WORKSHEET 6 Breath Spray PCOS111 PH3Y2 1 LAB

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3Y2-1 PCOS311 LAB
BREATH SPRAY
Breath spray is a product sprayed into the mouth for the purpose of temporarily eliminating
or at least covering up bad breath. The masking effect is short-term and reported to last
for 4-6 hours. Common flavours of breath sprays include cinnamon, spearmint and
peppermint.
Objectives: To formulate a Breath spray
Material/s:
● 30 mL distilled or purified water

● 5 mL vegetable glycerin
● 1 mL Xylitol
● 1.5 mL Peppermint essential oil
● 1 mL Cinnamon essential oil
● 0.5 mL Clove essential oil
Apparatus:
❏ Glass beaker
❏ Stirring rod
❏ Top loading balance
❏ Graduated cylinder
❏ Dropper
❏ Pippete
❏ Aspirator
❏ Funnel
❏ Sprayer bottle
Procedure:
1. Measure all the ingredients separately in a top loading balance.
2. Combine all the ingredients in a glass beaker.
3. Use a funnel to transfer into your bottle.

EXPERIMENT 6
BREATH SPRAY
QUESTIONS:
1. Enumerate the materials used in the experiment and Identify the use of each.
Materials Uses
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Distilled Water Water is used in the formulation of virtually every
type of cosmetic and personal care product. It can
be found in lotions, creams, bath products,
cleansing products, deodorants, makeup,
moisturizers, oral hygiene products, personal
cleanliness products, skin care products,
shampoo, hair conditioners, shaving products, and
suntan products.
Vegetable Glycerin It is used safely in numerous cosmetics and

personal care products such as soaps, toothpaste,
shaving cream, and skin/hair care products to
provide smoothness and lubrication. It is also a
well-known humectant that prevents the loss of
moisture from products so they don’t dry out as
quickly. Other reported functions for glycerin
include use as a fragrance ingredient, denaturant,
hair conditioning agent, oral care agent, skin
conditioning agent— humectant, skin protectant,
oral health care drug, and viscosity decreasing
agent.
Xylitol It is extracted from birch wood to make medicine.

Xylitol is widely used as a sugar substitute and in
"sugar-free" chewing gums, mints, and other
candies. However, sorbitol is the most commonly
used sweetener in sugarless gums because it is
less expensive than xylitol and easier to make into
commercial products.
Peppermint essential oil It is used to impart a distinct odor or flavor to

products. In cosmetic and personal care products,
these ingredients may also function as skin
conditioning agents.
Cinnamon essential oil It is used in aromatherapy applications, Cinnamon

Essential Oil is known to diminish the feelings of
depression, faintness, and exhaustion, to stimulate
the libido, and to strengthen immunity.
Clove essential oilClove oil can be especially useful for dental

hygiene. For years, Clove oil has been used in
candies, gum, and dental preparations due to its
ability to cleanse the mouth and help freshen
breath. There are several ways to harness the
cleansing and soothing benefits of Clove oil for the
teeth,
2. What are the common causes of oral health problems?
gums, and mouth at home. For example, place a
single drop of Clove oil in two ounces of water and
gargle for a soothing effect.
Oral health conditions
The majority of oral health conditions are: dental caries (tooth decay), periodontal
diseases, oral cancers, oral manifestations of HIV, oro-dental trauma, cleft lip and palate,
and noma (severe gangrenous disease starting in the mouth mostly affecting children).
Most oral health conditions are largely preventable and can be treated in their early
stages.
The Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 estimated that oral diseases affect close to 3.5
billion people worldwide, with caries of permanent teeth being the most common
condition. Globally, it is estimated that 2.3 billion people suffer from caries of permanent
teeth and more than 530 million children suffer from caries of primary teeth. 2
In most low- and middle-income countries, with increasing urbanization and changes in
living conditions, the prevalence of oral diseases continues to increase. This is primarily
due to inadequate exposure to fluoride (in the water supply and oral hygiene products
such as toothpaste) and poor access to oral health care services in the community.
Marketing of food and beverages high in sugar, as well as tobacco and alcohol, has led
to a growing consumption of products that contribute to oral health conditions and other
noncommunicable diseases.
Dental caries (tooth decay)
Dental caries result when plaque forms on the surface of a tooth and converts the free
sugars (all sugars added to foods by the manufacturer, cook, or consumer, plus sugars
naturally present in honey, syrups, and fruit juices) contained in foods and drinks into
acids that destroy the tooth over time. A continued high intake of free sugars, inadequate
exposure to fluoride and a lack of removal of plaque by toothbrushing can lead to caries,
pain and sometimes tooth loss and infection.
Periodontal (gum) disease
Periodontal disease affects the tissues that both surround and support the tooth. The
disease is characterized by bleeding or swollen gums (gingivitis), pain and sometimes
bad breath. In its more severe form, the gum can come away from the tooth and
supporting bone, causing teeth to become loose and sometimes fall out. Severe
periodontal diseases are estimated to affect nearly 10% of the global population. The
main causes of periodontal disease are poor oral hygiene and tobacco use.
Oral cancer
Oral cancer includes cancers of the lip, other parts of the mouth and the oropharynx. The
global incidence of cancers of the lip and oral cavity) is estimated at 4 cases per 100 000
people. However, there is wide variation across the globe: from no recorded cases to
around 20 cases per 100 000 people.3Oral cancer is more common in men and in older
people, and varies strongly by socio-economic condition.
In some Asian-Pacific countries, the incidence of oral cancer ranks among the three top
cancers.3 Tobacco, alcohol and areca nut (betel quid) use are among the leading causes
of oral cancer.4In North America and Europe, human papillomavirus infections are
responsible for a growing percentage of oral cancers among young people.5
Oral manifestations of HIV infection
Oral manifestations occur in 30-80% of people with HIV,6 with considerable variations
depending on the affordability of standard antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Oral manifestations include fungal, bacterial or viral infections of which oral candidiasis is
the most common and often the first symptom. Oral HIV lesions cause pain, discomfort,
dry mouth, and difficulties swallowing.
Early detection of HIV-related oral lesions can be used to diagnose HIV infection and
monitor the disease’s progression. Early detection is also important for timely treatment.
Oro-dental trauma
Oro-dental trauma results from injury to the teeth, mouth and oral cavity.Around 20% of
people suffer from trauma to teeth at some point in their life. 7 Oro-dental trauma can be
caused by oral factors such as lack of alignment of teeth and environmental factors (such
as unsafe playgrounds, risk-taking behaviour and violence). Treatment is costly and
lengthy and sometimes can even lead to tooth loss, resulting in complications for facial
and psychological development and quality of life.
Noma
Noma is a severe gangrenous disease of the mouth and the face. It mostly affects children
between the ages of 2 and 6 years suffering from malnutrition, affected by infectious
disease, living in extreme poverty with poor oral hygiene and/or with weakened immune
systems.
Noma is mostly found in sub-Saharan Africa, although cases have also been reported in
Latin America and Asia. Noma starts as a soft tissue lesion (a sore) of the gums, inside
the mouth. The initial gum lesion then develops into an acute necrotizing gingivitis that
progresses rapidly, destroying the soft tissues and further progressing to involve the hard
tissues and skin of the face.
In 1998, WHO estimated that there were 140 000 new cases of noma annually. Without
treatment, noma is fatal in 90% of cases. Survivors suffer from severe facial
disfigurement, have difficulty speaking and eating, face social stigma, and require
complex surgery and rehabilitation. Where noma is detected at an early stage, its
progression can be rapidly halted, through basic hygiene, antibiotics and improved
nutrition.
Cleft lip and palate
Clefts of the lip or palate affect more than 1 in 1000 newborns worldwide. Genetic
predisposition is a major cause. However, poor maternal nutrition, tobacco consumption,
alcohol and obesity during pregnancy also play a role. 8 In low-income settings, there is a
high mortality rate in the neonatal period. If lip and palate clefts are properly treated by
surgery, complete rehabilitation is possible.
3. What are the potential health risks of using Breath sprays/Mouthwash?
As with gum and mints, the ingredients in the mouth spray determine whether it is safe
for your oral health. Many breath sprays contain alcohol or some form of sugar, which is
actually damaging for your teeth and promotes acid production. When your mouth is
highly acidic, it allows bacteria to thrive and increases your risk of tooth decay.
● Mouthwash can be dangerous for children when ingested. Children are

prone to accidentally ingesting mouthwash, and it can have serious health
hazards for them. It can result to convulsions and in more serious cases, it can
lead to comatose.Children between the ages of six and 12 should be under adult
supervision when mouthwashing. Meanwhile, those who are below five years old
should only use mouthwash when prescribed by a dentist.
● Mouthwash can damage some parts of the mouth. Mouthwashes with high
alcohol content can burn the delicate mucus membranes in the mouth.
● Mouthwash can stain and darken teeth. When chlorhexidine gluconate, an
ingredient present in some mouthwashes, comes in contact with food additives
left in the mouth, it can result to staining or darkening of the teeth.
● Mouthwash can irritate canker sores. Mouth washing can help heal canker
sores, but when you use a type of mouthwash that has a high alcohol content, it
can further aggravate the condition.
● Mouthwash can simply mask bad breath. And not for a long time.
Mouthwashing will never be a substitute for toothbrushing. Using mouthwash is
just one of the many areas of proper oral health. While it can conceal problems
by giving temporary fresh breath, it will not be able to address oral issues on its
own.
4. List down the different sweetening agents used in breath sprays.

Flavoring agents and sweeteners are added to improve the dentifrice taste. This is
a very important ingredient from a marketing standpoint, because consumers can have a
strong preference for flavor. Most dentifrices have potent flavoring agents to mask the
taste of some other ingredients that may have bitter or metallic tastes. Common flavoring
agents and sweeteners include peppermint, saccharin, and xylitol.
Sweeteners used in dentifrices are all non-cariogenic; and thus do not contribute to caries
formation. Some dental professionals take special interest in knowing whether an oral
care product contains xylitol because there are reports in the literature that it may provide
a small anticaries benefit;103 however, xylitol is not approved by the US FDA as a proven
anticaries agent. In the US, products utilize the FDA approved drug actives [sodium
fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate or stannous fluoride] to provide anticaries
benefits.
Glycerol
This ingredient keeps toothpaste from drying out, gives it a consistent texture and
helps it glide smoothly from the tube. Although it can go by multiple names — glycerol,
glycerin or glycerine — it’s all the same molecule. When it’s not used in toothpaste,
glycerol can also be added to processed foods such as yogurt, pre-cooked rice and
peanut butter.
Sorbitol
Sorbitol plays two parts: Along with glycerol, it helps hold the toothpaste together,
and it’s also a sweetening agent. Saccharin is another common sweetener. Unlike sugar,
however, sorbitol does not cause cavities. It can also be used as a sugar substitute for
people with diabetes.
Saccharin
Enough said. But, for those of you who still consume it, the sweetening agent in
Sweet N ‘Low is saccharin, which has been linked to bladder cancer. Splenda (sucralose)
is a chlorocarbon and Equal (aspartame) is an excitotoxin. These are three chemicals
that offer absolutely no health benefit to the body and over time will potentially lead to
health problems. Additionally, brain tumors and lymphoma in rodents have been linked to
consumption of high amounts of the sweetener.
Reference/s:
● Cosmetics Info.org. (2021) Cosmetics Ingredients Retrieved
March 25, 2021 from https://cosmeticsinfo.org/
● doTerra. (2020) Clove Oil Uses and Benefits. Retrieved
March 25, 2021 from https://www.doterra.com/US/en/blog/spotlight-clove-oil
● World Health Organization. (2020). Retrieved March 25, 2021 from
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/oral-health
● United Nations General Assembly. Political Declaration of the High-level Meeting
of the General Assembly on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable
Diseases. Resolution A/66/L1. 2011
● lobal, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability
for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a
systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2018;
392: 1789–8583
● Ferlay J EM, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I,
Bray F. Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International
Agency for Research on Cancer. Published 2018. Accessed 14 September, 2018.
● Kyrene Family Dentistry. (2021) The Benefits and Disadvantages of Using
Mouthwash. Retrieved from The Benefits and Disadvantages of Using Mouthwash
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This study source was downloaded by 100000845415690 from CourseHero.

com on 04-19-2022 22:39:25 GMT -05:00

Objectives: To formulate a Breath spray

● 30 mL distilled or purified water

1. Measure all the ingredients separately in a top loading balance.

2. Combine all the ingredients in a glass beaker.

3. Use a funnel to transfer into your bottle.

Vegetable Glycerin It is used safely in numerous cosmetics and

Xylitol It is extracted from birch wood to make medicine.

Peppermint essential oil It is used to impart a distinct odor or flavor to

Cinnamon essential oil It is used in aromatherapy applications, Cinnamon

Clove essential oilClove oil can be especially useful for dental

Dental caries (tooth decay)

Periodontal (gum) disease

Oral manifestations of HIV infection

3. What are the potential health risks of using Breath sprays/Mouthwash?

● Mouthwash can be dangerous for children when ingested. Children are

4. List down the different sweetening agents used in breath sprays.

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