Assignment 6

Ans 1. It has three major components:

 Local loop That is the physical connection or circuit that links to the edge of the
common carrier or telephone service provider's network from the demarcation point of
the client premises.
 Trunk line is a circuit linking telephone switchboards which ranges from telephone
switching equipment to individual telephones or information origination/termination
equipment.
 The switching office provides a connection between two subscribers. That It is not a
permanent connection between two subscribers and can be made only upon request.
Ans 2. It is especially important for wireless networks, where alternative CSMA/CD collision
detection is not feasible due to wireless transmitters dispensing their receivers during the
transmission of packets. Owing to the secret node problem, CSMA/CA is unreliable.
Ans 3.

piconet
Shaped by numerous networks connected to
the Bluetooth technology.
Has ability to serve 7 to 8 devices
Smaller area is covered
Allows less efficient use of bandwidth
scatternet
Formed by combining two or more piconets.
Has ability to serve more than 8 devices
Larger area is covered
More use of channel bandwidth

Ans 4. A physical link is used in wired LAN networks for communications between the nodes so
the signal power is not lost to the medium due to the closed medium. The signal enters the
destination with a small power drop, resulting in less attenuation.
Ans5.

Fixed WiMAX Mobile WiMAX

Subscriber station is fixed Station in mobile
Provides data rate of 75mbps Provides data rate of 70mbps
Signal quality is good because the station is Signal quality can be decrease because
fixed station is mobile

Ans 6. A mobile switching centre is the link between a base station and a mobile switching
centre that Coordinates all base stations and correspondence with the telephone central office.
Ans 7.
Ans 8. Transparent switching allows information flows to be transmitted on circuits between
interface ports to a network composed of transparent fixed length switching frames that occur
at a fixed repetition rate given.
Ans 9. Difference in table scanning and table routing:

 A filtering table helps ensure the discarding of unnecessary packets, edge

routers conduct IP source address filtering and avoid unauthorised entry.
 A routing table keeps track of routes and lists established IP addresses and
decides the route to reach the destination by forwarding traffic in sequence. It
stores information for routing.
Ans 10. For the development of interactive work groups, VLANs may be used. Professors
operating on the same project can send broadcast messages to each other in the campus area
without the need to belong to the same group, which can minimise traffic if the IP multicasting
capability has already been used.
Ans 11. There are three steps of a circuit-switched communication system:

 Circuit establishment: setting up dedicated connections between source and

destination
 Data transfer: transmission of data between source and destination
 Circuit disconnect : removing the dedicated links.
Ans12.
a) 94.176.117.21
b) 137.142.208.49
c) 87.132.55.15
Ans 13.
a) 01101110 00001011 00000101 01011000
b) 00001100 01001010 00010000 00010010
c) 11001001 00011000 00101100 00100000
Ans 14.
a) First Address: 14.12.72.1 00001110 00001100 01001000 00000001
Last address: 14.12.72.254 00001110 00001100 01001000 11111110
b) First Address: 200.107.0.1 11001000 01101011 00000000 00000001
Last address: 200.107.63.254 11001000 01101011 00111111 11111110
c) First Address: 70.110.0.1 01000110 01101110 00000000 00000001
Last address: 70.110.255.254 01000110 01101110 11111111 11111110
Ans 15. In a packet-switched network, the types of delays faced are: Propagation delay,
Transmission delay, Queuing delay, Processing delay.
Ans 16: 65536 because there are 16 bits. Therefore, address is 2^16=65536.
Ans17.