EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL CRITICISM

GROUP 2

1. Explain the difference between external and internal criticism. 

 External criticism refers to a type of historical research where it is included in the analysis of
the sources of the document to be used. Meanwhile, internal criticism refers to the evaluations
done on the accompanying evidence depending on its meaning, as well as on the process of
analyzing the data of the document. The main purpose of having an internal critique is to check
the authenticity of each document.

2. List down the advantages and disadvantages of external and internal criticism.
 Advantages of External Criticism
 Determining historical significance through research.
 Data analysis, gathering data and survey.
 Knowing the characteristics of a certain object and collecting evidences.
 Disadvantages of External Criticism
 Does not identify facts and some are unknown source.
 Sometimes does not support the real evidence.
 Lack of knowledge of a researcher and very expensive tasks.
 Advantages of Internal Criticism
 Exposing proof and evidence to support the credibility of a certain document.
 Stating facts about the information.
 The legalization of the certain document.
 Disadvantages of Internal Criticism
 Can be easily tampered and revised.
 Fraudulent and sometimes does not support the real evidence.
 Can be stolen.

3. What are the various repositories of primary sources of the Philippines?

 The National Archives of the Philippines
 Organized under Republic Act No. 9470 passed on May 21, 2007, the National Archives of the
Philippines (NAP) was established to store, preserve, conserve, and make available to the public
the records, papers, periodicals, books or other items, articles or materials, that have been
selected for permanent reservation.
 The NAP is holding about 60,000,000 archival documents with Spanish Collection comprising an
estimated 13,000,000 manuscripts from the 16th to 19th Century with 400 titles on various
aspects of Philippine history under the Spanish rule, American regime and Japanese occupation.
 @nationalarchives.gov.ph
 The National Library of the Philippines
 The National Library of the Philippines (NLP) is the repository of the printed and recorded
cultural heritage of the country and other intellectual , literary and information sources. It was
established by a royal decree on August 12, 1887 and named as the Museo-Biblioteca de
Filipinas.
 @web.nlp.gov.ph
  The National Museum of the Philippines
 As an educational, scientific, and cultural institution, the National Museum (NM) operates the
National Museum of Fine Arts, National Museum of Anthropology, National Museum of
National History, National Planetarium and other museum branches around the country. Its
collection covers fine arts, archaeology, ethnography, and natural history.
 @nationalmuseum.gov.ph
 The American Historical Collection – Ateneo De Manila University
 The American Historical Collection (AHC), established in 1950, consists of some 13,518 books,
18,674 photographs, and other materials related to the American experience in the Philippines
and the relationship of the two countries from 1898 to 1946, such as the reports of the US-
Philippine Commission (1900-1915), Reports of the Governors-General of the Philippine Islands
(1916-1935), Reports of the High Commissioner, the Executive Orders and Proclamations (1901-
1933), Reports of the War Department and of the Secretary of War (1898-1924), and other
insular government reports. With the possible exception of the holdings of the U.S. Library of
Congress, the AHC is the largest, most diverse and most complete collection of materials of this
kind in the world.
 @rizal.lib.admu.edu.ph
 The Asia-Pacific Research Center
 The Asia Pacific Research Center (APRC) is developing an archive by which to study
Pentecostalism, missions, and church growth within the Asia Pacific Region.
 APRC will emphasize the acquisition of primary sources either in the original languages or in
English, of the following:
1. Pentecostal work and history in the Asia Pacific.
2. Christianity in Asia before 1500 and histories of indigenous works of Christianity since 1500.
3. Ethnographies and contextualized theologies for all people groups of the Asia Pacific region.

4. Search for different external and internal examples.

 External Criticism
 Date of event
 Place of production
 The authorship
 Analysis of its production
 Internal Criticism
 Accuracy of context
 Intended audience
 Author of the source
 Its context
 Intended purpose

5. Which of the following repositories do you think holds the largest of data?
 Based on the given information about the different repositories above, we conclude that The
National Archives of the Philippines holds the largest files of data because according to the
insight that we’ve gathered, it preserves about 60,000,000 archival documents including an
estimated 13,000,000 Spanish collection of manuscripts from the 16 th to 19th Century
underlying various aspects of the Philippine history within the Spanish, American and Japanese
regime.
Submitted by Group 2:
Bibat, Fatima O.
Biolango, Ma. Katrina R.
Cagbabanua, Ivan Kyle A.
Callo, Zxyedrick B.
Colon, Joanna Marie G.
Cordero, Rodz Jenrick C.
Cruz, Yvonne B.
Dagohoy, Marjoreen Isabel