits of political systems, which in contemporary context correspond to
national borders, are referred to as domestic politics. This includes most forms of public
policy, such as social policy, economic policy, or law enforcement, which are executed by
the state bureaucracy.

Mesopolitics

Mesopolitics describes the politics of intermediary structures within a political system, such
as national political parties or movements.[64]

A political party is a political organization that typically seeks to attain and maintain political
power within government, usually by participating in political campaigns, educational
outreach, or protest actions. Parties often espouse an expressed ideology or vision,
bolstered by a written platform with specific goals, forming a coalition among disparate
interests.[65]

Political parties within a particular political system together form the party system, which can
be either multiparty, two-party, dominant-party, or one-party, depending on the level of
pluralism. This is affected by characteristics of the political system, including its electoral
system. According to Duverger's law, first-past-the-post systems are likely to lead to
two-party systems, while proportional representation systems are more likely to create a
multiparty system.

Micropolitics

Micropolitics describes the actions of individual actors within the political system.[64] This is
often described as political participation.[66] Political participation may take many forms,
including:

● Activism
● Boycott
● Civil disobedience
● Demonstration