GRAPHING QUADRATIC

FUNCTIONS AND ITS

ANALYSIS
for Mathematics Grade 9
Quarter 1/Week 7

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 FOREWORD

This self-learning kit will serve as a guide in graphing a quadratic

function and analyzing the effects of changing the values of a, h, and k in the
equation y = a(x – h)2 + k on its graph.
It will be your aid as you learn new ideas and enrich your existing
knowledge about mathematical concepts.

Lesson 1

OBJECTIVES:
Knowledge: Determine the highest or lowest point (vertex), axis
of symmetry, direction or opening of the graph, domain, range,
and intercepts of a given quadratic function.

Skill: Draw the graph of a quadratic function using the vertex,

axis of symmetry, direction of the opening of the graph, or given
points.

Attitude: Displays creativity and neatness in sketching graphs

LEARNING COMPETENCY:
Graphs a quadratic function: (a) domain; (b) range; (c) intercepts; (d)
axis of symmetry; (e) vertex; (f) direction of the opening of the
parabola.
(M9AL-Ig-h-i-1)

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I. WHAT HAPPENED

Look at the pictures below. Have you ever wondered how bridges and
buildings were constructed? How do you determine the distance traveled as
well as the height of a soccer ball kicked by a player into the goal? We can
do all these things even if we are not in the real place or situation. These are
just some of many real-world applications of a parabola.

(Projectile Motion n.d.)

(Parabolic Arc n.d. openstax.org) (Projectile Motion n.d.) (Parabolic Structures and
Architecture n.d.)

Let’s start this lesson by generating table of values of quadratic

functions and plotting the points on the coordinate plane. You
will investigate the properties of the graph through guided
questions. As you go through this lesson, keep on thinking about
this question: How can the graph of a quadratic function be used
to solve real-life problems?

PRE-TEST

Activity 1: Plot, Connect, Identify!

Follow the procedure in doing the activity.

I. Given the quadratic functions y = x2 – 2x – 3 and y = -x2 + 4x – 1, transform them into

the form y = a(x – h) 2 + k.

y = x2 – 2x – 3 y = -x2 + 4x – 1
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II. Complete the table of values for x and y.

y = x2 – 2x – 3
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
y

y = -x2 +4x - 1
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
y

III. Sketch the graph on the Cartesian plane.

y = x2 – 2x - 3 y = -x2 +4x – 1

a. What have you observed about the opening of the curves?

b. Do you have any idea where you can relate the opening of the
curves?
c. Which of the two quadratic functions has a minimum point?
d. Which of the two quadratic functions has a maximum point?
Indicate below.
Quadratic Function Vertex (Turning Point) Maximum or Minimum Point
y = x2 – 2x – 3
y = -x2 + 4x – 1
e. Observe each graph above. Can you draw a line that divides the
graph into two equal parts?

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 Take a closer look at the minimum point or the maximum point and try to relate
it to the values of h and k in the equation y = a(x – h) 2 + k of the function.
f. Can you identify the domain and range of the functions?
y = x2 – 2x – 3 Domain: _______ Range: ________
y = -x2 + 4x – 1 Domain: _______ Range: ________
(Bryant, et al. 2014)

II. WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

The graph of a quadratic function y = ax2 + bx + c is called parabola.

A parabola opens upward or

downward. It has a turning point
called vertex which is either the lowest
point or the highest point of the graph.
If the value of a > 0, the parabola
opens upward and has a minimum
point a. If a < 0, the parabola opens
downward and has a maximum
point. There is a line called the axis of
symmetry which divides the graph (Bryant, et al.2014)
into two parts, such that one half of the graph is a reflection of the other half. If the
quadratic function is expressed in the form y = a(x-h)2 + k, the vertex is the point (h,k).
The line x = h is the axis of symmetry and k is the minimum or maximum value of the
function.
The domain of a quadratic function is the set of all real numbers. The range
depends on whether the parabola opens upward or downward. If it opens upward, the
range is the set {y: y ≥ k}; if it opens downward, then the range is the set {y: y ≤ k}.
(Bryant, et al.2014)

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III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Activity 2: Know My Paths!

Sketch the graph of each quadratic function and identify the vertex, domain,
range, the opening of the graph, and the x and y-intercepts. State whether the vertex is a
minimum or a maximum point, and write the equation of its axis of symmetry.

1. f(x) = x2
Vertex _____________
Vertex is a _____________ point
Opening of the graph __________
Equation of the axis of symmetry ______
Domain: _____ Range: _____
x-intercept:___________
y-intercept:___________

2. f(x) = 2x2 + 4x –3
Vertex _____________
Vertex is a _____________ point
Opening of the graph ____________
Equation of the axis of symmetry ______
Domain: _____ Range: _____
x-intercept:___________
y-intercept:___________

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 3. f(x) = -x2 – 2x –3

Vertex _____________
Vertex is a _____________ point
Opening of the graph _____________
Equation of the axis of symmetry ______
Domain: _____ Range: _____
x-intercept:___________
y-intercept:___________

(Bryant, et al. 2014)

POST TEST:
Activity 3: Let’s Analyze!

Analyze the problem and answer the given questions.

Problem 1: A ball on the playing ground was kicked by Carl Jasper. The parabolic
path of the ball is trace by graph below. Height is given in meters and time in seconds.

(Graphs Equations and Equation Systems with Step-by-Step Procedure n.d.)

Questions:
a. How would you describe the graph?
b. What is the initial height of the ball?
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 c. What is the maximum height reached by the ball?
d. Determine the time that corresponds to the maximum height.
e. Determine/Approximate the height of the ball after it has travelled 3 seconds.

Problem 2: The path when a stone is thrown can be modelled by

y = -16x2 + 10x + 4, where y (in feet) is the height of the stone x seconds after it is
released.
a. Graph the function.
b. Determine the maximum height reached by the stone.
c. How long will it take the stone to reach its maximum height?
(Bryant, et al. 2014)

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 REFERENCES

• Bryant, M., et al. 2014. Mathematics-Grade9 Learner’s Module First Edition.

Pasig City: DepEd-IMCS;
• K to 12 Curriculum Guide Mathematics. 2013. Department of Education,
Philippines;
• Parabolic Arch. n.d. Retrieved from en.wikipedia.org/
• Parabolic Structures and Architecture. n.d. Retrieved from youtube.com/
• Projectile Motion. N.d. Retrieved from openstax.org/
• Graph Equations and Equation Systems with Step-by-Step Procedure. n.d.
• Retrieved from www.quickmath.com/

About the Author

ROSALINA A. MARINAY
is a Secondary School Teacher - III of Jose B. Cardenas Memorial High School -
Main Campus, Canlaon I District. She finished Master of Arts in Teaching –
Mathematics (MAT-MATH) at Philippine Normal University - Visayas.

9
 ANSWER KEY
Activity 1
I. Y = (x – 1)2 – 4 y = - (x-2)2 +3

II. y = x2 – 2x - 3
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
y 12 5 0 -3 -4 -3 0 5 12
y = - x2 + 4x -1
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
y -22 -13 -6 -1 2 3 2 -1 -6
III.
y = x2 – 2x -3

y = - x2 + 4x - 1

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a.) The value of a has something to do with the opening of the parabola.
Quadratic Function Vertex (Turning Point) Maximum or Minimum
Point
y = x2 – 2x – 3 ( 1,-4) Minimum point
y = -x2 + 4x – 1 (2,3) Maximum point

b.) If a ˃ 0, the parabola opens upward but if a < 0, the parabola opens
downward.
c.) y = x2 – 2x – 3
d.) y = - x2 + 4x - 1
e.) y = x2 – 2x -3

x=1

y = - x2 + 4x - 1

x=2

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 f) y = x2 – 2x – 3 Domain: Set of all real numbers
Range: y ≥ -4
y = -x2 + 4x – 1 Domain: Set of all real numbers
Range: y ≤ 3
Activity 2
1. f(x) = x2

Vertex: (0, 0)
Opening of the graph: upward
Vertex is a minimum point
Equation of the axis of symmetry: x = 0
Domain: All real numbers
Range: y ≥ 0
x-intercept: 0
y-intercept: 0

2. f(x) = 2x2 + 4x –3

Vertex: (-1, -5)

Opening of the graph: upward
Vertex is a minimum point
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 Equation of the axis of symmetry: x = -1
Domain: All real numbers
Range: y ≥ -5
x-intercept: − 1 + 2 10  −2.581 and 10  .581
y-intercept: -3
3. f(x) = -x2 – 2x -3

Vertex: (-1, -2)

Opening of the graph: downward
Vertex is a maximum point
Equation of the axis of symmetry: x = -1
Domain: All real numbers
Range: y ≤ -2
x-intercept: no x-intercept
y-intercept: -3
Activity 3
Problem 1: a) Parabola b) 0 c) 64 m d) 2 sec e) 48 m
Problem 2: a.)
b) 5.563 ft c) .313 sec

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Lesson 2
OBJECTIVES:
Knowledge: Give the basic properties of the graph of quadratic function
with emphasis on the values of a, h, and k.
Skill: Analyze the effects on the graph of the changes in a, h, and k in
f(x)= a( x-h )2 + k.
Attitude: Show neatness and accuracy in constructing graphs.

LEARNING COMPETENCY:
Analyzes the effects of changing the values of a, h, and k in the equation
y = a(x – h) 2 + k of a quadratic function on its graph. (M9AL-Ii-2)

I. WHAT HAPPENED

(Assessment of Wooden Parabolic Arch Trusses n.d.) (Applications of Conic Sections n.d.)

Look at the pictures below. These are just some of many real-world
applications of a parabola.
We developed a method of sketching the graph of an equation such as
y=a(x-h)2+k using the geometric meaning of the three constants in the
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equation. In the application of quadratic functions, however, an equation is
more likely to be encountered in the form y=ax2+bx+c.

(Vertex of a Parabola n.d.) (Graphs of Quadratic Functions n.d.)

PRE-TEST: Let’s start this lesson by generating table of values through

a given activity, by solving a puzzle and plotting the points
on the coordinate plane.

Activity 1: To the Left, to the Right! Put Me Up, Put Me Down!

Directions: On a graphing paper, draw the graphs of the following quadratic functions
on the same coordinate plane and answer the questions that follows.
A. 1. y = x2 2. y = 2x2 3. y = -x2 4. y = -2x2
Questions:
a. What do you notice about the shape of the graph of the quadratic function y = ax2 ?
b. What happens when a < 0? a ˃ 0?

B. 1. y= (x-2)2 2. y= (x+2)2 3. y =(x+1)2

Question:
a. How would you compare the graph of y = (x - h)2 and that of y = x2?

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C. 1. y = x2 2. y = x2 + 2 3. y = x2 – 2 4. y = x2 – 3
Question:
a. How would you compare the graph of y = x2+ k and that of y = x2 when the vertex
is above the origin? below the origin?

D. 1. y = (x - 2)2 + 4 2. y = (x + 3)2 – 4

3. y = (x - 1)2 – 3 4. y = (x + 4)2 + 5
Questions:
a. What is the effect of the variables h and k on the graph of y = (x - h)2 + k as
compared to the graph of y = x2 ?
b. Make your generalization on the graph of y = (x - h)2 + k.
a. (Bryant et al. 2014)

II. WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

*The graph of a quadratic function y = ax2 + bx + c is called parabola.

*The vertex of the graph of a quadratic function:

Standard form f(x) = a(x-h)2+k

the vertex (h, k) can be directly obtained from the values of h and k.

General form f(x) = ax2+bx+c

4ac − b 2
the vertex (h, k) can be obtained using the formulas h = − b and k = .
2a 4a

Effects of Changing the Value of a:

The graph of f(x) =ax2+bx+c opens upward if a ˃ 0. This implies that the
4ac − b 2
parabola has the lowest point at ( − b , ). The minimum value of the function is
2a 4a
f( − b ).
2a

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 The graph of f(x) =ax2+bx+c opens downward if a < 0. This implies that the
4ac − b 2
parabola has the highest point at ( − b , ). The maximum value of the function is
2a 4a
f ( − b ).
2a
The graph of f(x) =ax2+bx+c is narrower than the graph of f(x) =x2 if ǀaǀ˃1, and wider if
0<ǀaǀ<1.

Effects of Changing the Value of h:

The graph of a quadratic function f(x) =a(x-h)2+k is shifted c units to the right if
f(x) =a[x-(h+c)]2+k, and is shifted c units to the left if f(x) = a[x-(h-c)]2+k.

17
Effects of Changing the Value of k:
The graph of a quadratic function f(x) = a(x-h)2 +k is shifted c units up.
If f(x) =a(x-h)2+(k+c), and is shifted c units down if f(x)=a(x-h)2+(k-c).

(Orines et. al. 2014)

III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Activity 2: Match or Mismatch! (Bryant et al. 2014, 143-144)

Decide whether the given graph is a match or a mismatch with the indicated
equation of quadratic function. Write Match if the graph corresponds with
the correct equation. Otherwise, indicate the correct equation of the quadratic
function
1.

y= (x+4)2

________________________

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2.

y= 2x2 - 3

________________________

3.

y= x2 -12x + 36

________________________

4.

y= -2x2 - 4

________________________

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5.

y= -x2-2x-2

________________________

III. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

POST TEST
Activity 3: Translate Me! (Bryant et al 2014, p. 150)

The graph of f(x) = 2x2 is shown below. Based on this graph, sketch the graphs of the
following quadratic functions in the same coordinate system.
a.) f(x)= 2x2 + 3
b.) f(x)= 2(x-3)2 - 1
c.) f(x)= -2x2 - 1
d.) f(x)= -2(x-1)2
e.) f(x)= 2(x+2)2
f.) f(x)= 2(x+3)2 + 5
Describe the movement
of the graph for each
quadratic function.

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 REFERENCES
Bryant, M., et al. 2014. Mathematics-Grade 9 Learner’s Module (1st Ed.).
Pasig City: DepEd-IMCS;

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Mathematics. 2013. Department of Education,

Philippines

Orines, F., et al. 2014. Next Century Mathematics. Mathematics 9.

Quezon City, Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Assessment of wooden parabolic trusses. n.d. Retrieved from ncptt.nps.gov/

Applications of conic sections. n.d. Retrieved from www.emathzone.com/

Vertex of a parabola. n.d. Retrieved from www. Mathwarehouse.com/

Graphs of quadratic functions. n.d. Retrieved from courses.lumenlearning.com/

About the Author

ROSALINA A. MARINAY
is a Secondary School Teacher - III of Jose B. Cardenas Memorial High School -
Main Campus, Canlaon I District. She finished Master of Arts in Teaching –
Mathematics (MAT-MATH) at Philippine Normal University - Visayas.

21
 ANSWER KEY
Activity 1:
Part A
a. Apply some techniques in analyzing the graphs
b. In the graph of y = ax2 + k, the larger the ǀaǀ is,
the narrower is the graph.
c. If a ˃ 0, the parabola opens upward but if a<0,
the parabola opens downward.

Part B
a. Apply some techniques in analyzing the graphs.
b. To graph y = a(x-h)2, slide the graph of y = ax2
h units horizontally.
If h ˃ 0, slide it to the right, if h < 0, slide it to the
left.
The graph has vertex (h,0) and its axis is the
line x = h.

Part C
a. Apply some techniques in analyzing the graphs.
b. To graph y = ax2+k, slide the graph of y = ax2
vertically k units. If k ˃ 0 slide it upward;
if k < 0, slide it downward. The graph has
vertex (0,k) and its axis of symmetry is the line
x = 0 (y-axis).

Part D
a. Apply some techniques in analyzing the graphs.
b. To graph y = a(x - h)2 +k, slide the graph of
y = ax2 h units horizontally and k units vertically.
The graph has vertex (h, k) and its axis of symmetry
is the line x = h.
So, if a < 0, the parabola opens downward.
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The same procedure can be applied in transforming the graph of quadratic function.
Activity 2: Match or Mismatch!
1. Mismatch The correct equation is y = x2+4
2. Match
3. Match
4. Mismatch The correct equation is y = -2x2+4
5. Match

Activity 3:

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DISCLAIMER

The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide accessible learning modality to the teachers
and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The contents of this module are carefully researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the
set learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to information and illustrations used to substantiate this
24form without expressed written consent from the division.
material. All content is subject to copyright and may not be reproduced in any
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