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Example Example

diagramtdeterminethelet.A.Bbefwosetsproveordisprovef.
Ucng
t l
Venn

owiugistrueorfdselefAIB.CM Pl An B) :P A) npl B) Tme

(b) PIAV B) :P (A) VP(B) False


befhreesef

(a) Aol Bn C) = A 0
1 ) ^ (
3 A 0
C) Fdse Pf 1的
1.5 xc.pl A) np (B)
1.4.5.6
in An ( 13 0 C ) =
1 A ^ B) 01A n C) Tue
XEP (A) andxt Pl B)
AǙBUC ) -
(A 013th 0 C) False
XE Aeand
⼼ XEB
A-IBVCI.CA -13 ) 1 ( A C) True XEAMB
-

(d)
1
1A XEP ( MB )
1
EPIA n B)
y
6
y EAMB
4
n
5 3
andy EB
z
y EA
B C
EPCA ) andg EP (B)
y

y EPIAAP (B)
Cartesian Produot
More on

Iet A -9 John
tetA-la.az , a. …
3 ,
Marg , Mark ,
tisai

ltadenfFNB-hbi.bz , b …
3
beaset À 4

czici.cz , G
… 3 B-) Mdh Phyichemlbeaset
,

of 3 hsés 2,3
laz.ba ) 3
AXB-ilas.ba

1
,

AXB
,

possible
了 ofstadenfs
gives all

and
pairings
→ Ax BXC-sla.tn , Ci ) …
courses

( Ax B) xc-illa.ba ) G) 了 not
Asabsef of AXB
Jassociative

→ ,
,

{ hlbi.cn ) 3 Riil X 1 ) ( X 3 ) 1912 )


(ii)
Bxc )

Axl , , , ,
= , .

1W , 2) lwi 3) 了 describefhe
)
,

(G ( b "
ca.bi.ci ) ⽜ lla.tn ) G) ⽜
'

aretaky
'
→ ,
course thestadenls
1 t

Anofhersubsef of Ax B
ordeved
'

pair

describcthecoursesthestadentscncharingdif iaH.hn
下 了 ( Z.is , cw , 3) 7
Relutiou Det
binargrelationontwosetsDefsAnordere.cl
:
A

BisasubsetofAXBpairotelementswithaspecif.co
b) is a
la Aand
pai

with
rder associated Example
them A-SHencg.Bill.ua rk ,
Joe ,
kevin 了

Example B-iksa.ua g. Rose ,


Barbara 3
B" 咧
lfather sonl
, Ciil
Henrg ,
Lise ) , thR.se ) , l Joe ,

lteacher student )
Example
,

b) ≠ lb , a)
la
11.3.93
,

A.
Sbsag
iaib 了

3
B-b.c.cl
an ) order ntnple

l .cl/l3,d),l9sb)3trn-3la,b.csordertupleisabinargrelationonA
u.az

Rzglhb ) ,

and B
Direcfedgraphdd.ge

Therepresenfation Hbinargrhn (有 向量 )
① Matrix 1 鄰接 矩陣 )
Adjaceng I-o-n.de
kosegerowielemenfinAolhmnielementinBEachn.de
representsanelementindlijegiifli.jitp.CA
Adirecfededgelawwlisdrawnotherwisefromnodeaton.de
V13)

biff la b) ER

Example Def
A =
{ a.b.ci d 了
a 0 X
Abinmgrelation
fumasetAtoAB.sn
0

Birb ,
0

oBissaidtobebinayk-ia.xlilb.rs 1 ( G ^ 1 1

coorrelatiouonsetAcc.ir
B 3 ) ,
d,
2 1
d 0 1

< ③


t.IO
x Br

Eaample
|
aí 1 0 0

01 A -9 1.2.3.41
14.311
d 6 RYIM , ( 1.41.1 2,2 1,1 3.11.13.3 ) 13.41.14 2)
,
Nofe Def
An-argrelationunsetsAi.AZ

la , b) ER a Rb …
Anīs asabset of Aix Azx A 了

An
,

Relationisjustasef.forderExampkpaivs.IS

relationsfrom relation
Riand Rz n -3
ternurg
R.nl?z,RiVRz,R-RzA-SJohn,Marg,BillIRoR2abofrom
A 九 B than

relation fom A
B-) Math chem 了
Phy , ,

to B 3
c-sa.b.c.cl

J.hn/phy,b1lMary,phg,ciInthegradesthestndentsobtainedinthe
12:51 Ihn uafh
,
a) , (

courses
thegtook
speciultypeofbinagr.hn ③
Arelation Ronset A
啦㤛
Ardation
isantisgmmetricifwheneverca.blandatbfhenlb.at
① Ronset Ais 1

E Rfor each a EA XR
īfca ,
a)

A
Example
Exampk
R.su/bjlaisthefather0fb3lacb)ERiftheclassofcourseaandbare
" ""火

schedaled Note

Ardationmaybeneithersymmtricatthesamet.me
horantisymmetic
ArelatiouRonsetAissgmmetricR-YIGibl.la

、 c) ,
lc , a) 1
ERvheneverla.DE
iflb.at R

Examie

R-ila.tn/aandbhavefhesamefather3aq

sob
Abinaryr.hn R

reflexiveistransitireitwheneverla.br
④ on set A

) ER ta EZ

ftp.leof7ca.aERExamplegmmetricR-ilabllaisanancestor
and ( b , C) ERthenla.CI ER
a-a.co

mu

ot 53
ER
Iflai b)
Erobesǒ
a-b-nn-butb-ai.nu

Abinargrelationthafisreflexive.lb.cn ) ER

symmetricandtransitive.is called an
trannsifive
rdafion
equivaknce zfia.by ER , lb.cl ER

Examph ab :
7m

→ R-ila.bila-bisamuttiplc.fi 1 b-c.nu → Rīs an


quivaknce
klafion
- ilaihlla Ebmod 7 3 a.ci 7 lmtnl
1⽉ 餘 ) la.cl ER
Z.R-gcaibl a ndbhnvethesameparentsibufR-ila.tn
laandbhavethesane

parenfi
9
b) ER
xtg

( a.


C Ibí C) ER
gtw
bntla.ci GR
x.ydiwvc.ee
w
diwrce Risnttransitive
g.
→ b Risnotanequivafence
yg relahon

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