Handouts:

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

3 ASPECTS OR DOMAINS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT (Papalia & Feldman, 20212)

 PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT – which covers the growth of the body and the brain, motor and
sensory, and even physical health.
 COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT – which covers our capacity to learn, to speak, to understand, and to
reason and to create.
 PYSCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPENT – which includes our social interactions with other people, our
emotions, attitudes, self-identity, personality, beliefs and values.

3 ASPECTS OF INFLUENCED OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

1. HEREDITY – it is inborn traits passed on by generations of offspring from both sides of the
biological parent’s families.
2. ENVIRONMENT – is the world outside of ourselves and the experiences that result from our
contact and interaction with his external world.
3. MATURATION – is the natural progression of the brain and the body that affects the cognitive
(thinking and intelligence), psychological (emotion, attitudes, self-identity), and social
(relationships) dimension of a person.

PERSONAL – belonging or relating to a particular person (ex. This is just my personal opinion.)

PERSONALITY – the set pf emotional qualities, ways of behaving (ex. He has very pleasant personality.)

DEVELOPMENT – the act or process of growing or causing something to grow pr become large or
advance.

Personal development may define as a process in which a person reflects upon themselves, understand
who they are, accept what they discover about themselves, and learn new sets of values, attitudes,
behavior and thinking skills to reach their fullest potential as human beings.

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

PSYCHOLOGY – is study of human thinking and behavior serves as a foundation for personal
development.

2 PROPONENTS OF HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY

1. ABRAHAM MASLOW – theorized the Hierarchy of Needs into 5 Stages of Human Development.
 Physiological
 Safety
 Love/belonging
 Esteem
 Self-actualization – a person to motivation to reach his or her full potential.
2. CARL ROGER – in his psychotherapy about self- actualization “the individual has within himself
the capacity and the tendency latent if not evident, to move forward toward maturity.”
PERNAL DEVELOPEMT IN ADOLESCENCE

ADOLESCENCE – is the transition period between childhood or early adulthood.

 Early adolescence – between 10 to 13 years of age.

 Middle adolescence – between 14 to 16 years of age.
 Late adolescence – between 17 to 20 years of age.

SPIRITUALITY AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS IN PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

Spiritual and religious beliefs influence personal development. Research shows that the information of
one’s personal identity includes their attitudes about religion.

Getting to Know One’s Self

“No one is you, and that is your power.” - Dave Grohl

Adolescence is a stage of self-discovery. It is the time when young people build their identities and learn
more about themselves as they go through life’s different changes and challenges. The goal is not only
to know oneself, but also to accept who one is. With this acceptance is the power to make things
happen and also, the power to build a life that he/she desires.

Learn about It!

Ever since you were a baby, you already possessed some knowledge about yourself. You would respond
to yourself in the mirror, and learn to acknowledge your body. As you grow older, there are more
opportunities available that exist for you to get to know yourself better. As you get to interact with more
and more people in your everyday encounters, your knowledge of yourself also becomes more complex.
This information you have of yourself can either become an empowering tool or a delimiting one.

Self-Concept

Everything that you know about yourself is called self-concept. It is your perception of yourself, how you
define and understand yourself as a multi-dimensional (physical, spiritual, emotional, social, and moral)
human being.

Three essential components:

1) physical characteristics - are used to describe how you look in either a positive

2) personality traits - are the stable characteristics that determine your behavior

3) social identity - would refer to the social group where you belong. Self-concepts are never simple,
given the differences in backgrounds of individuals.

The self-concept regarding its three basic components

1) Physical Characteristics – “I am fair-skinned.” “I am chubby.”

2) Personality Traits - “I am trustworthy.” “I am outgoing.”

3) Social Identity – “I am the daughter of Leni.” “I am a Muslim.”

Self-complexity, or the different ways in which you think about yourself, can be high or low according to
researchers. If you have a lot of social identities, such as a daughter, student, volleyball team captain,
friend, sister– you are said to have high complexity. All of these components determine how you are
different or unique from others, and how you evaluate yourself against others.

Self-Esteem

When you evaluate yourself against others based on your knowledge of yourself, your self-esteem is
affected. Self-concept is greatly associated with self-esteem, which is the value that you put on what you
know about yourself. It is a positive or negative self-evaluation of the self-concept that could be based
on your performance or behavior or your interaction with others. Self-worth (how much you value
yourself) Self-efficacy (the belief and confidence that you can accomplish tasks and control your
environment).

The “Self” can be defined in the different ways: philosophically, psychologically, spirituality, and also in
thought, actions or behavior. Personality is the unique and enduring set of behaviors, feelings, thought,
motives and attitudes that characterizes a person. Both nature (heredity or genetic makeup) and nurture
(environment) influence the development of one’s personality.

Self-Awareness

Self-awareness is the ability to know yourself extensively, not just regarding traits and characteristics,
but also knowing your inner state and how you think. It is a deeper understanding of your emotions,
belief systems, and patterns in behavior and thought that should allow us to effectively redirect negative
traits into positive ones if needed.

In 1972, psychologists Shelley Duval and Robert Wicklund first studied self-awareness and stated in the
self-awareness theory that when you focus on yourself, there is the tendency to compare what you
currently observe to the standards you set for yourself. And when there is a mismatch between your
ideal self and your actual self, this becomes a source of distress for you and is much likely to affect your
self-esteem. In the same way, if the ideal self is consistent with the actual self, you react positively. This
is what the self-discrepancy theory states. In effect, people who are highly self-aware feel more
pressure to live up to their ideals as compared to those who do not know themselves well enough.

The goal then is to have a clear and defined self-concept. Having high self-concept clarity helps you and
your desire to become self-aware by providing a more stable view of your positive traits. This creates
higher self-esteem and less vulnerability to the stress caused by inconsistencies between the actual self
and ideal self. The more well-defined and stable your self-concept is, the more capable you become in
addressing mismatches you will encounter of yourself.

Self-awareness comes in two types:

Internal self-awareness refers to clearly seeing your inner self–your personalities, values, desires,
reactions, and impact on other people.

External self-awareness involves understanding how others see you. The goal here is to attempt to
reach a balance of both types of awareness – to know yourself well and to receive feedback on how
others see you.
A study made by Dr. Tasha Eurich for the Harvard Business Review shows four types of individuals and
how you exhibit internal and external self- awareness. It represents the different categories of your self-
awareness with the mixture of its internal and external types. This categorizes your knowledge of
yourself and of others.