CHI 2019 91028 TEG

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CHI 2019 91028 TEG

𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 12
𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 = =− = −3
𝑟𝑢𝑛 4
𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑦 = −5
𝑦 = −3𝑥 − 5

𝐾𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑒: 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑠 (−4, 0) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (0,0) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑥 (−2, −4)
𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥(𝑥 + 4)
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑥 (−2, −4)

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CHI 2019 91028 TEG

−4 = 𝑘(−2)((−2) + 4)
−4 = −2𝑘(2)
−4 = −4𝑘
𝑘=1
𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 + 4)
𝑂𝑟
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥
𝑂𝑟 in “vertex form”
𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)2 − 4

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑥 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 (−2, −4) 𝑡𝑜 ((−2 − 3), ( −4 − 4)) = (−5, − 8)
𝑦 = (𝑥 + 5)2 − 8
𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑥 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑥 𝑡𝑜 (−5, 8) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑎
𝑦 = −(𝑥 + 5)2 + 8
𝑂𝑟
𝑦 = −(𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 25) + 8
𝑦 = −𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 17

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CHI 2019 91028 TEG

𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 ℎ 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 8

𝑥=0
0
ℎ = − (0 − 𝑟) + 2 = 2 𝑚
2
𝑥=8
8
ℎ = − ( ) (8 − 𝑟) + 2 = −4(8 − 𝑟) + 2 = −32 + 4𝑟 + 2 = (4𝑟 − 30 )𝑚
2
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 2 𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (4𝑟 − 30) 𝑚 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑

[Note: the question does not say explicitly that the two pillars are of the same height]
𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 2 𝑚
4𝑟 − 30 = 2
4𝑟 = 32
𝑟=8
𝑥
ℎ = − (𝑥 − 8) + 2
2

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CHI 2019 91028 TEG

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑑 − 𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑
4
ℎ = − (4 − 8) + 2
2
ℎ = −2(−4) + 2 = 10 𝑚
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑠 10 𝑚 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑡𝑠 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡

The original equation of the parabola through vertex (4, 10 ) is

ℎ = 𝑘(𝑥 − 4)2 + 10
It passes through (0, 2) so
2 = 𝑘(0 − 4)2 + 10
2 = 16𝑘 + 10
8 1
𝑘=− =−
16 2
So
1
ℎ = − (𝑥 − 4)2 + 10
2
If the roller coaster were to be steeper and higher but still resting on the two pillars the vertex would have to
be lifted vertically whilst still passing through the two points (0, 2) and (8, 2).
For example, if the vertex were moved from (4, 10) to (4, 10+v), the equation of the parabola would be
ℎ = 𝑘(𝑥 − 4)2 + 10 + 𝑣
Again, passing through (0, 2)
2 = 16𝑘 + 10 + 𝑣
16𝑘 = −8 − 𝑣
−8 − 𝑣 1 𝑣 1 𝑣
𝑘= =− − = − (1 + )
16 2 16 2 8
So, the new equation is
1 𝑣
ℎ = − (1 + ) (𝑥 − 4)2 + 10 + 𝑣
2 8
1
So whilst the 𝑥 value at the vertex remains the same, the ℎ value increases by 𝑣 and the scaling (𝑘 = − 2) is
𝑣
multiplied by a factor of (1 + 8), making it a little bit steeper.

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𝐷𝑎𝑦 (𝑑) 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (𝐴 𝑐𝑚 2 ) 1st Diff 2nd Diff Ratio

0 4

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CHI 2019 91028 TEG

4
1 8 4
8 2
2 16 8
16 2
3 32 16
32 2
4 64 32
64 2
5 128 64
128 2
6 256 128
256
7 512

Ratio of 2nd differences is 2, so 2 is the base of this exponential equation:

𝐴 = 𝑘2𝑑 + 𝑣
If we were to work backwards with the sequence, we would continue to halve the number so it would get
smaller and smaller and therefore closer to 0. This tells us the asymptote of the function is the 𝑥-axis or 𝑦 = 0
So 𝑣 = 0
𝐴 = 𝑘2𝑑
To find 𝑘, Substituting for the first point (0, 4)
4 = 𝑘(20 )
4=𝑘
Equation is
𝐴 = 4 × 2𝑑

(which could also be written as 𝐴 = 2(𝑑+2) )

Assuming that bacteria D increases in size by three times bacteria C’s area (of the day before) and that the
bacteria D starts off day 0 with 4 𝑐𝑚 2.

𝐷𝑎𝑦 (𝑑) 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (𝐴 𝑐𝑚 2 ) 𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (𝐴𝐷 𝑐𝑚2 ) 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 (1 𝑑𝑝)

0 4 4

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CHI 2019 91028 TEG

1 8 4 × 3 = 12 16 4.0
2 16 8 × 3 = 24 40 2.5
3 32 16 × 3 = 48 88 2.2
4 64 32 × 3 = 96 184 2.1
5 128 64 × 3 = 192 376 2.0
6 256 128 × 3 = 384 760 2.0
7 512 256 × 3 = 768 1528 2.0

Assuming that bacteria D increases in size by three times bacteria C’s increase in area and that the bacteria D
starts off day 0 with 4 𝑐𝑚 2.
𝐷𝑎𝑦 (𝑑) 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (𝐴 𝑐𝑚 2 ) 𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (𝐴𝐷 𝑐𝑚2 )
0 4 4
1 8 4 4 × 3 = 12 16
2 16 8 8 × 3 = 24 40
3 32 16 16 × 3 = 48 88
4 64 32 32 × 3 = 96 184
5 128 64 64 × 3 = 192 376
6 256 128 128 × 3 = 384 760
7 512 256 256 × 3 = 768 1528

𝐷𝑎𝑦 (𝑑) 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (𝐴 𝑐𝑚 2 1 𝑑𝑝)

0 4
1 8
2 16
3 32
4 64
5 128
6 256
7 512
8 409.6
9 327.7
10 262.1

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CHI 2019 91028 TEG

11 209.7
12 167.8
New equation for 𝑑 ≥ 8
𝐴 = 512 × (0.8)(𝑑−7) {𝑑 ≥ 8}
Which can be written as:
𝐴 = 512 × (0.8)−7 × (0.8)𝑑
Or
𝐴 = 2441.406 × (0.8)𝑑 {𝑑 ≥ 8}

Over time the area of bacteria C diminishes to zero.

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Equation has gradient = 60 and passes through (8, 250) and (14, 610)
𝑀 = 60𝑤 + 𝑐
Substitute in (8, 250)
250 = 60(8) + 𝑐
250 = 480 + 𝑐
𝑐 = −230
Equation is
𝑀 = 60𝑤 − 230

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Dylan would be working from week 5 to week 14, with 3 weeks out – making a total of 7 weeks at work. To
save $550 he will have to save $78 for 6 of the weeks and $82 for the final week.

𝑊𝑒𝑒𝑘 𝑆𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 𝑎𝑡

𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑘 ($) 𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑘 ($)
0
1
2
3
4
5 78 78
6 78 156
7 156
8 156

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CHI 2019 91028 TEG

9 156
10 78 234
11 78 312
12 78 390
13 78 468
14 82 550

Dylan’s total savings in orange.

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