+70 Recetas Keto

MUA_C KHJMK
Hsth kadrc hstí prcthjafc pcr fhrho`cs fh mutcr. Hsth kadrc hs sÿkc pmrm usc phrscgmk. Gc sh puhfh
icfa﬍omr, fastraduar, vhgfhr, usmr, oatmr c pmrmermshmr gagjugm pmrth fhk ocgthgafc fh hsth kadrc sag hk
ocgshgtaiahgtc fhk mutcr.
MUA_C FH HPHGOAßG FH TH_\CG_MDAKAFMF
Vhgjm hg ouhgtm quh km agecrimoaÿg ocgthgafm hg hsth fcouihgtc hs sckc pmrm ﬍ghs hfuomtavcs y fh
hgtrhthgaiahgtc.
hgtrhthgaiah gtc. _h `mg rhmkazmfc tcfcs kcs hseuhrzcs pmrm prhshgtmr agecrimoaÿg ocipkhtm, prhoasm,
motumkazmfm y ocg﬍mdkh. Gc sh fhokmrmg ga aipkaomg jmrmgtéms fh gagjòg tapc. Kcs khotcrhs rhocgcohg
rhocgcohg
quh hk mutcr gc pmrtaoapm hg km prhstmoaÿg fh mshscrmiahgtc khjmk, ﬍gmgoahrc, iáfaoc c prcehsacgmk.
Hk ocgthgafc fh hsth kadrc sh `m fhravmfc fh vmrams euhgths.
euhgths. Ocgsukth m ug prcehsacgmk ocg kaohgoam
mgths fh agthgtmr oumkquahr táogaom fhsoratm hg hsth kadrc.
Mugquh hk mutcr `m `ho`c tcfc kc

k c pcsadkh pmrm jmrmgtazmr quh km agecrimoaÿg fh hsth kadrc shm
ocrrhotm hg hk icihgtc fh km pudkaomoaÿg, hk mutcr gc msuih gagjugm rhspcgsmdakafmf mgth oumkquahr
párfafm, fmýc c agthrrupoaÿg omusmfm pcr hrrcrhs u ciasacghs, ym shm quh tmkhs hrrcrhs u ciasacghs
shmg hk rhsuktmfc fh ghjkajhgoam, mooafhgth c oumkquahr ctrm omusm.
Ncst \udkasàgj KKO © 4<4= ∔ Vcfcs kcs fhrho`cs rhshrvmfcs.

VMDKM FH OCGVHGAFC
³Thohtms saipkhs3 _é… ¡\hrc pcfhrcsms! .............. 6
Oÿic shjuar kms rhohtms........................................ 5

<= _ H I M GM
G M = . . . . . .... . . . . . .... . . . . .... . . . . . .... . . . . .... . . . . . .... . . . . 1
Fhsmyugcs ............................................................. ==
....................................... ......................... 40
Ociafms ................................................................
................................................... ... 68
Mocipmýmgthss......................................................
Mocipmýmgth
\cstrhoatc
\cstrhoat .......................................... .......... 8<
c hxtrm ....................................................
<4 _HIMGM 4 .......................................... 8?

Fhsmyugcs ............................................................ 88
....................................... ......................... :<
Ociafms ................................................................
................................................... ... 08
Mocipmýmgthss......................................................
Mocipmýmgth
\cstrhoatc
\cstrhoat .......................................... .......... 00
c hxtrm ....................................................
<? _ H I M GM . . . . . . . .... . . . . .... . . . . . .... . . . 1=
G M ? . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . ..
Fhsmyugcs ............................................................ 1?
....................................... ....................... =<
Ociafms .............................................................. =<00
................................................... .. =4?
Mocipmýmgthss.....................................................
Mocipmýmgth
\cstrhoatc
\cstrhoat .......................................... .........=?<
c hxtrm ...................................................
<6 _HIMGM 6 ......................................... =??
Fhsmyugcs ........................................................... =?8
....................................... ....................... =8<
Ociafms ..............................................................
4

................................................... .. =58
Mocipmýmgths.....................................................
Mocipmýmgths
\cstrhoatc
\cstrhoat .......................................... ......... =:4
c hxtrm ...................................................
<8 _HIMGM 8 ......................................... =:8
Fhsmyugcs ........................................................... =: =:55

....................................... ........................ =0=
Ociafms ...............................................................
................................................... .. =05
Mocipmýmgthss.....................................................
Mocipmýmgth
\cstrhoatc
\cstrhoat .......................................... ......... =01
c hxtrm ...................................................
<5 󰂳O CG @MIDTH FH IÍ_3
?

󰂳THOHVM_ _AI\KH_3 _É… 󰂭\HTC

\CFHTC_M_!
Ocgtrmrac m kc quh pahgsmg iuo`ms phrscgms, fh quh
shjuar ugm fahtm nhtc hs faeéoak, km rhmkafmf hs quh hg hk
fém m fém shjuar ugm fahtm nhtc hs iuy eíoak.
Km imycrém fh kcs pkmtcs ocgtahghg mkjugm omrgh, ocg
mkjòg vhjhtmk
vhjhtmk y ugm duhgm omgtafmf fh jrmsm pmrm
ouipkar ocg kms omkcréms famrams, ¡y pmrm fhbmrth ehkaz y
smtaseho`m!. Gc `my iuo`c iasthrac hg quá ocihr.
ocihr.
Hk imycr
kkhjm fhsmeéc hsfhoumgfc,
hk omgsmgoac ocihr kuhjc fhkcugms
sahiprh s himgms,
shimgms,
iasic.
Ociahgzms ocg ugms 8 rhohtms ocicfég, quh th
hgomgtmg y scg eíoakhs fh prhpmrmr… phrc kuhjc ym gc
kms puhfhs ga vhr.
Hsh ùhvc ocg tcoagc pmsÿ fh shr tu fhsmyugc emvcrat
emvcratc
c
m ugm ociafm agsuksm. Hsm imgthquakkm quh vckvast
vckvasth
hm
faserutmr kuhjc fh mýcs fh thihrkh ym gc kh omidam hk
smdcr m tus ociafms. Q hscs zccfkhs pmsmrcg fh shr km
ihbcr agvhgoaÿg fh km àstcram m ug mocipmýmgth iís.
\CT H_C, \MTM IMGVHGHTVH OCG KM FAHVM NHVC
Q GC MDXTTATVH HG HK AGVHGVC, H_ EXGFMIHGV
E XGFMIHGVMK
MK
VHGHT M IMGC XG JTMG MDMGAOC FH THOHVM_.
Kms rhohtms fh hsth kadrc scg saipkhs,
s aipkhs, sé, phrc tmidaág
pcfhrcsms. \crquh th myufmríg m thghr sahiprh mkjugm
6

rhohtm guhvm,
guhvm, fhkaoacsm y crajagmk pmrm rciphr hsm rutagm
y ocgtagumr ictavmfm ocg km fahtm nhtc.
Mqué th prhshgtc :: fhkaoacsms rhohtms nhtc, phgsmfms
pmrm hk fém m fém. Ocg pcroacghs kaiatmfms y imorcs
ocgtrckmfcs, pmrm quh th shm saipkh prcjrmimr shjòg
km omgtafmf fh phrscgms. Mfhiís, km imycrém sh prhpmrm
hg ihgcs fh ?< iagutcs, pcrquh sá kc faeéoak quh hs
`mohrth ug kujmroatc hg hk fém pmrm ocoagmr.
Kkhgm tu pkmtc sag omrdcàfrmtc ocg hstms fhkaoacsms
rhohtms, phgsmfms pmrm quh furmgth ?< féms shjuafcs gc
prhoashs rhphtar gagjòg pkmtc, ga saquahrm fh fhsmyugc.
M]XÉ OCIAHGRM VX BCTGMFM @MOAM XGM UAFM IÍ_
_MKXFMDKH, GMVXTMK
GMVXTMK Q \KMOHGVHTM.
8

OßIC _HJXAT
_HJXAT KM_
KM_ THOHVM_
THOHVM_
_CDTH HK KADTC
Hg hsth kadrc thyprhshgtc

omrdcàfrmtcs iís fh :8 rhohtms dmbms hg
mktms hg jrmsms.
Kms rhohtms ecrimg pmrth fhk \kmg Vrmgsecrimfcr fh ?<
Féms, pcr kc quh hstíg favafafms hg shimgms. Vmidaág
Vmidaág
mýmfé ugm sudfavasaÿg m tapc fh rhohtm, pmrm quh th shm
iís eíoak hgocgtrmrkms.
Kms rhohtms hstíg favafafms hg fhsmyugcs, ociafms y
mocipmýmgths.
Mfhiís, tcfms kms shimgms mjrhjc ug pcstrhoatc
cpoacgmk pmrm hsh fém fh mgtcbcs jckcscs. Mýmfh
kcs agjrhfahgths fhk pcstrh m tu Kastm \ríotaom fh
_uphrihromfc sa fhshms thghrkc m imgc hg omsc fh
hihrjhgoam.
Vh rhociahgfc thghr hsth kadrc aiprhsc c fhsomrjmfc
hg tu ohkukmr,
ohkukmr, ociputmfcrm c tmdkht pmrm sahiprh thghr
moohsc m kms rhohtms.
_CDTH KM_ \CTOACGH_
\mrm emoakatmr tu vafm, kms pcroacghs y kcs imorcs fh kms
rhohtms fh hsth kadrc hstíg ocgtrckmfms Vcfms
Vcfms hstíg
phgsmfms pmrm = phrscgm, msé quh sa scg iís, gc ckvafhs
iuktapkaomr km omgtafmf fh omfm agjrhfahgth pcr hk

5

gòihrc fh phrscgms.
Kms pcroacghs y kcs imorcs famracs hstíg phgsmfcs pmrm
ugm iubhr imycr m ?8 mýcs, shfhgtmram c quh rhmkazm
motavafmf kajhrm. Msé quh hsms scg kms omkcréms iégaims
quh fhdhréms ocgsuiar.
\cr hkkc, mqué ug ocihgtmrac aipcrtmgth2
Kkhgm tu pmgzm sag iahfc m km dmkmgzm. ]uahrc quh
ocims `mstm quhfmr smtaseho`m c smtaseho`c. Ociprm
imycr omgtafmf sa sahgths quh kms pcroacghs scg iuy
oàoms.
Vcfcs kcs fhsmyugcs ragfhg = pcroaÿg, `my mkjugcs
quh prhoasmg ugm gco`h hg rhpcsc, pcr kc quh th
rhociahgfc khhr kcs ocgshbcs fhk fém hg hk \kmg
Vrmgsecrimfcr fh ?< Féms.
Kms ociafms y kcs mocipmýmgths ragfhg 4 pcroacghs,

hxohptc
hxoh ptc km praihrm y km òktaim rhohtm, pmrm quh puhfms
mkicrzmr mk fém sajuahgth kms scdrms fh km ohgm y th
m`crrhs tahipc hg km ocoagm.
_CDTH KM AGECTIMOAßG GXVTAOACGMK
Hg km fahtm nhtc hk ocgtrck fh kcs imorcs hs aipcrtmgth.
\cr hsc, omfm rhohtm tahgh km agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk
pcr pcroaÿg fh kcs imorcs pragoapmkhs2 omkcréms, jrmsms,
prcthégms, omrdcàfrmtcs tctmkhs y omrdcàfrmtcs ghtcs.
Thouhrfm quh kcs omrdcàfrmtcs tctmkhs agokuyhg km ﬍drm
:

(quh pcr kc jhghrmk gc hs prcohsmfm pcr hk ouhrpc).

Kcs hgfukzmgths tmipcoc euhrcg ocgsafhrmfcs ocic
omrdcàfrmtcs pcr gc shr prcohsmfcs pcr hk ouhrpc.
Vcfm km agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk sh omkoukÿ utakazmgfc km
omkoukmfcrm fh imorcs fh vhrywhkk﬍t.oci,
vhrywhkk﬍t.oci, quh utakazm km
dmsh fh fmtcs X_FM. Ih hseuhrzc pcr shr kc iís prhoasm
pcsadkh, phrc hstcs gòihrcs scg vmkcrhs
vmkcrhs mprcxaimfcs
y puhfhg vmramr fh prcfuotc hg prcfuotc. _a fhshms
`mohr ug shjuaiahgtc iís prhoasc fh tus imorcs,
th rhociahgfc fhsomrjmr mkjugm mpp y omkoukmr tus
prcpacs imorcs.
󰂳]XAHTH_ MOHKHTMT VX_ TH_XK

TH_XKV
VMFC_3
\mrm quahghs hstág dusomgfc phrfhr phsc, rhociahgfc
khhr km Juém fhk Myugc Agthriathgth mgths fh ocihgzmr.
Hk myugc agthriathgth th myufmrí m ocgtrckmr kcs `crmracs
fh tus ociafms y msé kcjrmrms mohkhrmr tus rhsuktmfcs fh
quhim fh jrmsm.
Km ihbcr pmrth hs quh gc thgfrís quh kaiatmr ouígtc
ocihs sagc ouígfc ocihs.
Khh km juém pmrm fhsoudrar fcs ecrims faehrhgths fh
agokuar hstm pcfhrcsm táogaom hg tu fém m fém.
0

H I M G M
_
FH_MQXGC_
=
Mjumomth rhkkhgc =?
Bujc vhrfh fhtcx =8
@uhvcs hg tmzm =:
Dufég fh o`ém =1
Iue﬍gs fh ùhvc 4=
Mrrckkmfc fh khoùjm 4?
Omeá dcidm 48
_mgfwao` fh ùhv c 4:
` uhvc
OCIAFM_
Vmocs fh khoùjm ?<
Orhim fh smkiÿg y hspagmoms ?4
Oàka fh omrgh ?6

H I M G M
_
Omghkcghs fh hspagmoms ?5
=
\ago`cs fh ohrfc ?0
cs fh dhrhgbhgm 6<
Tckkatcs
Tckkat
Rccfkhs ocg omimrcghs 64

Hstcemfc fh pckkc y ockafflcr 66
MOCI\MÝMGVH_
@cgjcs mk mbakkc 6:
Hgsmkmfm omhsmr 61
\C_VTHOAVC HPVTM
Icussh fh imgé 84

FH_MQXGC_
_HIMGM
_HIM GM =

=4

MJXMOMVH THKKHGC
TAGFH VAHI\C FH \TH\. VAHI\C VCVMK
= \CTOAßG ? IAGXVC_ =< IAGXVC_
AGJTHFAHGVH_ \TH\MTMOAßG
󰀽⁆󰀴 mjumomth jrmgfh = \rhomkhgtmr hk `crgc m 4<<¼O.
= ùhvc
_mk y paiahgtm m justc 4 Ocrtm ug mjumomth pcr km iatmf y rhtarm hk omrczc.
_a hk `ckkc hs iuy phquhýc, rhtarm ug pcoc fh
pukpm. Tciph ug ùhvc hg hk ohgtrc fh ugm iatmf y
VA\2 ¡Thshrvm km ctrm iatmf smkpaiahgtm m justc.
pmrm hk mkiuhrzc! Km ihbcr
ecrim fh ocgshrvmr hs
rcoamgfc kaiÿg y fhbmgfc hg ? Ockcom hk mjumomth hg ugm dmgfhbm pmrm `crgc y kkhvm
mk `crgc pcr : iagutcs c `mstm quh hk ùhvc hstá mk
km ghvhrm hg ug rhoapahgth
`hriátaoc. pugtc fhshmfc fh ocooaÿg.
6 ¡_arvh y faserutm ocg ug raoc omeá!

Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 450 nomk | 46 j fh
jrmsm | :,8 j fh prcthégm | 1 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 4,? j fh
omrd. ghtcs
=?

=6

BXJC UHTFH FHVC

FHVCP
P
= \CTOAßG 8 IAGXVC_ =< IAGXVC_
= tmzm fh kho`h fh
mkihgfrms (sag mzòomr), erém
= Kmvm dahg kms hspagmoms, kms `cbms fh ihgtm y hk phpagc.
Ocrtm hk phpagc y hk mjumomth hg oudatcs y hk bhgjadrh
?< j fh `cbms erhsoms fh hg kíiagms ﬍gms.
hspagmom
?< j fh phpagc 4 Agocrpcrm tcfcs kcs agjrhfahgths m ugm kaoumfcrm,
bujuhrm c prcohsmfcrm
prcohsmfcrm fh mkaihgtcs.
mkaihgtcs. \rcohsm pcr ugcs
󰀽⁆󰀴 mjumomth, imfurc
iagutcs `mstm kcjrmr ugm ocgsasthgoam orhicsm.
4 ouo`mrmfms fh ihgtm
erhsom (cpoacgmk) _a hk bujc hstí iuy hsphsc, mýmfh pahfrms fh àhkc c
4 ouo`mrmfms fh bhgjadrh ? mjum `hkmfm y prcohsm pcr ugcs shjugfcs iís.
erhsoc (c 󰀽⁆󰀴
󰀽⁆󰀴 ouo`mrmfatm fh
bhgjadrh hg pckvc)
pckvc) Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 4:4 nomk | 44,1 j fh
= scdrhoatc fh sthvam jrmsm | 6,: j fh prcthégm | =5,? j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 5,: j fh
omrd. ghtcs
VA\2 ³Guhvm hg hk iugfc
fh kcs bujcs smkufmdkhs3
Fhsoudrh hsth fhkaoacsc
bujc fhtcx, rhpkhtc fh
gutrahgths y quh th fhbmrí
smtaseho`m pcr hk rhstc fh km
imýmgm.
=8

=5

@XHUC_
@X HUC_ HG V
VMRM
MRM
= \CTOAßG ? IAGXVC_ 8 IAGXVC_
4 ùhvcs = Tcoém ug tmzÿg jrmgfh mptc pmrm iaorccgfms ocg
= ouo`mrmfm fh orhim fh mohath fh ckavm y mjrhjm kcs ùhvcs, orhim fh kho`h y
kho`h⁆gmtm icrrÿg. _mkpaiahgtm m justc.
=< j fh paiahgtc icrrÿg rcbc,
paomfc hg oumfrmfatcs 4 Thvuhkvh iuy dahg ocg ug thghfcr.
= ouo`mrmfm fh quhsc
pmrihsmgc rmkkmfc (shoc) ? Kkhvm mk iaorccgfms pcr 5< shjugfcs. Ocoagm fh m
agthrvmkcs fh =< shjugfcs `mstm quh kcs ùhvcs hstág
8< j fh ròoukm, pmrm shrvar
= pazom fh paihgtÿg, pmrm ocipkhtmihgth ocoafcs.
ocipkhtmihgth
fhocrmr 6 Tcoém ocg hk quhsc y hk paihgtÿg y sarvh bugtc m ug
puýmfc fh ròoukm erhsom.
VA\2 Mýmfh ug hxtrm fh oàkh
paomgth pmrm ocihgzmr hk fém 8 ¡Faserutm bugtc m ug raoc tá vhrfh!
ocg tcfm km hghrjém.
Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 48= nomk | =0 j fh
jrmsm | =5,5 j fh prcthégm | 4,4 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 4 j fh
omrd. ghtcs
=:

=0

DXFÉG FH O@ÉM
= \CTOAßG 8 IAGXVC_ ? @CTM_ + 8 IAG
󰀽⁆󰀴 tmzm fh kho`h fh
mkihgfrms (sag mzòomr)
= Mýmfh km o`ém, hk sthvam y km hshgoam fh vmagakkm m km tmzm
fh kho`h fh mkihgfrms.
4 ouo`mrmfms fh shiakkms
fh o`ém 4 Dmth ocg ug thghfcr `mstm quh quhfh dahg ihzokmfc.
5< j fh ermiduhsms Fhbm rhpcsmr pcr 8 iagutcs y vuhkvh m ihzokmr. Oudrh
(erhsoms c ocgjhkmfms) km tmzm ocg ug pmphk ﬍ki (pkístaoc).
= scdrhoatc fh sthvam
= o`crratc fh hshgoam fh
? Thshrvm hg km ghvhrm⁆rherajhrmfcr
ghvhrm⁆rherajhrmfcr pcr ? `crms c `mstm
vmagakkm quh km o`ém mdscrdm km kho`h fh mkihgfrms.
VA\2 ³Gc th justm km kho`h

6 \rcohsm km iatmf fh kms ermiduhsms y ockcom scdrh hk
dufég. Fhocrm ocg hk rhstmgth fh kms ermiduhsms.
fh mkihgfrms3 \ruhdm
hgtcgohs ocg kho`h fh
ococ, quhfm raquésaic! 8 ¡Faserutm!
Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 =8= nomk | 0,? j fh
jrmsm | 6,5 j fh prcthégm | =5,0 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 8,6 j fh
omrd. ghtcs
=1

4<

IXEEAG_ FH @XHUC
= \CTOAßG 8 IAGXVC_ 4< IAGXVC_
4 ùhvcs = \rhomkhgtmr hk `crgc m =0<¼O.
󰀽⁆󰀴 paiahgtc icrrÿg vhrfh,
ocrtmfc hg oumfrmfatcs 4 Hg ug dck phquhýc, dmth kcs ùhvcs, bugtc ocg hk
?< j fh quhsc pmrihsmgc, paihgtc icrrÿg, km oadcukhtth y hk quhsc pmrihsmgc.
rmkkmfc shoc _mkpaiahgtm m justc.
󰀽⁆󰀴 ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh
ckavm (+ pmrm kcs ickfhs) ? Tcoém ug ickfh pmrm iue﬍g (c oumkquahr ickfh pmrm
`crgc) ocg mohath fh ckavm. Uahrth
Uahrth hk ùhvc dmtafc hg
_mk y paiahgtm m justc
8< j fh `cbms vhrfhs, pmrm kcs pcoakkcs fhk ickfh, oudrahgfc `mstm 󰀴⁆󰀿.
mocipmýmr 6 Kkhvm hk ickfh mk `crgc pcr =8 iagutcs c `mstm fcrmr km
VA\2 @mz mkjugms pcroacghs suphr﬍oah.
hxtrm y jumrfm hg ug
rhoapahgth ohrrmfc hg tu 8 ¡_arvh bugtc m ug puýmfc fh `cbms vhrfhs y ocgfaihgtm
ghvhrm.. _cg jhgamkhs ocic
ghvhrm ocg 󰀽⁆􀀴 ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh ckavm!
sgmon fh km tmrfh c ugm
cpoaÿg kavamgm fh mkiuhrzc. Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 ?00 nomk | ?=,4 j fh
jrmsm | 4?,8 j fh prcthégm | 8,5 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 6,0 j fh
omrd. ghtcs
4=

44

MTTCKKMFC FH KHO@XJM
= \CTOAßG 8 IAGXVC_ 0 IAGXVC_
6 `cbms jrmgfhs fh khoùjm,
kmvmfms y shomfms
= Hg ugm smrtág m euhjc ihfac ocg = ouo`mrmfatm fh
imgthquakkm, eréh hk ùhvc pcr 4 iagutcs.
4 kcgo`ms fh bmiÿg ocoafc
gmturmk 4 _cdrh ug pmphk imgthom⁆phrjmiagc, ockcom kms 6 `cbms
󰀽⁆󰀶 fh mjumomth fh khoùjm, suphrpuhstms hgtrh sé.
= ùhvc
? Xgtm km imycghsm scdrh km suphr﬍oah y mjrhjm hk
4 rcfmbms fh tcimth bmiÿg, hk tcimth,
tcimth, hk mjumomth
mjumomth y hk ùhvc.
ùhvc.
󰀽⁆󰀴
(sagouo`mrmfm fh imycghsm
omrds) 6 Uh mrrckkmgfc kms `cbms, kc iís mprhtmfms pcsadkh,
= ouo`mrmfatm fh imgthquakkm usmgfc hk pmphk imgthom ocic juém. Vhriagm
hgvckvahgfc
hgvckvahgfc tcfc hk mrrckkmfc ocg hk pmphk.
VA\2 Kms cpoacghs fh rhkkhgc
gc tahgh kéiaths. ³Ia emvcratc3 8 ¡Ocrtm mk ohgtrc y faserutm ocg ug fhkaoacsc omeá!
Thkkhgc fh mtòg, imycghsm y
ùhvc furc paomfc. Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 ?66 nomk | 4:,1 j fh
jrmsm | =5,4 j fh prcthégm | 0,5 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 6 j fh
omrd. ghtcs
4?

46

OMEÁ DCIDM
= tmzm fh omeá ghjrc,
omkahgth y sag hgfukzmr
= Ockcom tcfcs kcs agjrhfahgths hg ugm dmtafcrm fh omeá
c kaoumfcrm y puksm `mstm quh quhfh hspuicsc (c usm
󰀽⁆󰀴 tmzm fh kho`h fh ug vmpcrazmfcr pmrm km kho`h fh mkihgfrms).
mkihgfrms, omkahgth
= ouo`mrmfatm fh mohath fh 4 Ctrm cpoaÿg hs ockcomr tcfc hg ug tmzÿg jrmgfh y
ococ (c, ihbcr, mohath IOV) ihzokmr dahg ocg ugm ouo`mrm.
= ouo`mrmfatm fh
imgthquakkm ? ¡Faserutm dahg omkahgth bugtc m ug smgfwao` fh ùhvc!
Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 18 nomk | =<,= j fh
VA\2 ³]uahrhs iís cpoacghs
jrmsm | <,0 j fh prcthégm | = j fh omrd. tctmkhs | <,8 j fh
pmrm hgfukzmr3 Mýmfh 󰀽⁆󰀶 fh
ouo`mrmfatm fh omghkm c omrd. ghtcs
omomc hg pckvc y hgfukzm
ocg sthvam.
48

45

_MGFZAO@ FH @XHUC
\MG FH @XHUC = Ockcom omfm ùhvc hg ug ickfh rhfcgfc pmrm
4 ùhvcs iaorccgfms. Mýmfh hg omfm ickfh = ouo`mrmfm fh
4 ouo`mrmfms fh quhsc
pmrihsmgc rmkkmfc y smkpaiahgtm. Dmth dahg. Hg ugc
pmrihsmgc, rmkkmfc shoc fh kcs ickfhs hspckvcrhm shiakkms fh sásmic y kagc
(cpoacgmk).
_hiakkms fh kagc y sásmic,
pmrm fhocrmr
4 Kkhvm ugc fh kcs ickfhs mk iaorccgfms pcr 5<
shjugfcs. _a mk ùhvc tcfmvém kh emktm ocohr, kkhvm fh
THKKHGC mickfh.
agthrvmkcs fh 4< shjugfcs. Thpath ocg hk shjugfc
4 rcfmbms fh tcimth
4 rcfmbms fh ohdckkm
ockcrmfm ? Fhbm hgeramr pcr = iagutc y fhsickfm. Xgtm ocg
imycghsm y rhkkhgm ocg hk tcimth, km hspagmom y hk
= puýmfc (: j) fh hspagmoms quhsc.
erhsoms
= kcgo`m fh quhsc 6 ¡_arvh y faserutm bugtc m ug omeá dcidm!
= ouo`mrmfm fh imycghsm
(sag omrdcs) Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 68: nomk | ?8,0 j fh
jrmsm | 41,1 j fh prcthégm | 8,? j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 6,6 j fh
omrd. ghtcs
VA\ 2 ³Gc th
hk ùhvc hgjustm ocoagmr
hk iaorccgfms3
Dmth omfm ùhvc scdrh
ugm tmpm jrmgfh ermsoc.
Hspckvcrhm hk pmrihsmgc.
Ocoagm hk ùhvc ockcomgfc
kms tmpms hg ugm smtág ocg
ugm ouo`mrmfm fh mjum.
4:

OCIAFM_
_HIMGM
_HIM GM =

41

VMOC_ FH KHO@XJM
=<< j fh phoùjm fh pckkc,
ocrtmfm hg oudcs phquhýcs
= Kkhvm ugm smrtág m euhjc ihfac y ocoagm hk tcoagc fh
midcs kmfcs `mstm fcrmr
fcrmr.. Thtarm fhk euhjc y rhshrvm
= ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh scdrh ug pmphk fh ocoagm.
ckavm
4 `cbms jrmgfhs fh khoùjm 4 Hg km iasim smrtág, ockcom hk pckkc y ocoagm pcr 8
aohdhrj iagutcs fh omfm kmfc.
= tarm fh tcoagc
󰀽⁆󰀴 mjumomth
? Ocrtm hg oudatcs hk mjumomth, tcimth,
tcimth, tcoagc y km
󰀽⁆󰀴 tcimth phquhýc c phratm ohdckkm.

mohath fhKkhvm
Kkhvm tcfc
ckavm bugtc mk pckkc
y smkpaiahgtm m ug Ihzokm
m justc. dck, mýmfh
dahg.
󰀽⁆󰀶 ohdckkm icrmfm phquhým
_mk y paiahgtm m justc 6 Ockcom fcs `cbms jrmgfhs fh khoùjm hg ug pkmtc y
favafh km ihzokm fh pckkc.
VA\2 ¡Mocipmým hstcs tmocs 8 ¡Faserutm!

ocg ugm imycghsm fh
oakmgtrc! \rcohsm = ouo`mrmfm Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 8?8 nomk | 64,6 j fh
fh imycghsm, ug puýmfc
fh oakmgtrc erhsoc y ugm jrmsm | 41,4 j fh prcthégm | =4,4 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 6,: j fh
ouo`mrmfatm fh kaiÿg. omrd. ghtcs
?<

?=

OTHIM FH _MKIßG
Q H_\AGMOM_
4 \CTOACGH_ =< IAGXVC_ ?< IAGXVC_
4 ﬍khths fh smkiÿg (=8< j
omfm ugc)
= Kkhvm ugm smrtág m euhjc ihfac y omkahgtm ugm
ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh ckavm. Ocoagm hk smkiÿg
4 fahgths fh mbc, paomfcs fh midcs kmfcs `mstm fcrmr km suphr﬍oah
s uphr﬍oah (puhfhs
﬍gatc ocgtagumr ocoagmgfc m euhjc dmbc sa kc quahrhs dahg
= tmzm fh hspagmom erhsom ocoafc).
4 ouo`mrmfms (48 j) fh Uahrth km orhim hg km smrtág, bugtc ocg hk mbc, hk

mohatugms 4 crájmgc y smkpaiahgtm m justc. Ocoagm pcr 8 iaguatcs
󰀽⁆󰀴 tmzm fh orhim fh kho`h
c `mstm hsphsmr km orhim. Ho`m km hspagmom y kms
= ouo`mrmfatm fh crájmgc mohatugms y ocoagm pcr 4 iagutcs iís.
= ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh
ckavm ? \cr iahgtrms, kkhvm hk mrrcz fh ockafflcr (ockafflcr paomfc
= ouo`mrmfm fh mjum ﬍gatc) m ugm ckkm m euhjc dmbc ocg = ouo`mrmfm fh
mohath fh ckavm y = ouo`mrmfm fh mjum. Fhbm ocoagmr
pcr 8 iagutcs, rhvckvahgfc comsacgmkihgth pmrm gc
MTTCR FH OCKAEKCT quhimr. Ockcom smk m justc.
4<< j fh ockafflcr paomfc ﬍gc
= ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh _arvh hk smkiÿg ocg hk mrrcz y fhocrm ocg ug pcoc fh
6 ohdckkm
ckavm fh vhrfhc y paihgtÿg (cpoacgmk).
_mk m justc
8 ¡Faserutm!
VA\2 _a gc hrhs emg fh kms Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 6:<
6:< nomk | ?8,5 j fh
mohatugms, rhhipkízmkms pcr jrmsm | ?4,1 j fh prcthégm | 1,4 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 8,6 j fh
o`mipajgcghs c mkompmrrms. omrd. ghtcs
Vmidaág, hk nmkh c km mohkjm
scg duhgcs sustatutcs fh km
hspagmom.
?4

??

O@AKA FH OMTGH
4 \CTOACGH_ =8 IAGXVC_ ?8 IAGXVC_
4<< j fh omrgh ickafm (=8%
jrmsm)
= Hg ugm smrtág jrmgfh, omkahgtm hk mohath fh ckavm m
euhjc ihfac. Mjrhjm
Mjrhjm km ohdckkm, hk mbc y kcs paiahgtcs
=<< j fh smksm fh tcimth y smkthm pcr ? iagutcs c `mstm quh ociahgoh m
󰀽⁆󰀶 oudatc fh omkfc fh omrgh fcrmrsh.
4 ouo`mrmfms fh mohath fh
ckavm 4 Mjrhjm km omrgh ickafm y smzcgm ocg smk y paiahgtm.
Ocoagm `mstm quh ociahgoh m fcrmrsh, rhvckvahgfc fh
󰀽⁆󰀴 ohdckkm phquhým, vhz hg oumgfc (8 iagutcs). Mjrhjm hk oàkh y hk ociagc
ocrtmfm hg oudatcs
= fahgth fh mbc paomfc y ihzokm dahg.
= paiahgtc vhrfh phquhýc, ? Mjrhjm km smksm fh tcimth y hk oudatc fh omrgh. Ocoagm
ocrtmfc hg oudatcs pcr =< iagutcs c `mstm tcimr km ocgsasthgoam fhshmfm.
4 ouo`mrmfatms fh smksm fh
oàkh (mbustmr m justc) 6 _arvh hk oàka hg ug dck ocg quhsc orhim y quhsc
pmrihsmgc. Fhocrm ocg rcfmbms fh kaiÿg y bmkmphýc.
= ouo`mrmfatm fh ociagc
ickafc
8 ¡_arvh bugtc m kcs `cgjcs mk mbakkc y faserutm!
orhim c orhim mjram Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 648 nomk | ?4,4 j fh
_mk y paiahgtm m justc jrmsm | 4:,: j fh prcthégm | 0,4 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 5,? j fh
Kaiÿg y bmkmphýc pmrm omrd. ghtcs
shrvar
VA\2 ³]uahrhs fmrkh ug smdcr

hsphoamk mk oàka3 Mýmfh
= ouo`mrmfm fh omeá mk
prhpmrmrkc.
?6

?8

OMGHKCGH_ FH
H_\AGMOM_
4 \CTOACGH_ 8 IAGXVC_ 68 IAGXVC_
5 ùhvcs = Hg ug dck jrmgfh, dmth kcs ùhvcs bugtc ocg hk mjum y
4<< j fh hspagmoms erhsoms, ocgfaihgtm ocg paihgtÿg, smk y paiahgtm.
kmvmfms
5< j fh quhsc orhim 4 Hg ugm smrtág ihfamgm m euhjc ihfac, omkahgtm ugm
ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh ckavm. Mýmfh 󰀽⁆󰀶 fh km ihzokm
fhk ùhvc y ocoagm pcr 6 iagutcs c `mstm oumbmr. Uckthm
pmrihsmgc, rmkkmfc y ocoagm pcr 4 iagutcs iís y rhshrvm hg ug pkmtc.
4 ouo`mrmfms fh mjum Thpath `mstm `mohr 6 pmgquhquhs.
ckavm ? Fastraduyh hk quhsc orhim y kms `cbms fh hspagmom hg
\aihgtÿg, smk y paiahgtm m kcs 6 pmgquhquhs y hgrckkm kc iís mprhtmfc pcsadkh.
justc
MOCI\MÝMGVH 6 Ockcom kcs pmgquhquhs hg ugm dmgfhbm pmrm `crgc,
hspckvcrhm hk quhsc pmrihsmgc y kkhvm mk `crgc m
4<< j fh buféms⁆`mdaoùhkms 4<<²O pcr =8 iagutcs. Cpoaÿg rípafm2 kkávmkcs m ugm
vhrfhs, ocgjhkmfms
smrtág tmpmfm y ocoagm m euhjc ihfac pcr 8 iagutcs.
ckavm \cr iahgtrms, omkahgtm ctrm smrtág m euhjc ihfac ocg =

Mbé shoc, smk y paiahgtm m 8 ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh ckavm. Mýmfh kms buféms vhrfhs y
justc ocoagm `mstm fhsocgjhkmr
fhsocgjhkmr.. _mkpaiahgtm m justc.
VA\2 ³]uá tmk mýmfar =<< j 5 _arvh kcs omghkcghs, bugtc ocg kms buféms vhrfhs
vhrfhs y
fh smksm fh tcimth mgths fh hspckvcrhm mbé shoc pmrm fhocrmr.
kkhvmr mk `crgc3
Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 8=: nomk | 6=,6 j fh
jrmsm | 40,8 j fh prcthégm | =?,6 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | :,5 j fh
omrd. ghtcs
?5

?:

\AGO@C_ FH OHTFC
4 \CTOACGH_ 0 IAGXVC_ 4< IAGXVC_
48< j fh phrgak fh ohrfc, hg
oumfrmfcs jrmgfhs
= Hg ug dck jrmgfh, mjrhjm kcs oumfrmfcs fh phrgak,
fh icrrÿg rcbc y fh icrrÿg mimrakkc. Ocgfaihgtm
󰀽⁆󰀴 paiahgtc icrrÿg rcbc, hg ocg mohath fh ckavm, paihgtÿg, phrhbak, bujc fh kaiÿg,
oumfrmfcs jrmgfhs paiahgtm omyhgm (cpoacgmk) y smkpaiahgtm m justc.
󰀽⁆󰀴 paiahgtc icrrÿg
mimrakkc, hg oumfrmfcs 4 Ihzokm dahg ocg kms imgcs pmrm oudrar pcr ocipkhtc km
jrmgfhs omrgh y kcs paiahgtcs ocg hk ocgfaihgtc.
= ouo`mrmfatm fh paihgtÿg
= ouo`mrmfm fh phrhbak Thicbm
? sh hg mjum
phjuh). Mrim 6kcs
drco`htms fh imfhrm
pago`cs ocg (pmrm
km ihzokm, quh gc
mkthrgmgfc
erhsoc, paomfc
km omrgh y kcs paiahgtcs.
= ouo`mrmfm fh bujc fh
kaiÿg
6 Omkahgtm ug jrakk c ugm pkmgo`m y ocoagm kcs pago`cs,
= ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh pcr ? iagutcs fh omfm kmfc c `mstm fcrmr kms oumtrc
ckavm suphr﬍oahs.
= pazom paiahgtm omyhgm
(cpoacgmk) 8 ¡_arvh mocipmýmfc fh hgsmkmfm omhsmr y faserutm!
Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 45< nomk | ==,: j fh
jrmsm | ??,8 j fh prcthégm | 6,5 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | ?,4 j fh
VA\2 _a gc tahghs pmkcs fh omrd. ghtcs
drco`htms, tmidaág puhfhs
mrimr iaga pago`cs ocg
hsomrdmfahgths⁆pmkakkcs c
saipkhihgth ocoagmr hg ugm
smrtág.
?0

?1

TCKKAVC_ FH DHTHGBHGM
= dhrhgbhgm jrmgfh,
ocrtmfm hg kíiagms ﬍gms
= \rhomkhgtmr hk `crgc m 4<<¼O.
(fhdhrémg smkar 5 kíiagms)
4 _mzcgm kms kíiagms fh dhrhgbhgm ocg ug pcoc fh smk y
48< j fh omrgh ickafm (=8% fhbm frhgmr pcr ugcs =< iagutcs. \msm pmphk fh ocoagm
jrmsm) pmrm shomr kms dhrhgbhgms y rhshrvm.
= ùhvc
4 fahgths fh mbc, paomfcs ? Hg ug dck ihfamgc, mýmfh km omrgh ickafm, hk ùhvc y
﬍gatc hk mbc paomfc. _mkpaihgtm m justc. Ecrim 5 mkdÿgfajms
4 ouo`mrmfms fh mohath fh youo`mrmfm
fcrm hg ugm
fh smrtág m euhjc
mohath fh ckavm,ihfac, ocg ugm
pcr 8 iagutcs.
ckavm
5< j fh smksm fh tcimth
6 Ocg ouafmfc pmrm gc quhimrth, hgvuhkvh
hgvuhkvh kms
4 ouo`mrmfms fh quhsc mkdÿgfajms ocg kms kíiagms fh dhrhgbhgm y ockcom hg
pmrihsmgc, rmkkmfc ugm dmgfhbm mktm mptm pmrm `crgcs.
8 Ihzokm km smksm fh tcimth ocg = ouo`mrmfm fh mohath
VA\2 ³]uahrhs ugm vhrsaÿg fh ckavm. Oudrh kcs rckkcs ocg km smksm fh tcimth y hk
iís saipkh tcfmvém3 @ms pmrihsmgc rmkkmfc y kkhvm mk `crgc pcr =< iagutcs c
pazzm fh dhrhgbhgm hg vhz `mstm fhrrhtar hk quhsc.
fh
kms rckkcs.
kíiagms\mrm hkkc, ockcomhg
fh dhrhgbhgm 5 ¡_arvh y faserutm!
ugm dmgfhbm y oudrh ocg hk
rhkkhgc. Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 8=8 nomk | ?6,8 j fh
jrmsm | ?5,: j fh prcthégm | =5,0 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 0.4 j fh
omrd. ghtcs
6<

6=

RCCFKH_ OCG
OMIMTCGH_ 󰀠JMIDM_󰀡
4 \CTOACGH_ =< IAGXVC_ 4< IAGXVC_
=4 omimrcghs ihfamgcs
ocoafcs (=4< j)
= Hg ug ockmfcr, ockcom kcs ﬍fhcs fh zuooàga y mýmfh
ugm ouo`mrmfatm fh smk. Ihzokm dahg y fhbm sufmgfc
?<< j fh ﬍fhcs fh zuooàga pcr 8 iagutcs.
(? zuooàgas phquhýcs)
4 ouo`mrmfms fh 4 Kmvm y hsourrh dahg kcs zuooàgas ocg mjum ocrrahgth.
imgthquakkm Hg ugm smrtág m euhjc dmbc, fhrrath = ouo`mrmfm fh
= ouo`mrmfm fh phrhbak imgthquakkm. Mýmfh kcs zuooàgas y fhbm ocoagmgfc,
erhsoc, paomfc rhvckvahgfc
rhvckvahgfc comsacgmkihgth, pcr 8 iagutcs.
4 fahgths fh mbc, paomfcs
? Iahgtrms, ockcom ctrm smrtág jrmgfh m euhjc dmbc y
= ouo`mrmfatm fh bujc fh fhrrath ctrm ouo`mrmfm fh imgthquakkm. Eréh hk mbc pcr =
kaiÿg iagutc y mýmfh kcs omimrcghs. Ocoagm pcr 4 iagutcs.
_mk, paiahgtm y paihgtÿg m
justc 6 Mýmfh hk zuooàga m km smrtág fh kcs omimrcghs y
ihzokm dahg. Ocgfaihgtm ocg bujc fh kaiÿg, phrhbak,
VA\2 \mrm `mohr kcs ﬍fhcs fh smk, paiahgtm y paihgtÿg. Uuhkvh m ihzokmr, ocrrajh hk
zuooàga, c zccfkhs, puhfhs ocgfaihgtc y mpmjm hk euhjc.
usmr ug hsparakazmfcr c ug
phkmpmpms. 8 ¡Favafh hg fcs dcks y faserutm!
Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 =0< nomk | ==,1 j fh
jrmsm | =?,8 j fh prcthégm | :,? j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 8,8 j fh
omrd. ghtcs
64

6?

H_VCEMFC FH \CKKC
Q OCKAEKCT
4<< j fh phoùjm fh
pckkc, hg oudcs
= Hg ugm smrtág m euhjc ihfac, omkahgtm ugm ouo`mrmfm
fh mohath fh ckavm. Mýmfh kcs oumfrmfcs fh pckkc y
=48 j fh o`mipajgcghs c smzcgm m justc ocg smk, paiahgtm y paihgtÿg. Ocoagm
pcrtcdhkkcs, ocrtmfcs `mstm fcrmr hk pckkc pcr =< iagutcs.
󰀽⁆󰀴 tmzm fh orhim fh
kho`h⁆gmtm 4 \cr iahgtrms, omkahgtm ugm ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh
󰀽⁆󰀴 tmzm + = ouo`mrmfm fh ckavm m euhjc ihfac. Mjrhjm km ohdckkm fh vhrfhc y
mjum ocoagm pcr 4 iagutcs. Mýmfh ugm ouo`mrmfm fh mjum y
hk mrrcz fh ockafflcr y ocoagm pcr 8 iagutcs c `mstm quh
4 ouo`mrmfms fh mohath
fh ckavm quhfh tahrgm, rhvckvahgfc pmrm gc quhimr. Thshrvm.
4 ouo`mrmfms fh phrhbak
erhsoc, paomfc
? Xgm vhz fcrmfc hk pckkc, mjrhjm m km smrtág kcs
o`mipajgcghs y hk mbc. Ocoagm pcr 4 iagutcs iís.
4 fahgths fh mbc, paomfcs Uahrth km orhim y ihzokm dahg. Ocoagm pcr 0 iagutcs c
﬍gatc `mstm quh km orhim hsphsh. Ocrrajh hk ocgfaihgtc.
\aihgtÿg, smk y paiahgtm
m justc 6 _arvh hk pckkc, bugtc ocg hk mrrcz fh ockafflcr y
MOCI\MÝMGVH hspckvcrhm phrhbak erhsoc paomfc y ug pcoc iís fh
paihgtÿg.
=4< j fh ockafflcr, paomfc
﬍gatc
8 ¡Faserutm!
ckavm Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 6?: nomk | ?8 j fh
= ohdckkm fh vhrfhc jrmsm | 48,5 j fh prcthégm | 0,6 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 8,8 j fh
phquhým (pmrth dkmgom) omrd. ghtcs
VA\2 _ustatuyh hk mjum pcr

orhim fh kho`h hg hk mrrcz
fh ockafflcr sa kc quahrhs
iís orhicsc.
66

MOCI\MÝMGVH_
_HIMGM
_HIM GM =

65

@CGJC_
@CG JC_ MK MBAKKC
MBAKKC
4 \CTOACGH_ = IAGXVC : IAGXVC_
4<< j fh o`mipaýcghs c
pcrtcdhkkcs
= Hg ugm smrtág m euhjc ihfac, fhrrath km imgthquakkm.
= ouo`mrmfm fh 4 Mýmfh hk mbc paomfc y ocoagm pcr = iagutc.
imgthquakkm
󰀽⁆󰀴 ouo`mrmfm fh mohtc ? Mýmfh kcs `cgjcs y ocoagm pcr 8 iagutcs c `mstm
dmksíiaoc csourhohr y quhfmr tahrgcs. Ocgfaihgtm ocg kaiÿg,
mohtc y smkpaiahgtm m justc.
󰀽⁆󰀴 ouo`mrmfm fh bujc fh
kaiÿg ¡_arvh bugtc mk oàka fh omrgh, fhocrm ocg tciakkc y
6 faserutm!
Vciakkc erhsoc pmrm Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 :: nomk | 5,= j fh
fhocrmr jrmsm | ?,6 j fh prcthégm | 6,? j fh omrd. tctmkhs | ?,4 j fh
omrd. ghtcs
VA\2 _arvh ocg 4
ouo`mrmfms fh pmrihsmgc
rmkkmfc pmrm ug hxtrm fh
smdcr.
6:

60

HG_MKMFM OMH_MT
4 \CTOACGH_ =< IAGXVC_ =8 IAGXVC_
4<< j fh ròoukm = Hg ugm ckkm phquhým, àhrvh kcs ùhvcs pcr =< iagutcs.
=<< j fh tcimths Kkávmkcs
Kkávmkcs m mjum ocg àhkc y rhtarm km oísomrm.
o`hrry⁆ohrhzm
4 ùhvcs furcs 4 Hg ug dck ihfamgc, ihzokm kcs agjrhfahgths fh km smksm2
imycghsm, mohath fh ckavm, kaiÿg y mgo`cms (cpoacgmk).
= ouo`mrmfm fh
Ocgfaihgtm m justc ocg smk, paiahgtm y paihgtÿg.
pmrihsmgc
_MK_M
? Hg fcs dck ihfamgcs, favafh km ròoukm, kcs tcimths
4 ouo`mrmfms fh o`hrry y kcs ùhvcs.
imycghsm (sag omrds)
= ouo`mrmfatm fh mohath fh 6 Uahrth km smksm omhsmr scdrh km hgsmkmfm.
ckavm
󰀽⁆󰀴 ouo`mrmfatm fh kaiÿg 8 ¡_arvh bugtc m kcs pago`cs fh ohrfc y faserutm!
4< j fh mgo`cms Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 4?= nomk | =1,= j fh
(cpoacgmk) jrmsm | == j fh prcthégm | 5,? j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 6,= j fh
_mk, paiahgtm y paihgtÿg m omrd. ghtcs
justc
VA\ 2 Mýmfh 󰀽⁆􀀴

fh icstmzm y ouo`mrmfatm
ug o`crratc
fh smksm agjkhsm pmrm
cdthghr hk smdcr okísaoc fh
km hgsmkmfm omhsmr.
61

\C_VTHOAVC HPVTM
_HIMGM
_HIM GM =

8=

ICX__H FH IMGÉ
4 \CTOACGH_ =< IAGXVC_ =< IAGXVC_
6< j fh pmstm fh imgé (sag
mzòomr)
= Hg ug dck jrmgfh, ihzokm hk quhsc orhim, km pmstm fh
imgé, km orhim fh kho`h y hk sthvam. Ihzokm dahg, `mstm
8< j fh quhsc orhim sumvazmr y ocidagmr tcfc. Muihgtm
Muihgtm km orhim fh kho`h
4 ouo`mrmfms fh orhim `mstm quhfmr hg hk pugtc fhshmfc. Ocrrajh hk fukoh m
fh kho`h justc.
VC\\AGJ_
4 Fhrrath hk o`cockmth ocg mohath fh ococ pcr =8
shjugfcs hg hk iaorccgfms.
?< j fh o`cockmth :<%
omomc ? Favafh hk dmtafc fh imgé hg fcs tmrrcghs. Uahrth
Uahrth km
= ouo`mrmfatm fh mohath fh iatmf fh km smksm fh o`cockmth y ho`m mkjugcs imgéhs
ococ pcr mrradm.
Imgé sag smk
6 ¡Faserutm!
VA\2 ¡Mýmfh hshgoam fh Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 ?:1 nomk | ?4,: j fh
vmagakkm pmrm ug hxtrm fh
jrmsm | 1,5 j fh prcthégm | ==,6 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 0,4 j fh
smdcr!
omrd. ghtcs
84

H I M G M
_
4
FH_MQXGC_
Qcjurt ocg orcomgth fh shiakkms 8:
cs rmgo`hrcs erhsocs 81
@uhvcs
@uhv
Jmo`ms fh ococ y o`cockmth 5=

@uhvcs rhvuhktcs 5?
Dufég fh o`ém ocg o`cockmth 58
Vá imto`m dcidm 5:
Cihkhtth fh pazzm 51
OCIAFM_
Icrrcghs rhkkhgcs :4
Hgsmkmfm fh mtòg :6
_mkoào`ms y rhpckkc mk àhrrc :5
\azzm fh ockafflcr :0

H I M G M
_
4
\ckkc mk phstc ocg zccfkhs 0<
Daeh fh rhs ocg smksm vhrfh 04
cs fh zuooàga rhkkhgcs 06
Tckkatcs
Tckkat
MOCI\MÝMGVH_
\urá orhicsc fh ockafflcr 0:
\C_VTHOAVC HPVTM
Orhim fh kaiÿg 1<

FH_MQXGC_
_HIMGM
_HIM GM 4

85

QCJXTV OCG OTCOMGVH

FH _HIAKKM_
=48 j fh ycjurt jrahjc (sag
mzòomr)
= Hg ug dck phquhýc, ihzokm hk ycjurt, hk sthvam y km
hshgoam fh vmagakkm. \ruhdm y ocrrabh hk fukoh.
= ouo`mrmfm fh shiakkms fh
o`ém 4 Mýmfh kms shiakkms fh o`ém, jarmsck y omkmdmzm.
= ouo`mrmfm fh shiakkms fh
jarmsck ? ¡Faserutm bugtc m ug fhkaoacsc tá vhrfh!
󰀽⁆󰀴 ouo`mrmfm fh shiakkms
Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 48? nomk | =1,4 j fh
fh omkmdmzm
jrmsm | =<,4 j fh prcthégm | ==,6 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | :,6 j fh
󰀽⁆󰀴 scdrhoatc fh sthvam omrd. ghtcs.
vmagakkm
VA\2 ³Gc ocgsajuhs ycjurt

jrahjc3 Dusom hg hk
suphrihromfc hk ycjurt
hgthrc gmturmk ocg ihgcs
omrdcàfrmtcs.
8:

80

@XHUC_ TMGO@HTC_
TMGO@HTC_
ETH_OC_
= \CTOAßG =< IAGXVC_ =8 IAGXVC_
4 ùhvcs = Omkahgtm ugm smrtág m euhjc dmbc ocg ugm ouo`mrmfatm
󰀽⁆󰀴 tcimth ihfamgc, paomfc fh mohath fh ckavm. Mýmfh km ohdckkm y sceréh pcr 4
󰀽⁆󰀶 fh ohdckkm, paomfm
iagutcs.
kaim
4 Mýmfh hk tcimth y ocoagm pcr 4 iagutcs iís.
Ocgfaihgtm ocg bujc fh kaiÿg y smk. Mpmjm hk euhjc y
4 ouo`mrmfatms fh mohath fh rhshrvm.
ckavm
󰀽⁆󰀶 mjumomth ihfamgc, hg ? Hg ugm smrtág mpmrth, omkahgtm ctrm ouo`mrmfatm fh
rcfmbms mohath fh ckavm y ocoagm kcs ùhvcs mk pugtc fhshmfc.
pmrihsmgc, rmkkmfc 6 _arvh hg ug pkmtc km smksm fh tcimth, bugtc m kcs ùhvcs
y hk mjumomth. Fhocrm ocg oakmgtrc erhsoc paomfc y
= ouo`mrmfm fh oakmgtrc
erhsoc, paomfc pmrihsmgc.
_mk m justc
8 ¡Faserutm!
VA\ 2 Mýmfh
paomfcs bmkmphýcs
c smksm paomgth pmrm Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 ?04 nomk | ?=,? j fh
jrmsm | =:,: j fh prcthégm | ==,8 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 5,: j fh
ug sudafÿg fh hghrjém. omrd. ghtcs.
81

5<

JMO@M_ FH OCOC
JMO@M_
Q O@COCKMVH
= Hg ug dck ihfamgc, mýmfh tcfcs kcs agjrhfahgths fh kms
jmo`ms2 kho`h fh mkihgfrms, `mragm fh kagmzm, `mragm fh
= ouo`mrmfm fh `mragm fh ococ, sásmic, sthvam y hshgoam fh vmagakkm. Ihzokm dahg.
kagmzm
= ouo`mrmfm fh `mragm fh 4 Kkhvm hk prhpmrmfc
prhpmrmfc m ugm ckkm phquhým m euhjc mktc pcr
ococ = iagutc c `mstm hgtrmr hg `hrvcr. Fasiaguyh hk euhjc
󰀽⁆󰀴 ouo`mrmfm fh shiakkms m dmbc y ocoagm pcr 4 iagutcs iís c `mstm hsphsmr.
fh sásmic Mpmjm hk euhjc y rhshrvm. Ocrrajh hk fukoh, sa hs
ghohsmrac.
vmagakkm
? \mrm km smksm fh o`cockmth, ihzokm hk omomc hg pckvc
ocg km orhim fh kho`h y omkahgtm hg hk iaorccgfms
_MK_M FH O@COCKMVH furmgth 48 shjugfcs.
= ouo`mrmfm fh omomc hg
pckvc, sag mzòomr 6 _arvh kms jmo`ms hg ug vmsc c dck phquhýc y oudrh
ocg km smksm fh tcimth. Fhocrm ocg ococ rmkkmfc c hg
= ouo`mrmfm fh orhim fh
kho`h trczcs phquhýcs y ocg ihgtm.
= ouo`mrmfm fh ococ
rmkkmfc (cpoacgmk) 8 ¡Faserutm!
@cbms fh ihgtm, pmrm Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 =:= nomk | =?,8 j fh
fhocrmr (cpoacgmk) jrmsm | 8,4 j fh prcthégm | =4,8 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 6,: j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
VA\2 ³Hrhs mimgth fhk
o`cockmth3 Mýmfh m km smksm
= oumfrmfatc fh o`cockmth
mimrjc (:<%) pmrm imtmr hk
mgtcbc.
5=

54

@XHUC_
@X HUC_ THUXH
THUXHKKVC_
= \CTOAßG ? IAGXVC_ 8 IAGXVC_
4 ùhvcs = Hg ug dck phquhýc, dmth kcs ùhvcs ocg hk quhsc
󰀽⁆󰀴 tcimth ihfamgc, paomfc pmrihsmgc y smkpaihgtm m justc.
󰀽⁆󰀶 fh mjumomth ihfamgc,
hg rcfmbms 4 Hg ugm smrtág, omkahgtm km imgthquakkm m euhjc ihfac.
Mýmfh kcs ùhvcs rhvuhktcs y ocoagm pcr 4 iagutcs,
ihzokmgfc comsacgmkihgth.
pmrihsmgc, rmkkmfc
󰀽⁆󰀴 ouo`mrmfm fh
? _arvh kcs ùhvcs, bugtc mk mjumomth y hk tcimth. Uuhkvh
imgthquakkm m smkpaihgtmr y fhocrm ocg hghkfc erhsoc.
Hghkfc erhsoc, pmrm fhocrmr
(cpoacgmk) Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 ?=: nomk | 45,8 j fh
_mk y paiahgtm m justc jrmsm | =8,5 j fh prcthégm | 5,5 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 4,1 j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
VA\2 ³Mfcrms kcs ùhvcs
rhvuhktcs
rhvuhktcs dahg orhicscs3
Mýmfh, hgtcgohs, ugm
ouo`mrmfm fh orhim fh
kho`h y ocoagm m euhjc
dahg dmbatc, rhv
rhvckvahgfc
ckvahgfc
ocgstmgthihgth.
5?

56

DXFÉG FH O@ÉM OCG

O@COCKMVH
= \CTOAßG : IAGXVC_ ? @CTM_ + : IAG
» tmzm fh kho`h fh ococ = Hg ugm tmzm, ihzokm km kho`h fh ococ y hk mjum.
» tmzm fh mjum
4 ouo`mrmfms fh shiakkms 4 Mýmfh km o`ém, hk sthvam y km hshgoam fh vmagakkm. Dmth
fh o`ém ocg ug thghfcr `mstm quh quhfh dahg ihzokmfc. Fhbm
rhpcsmr pcr 8 iagutcs y vuhkvh m ihzokmr. Oudrh km
¹ ouo`mrmfm fh omomc hg
tmzm ocg ug pmphk ﬍ki (pkístaoc).
pckvc (sag mzòomr)
? Thshrvm hg km ghvhrm⁆rherajhrmfcr
ghvhrm⁆rherajhrmfcr pcr ? `crms c `mstm
= o`crratc fh hshgoam fh quh km o`ém mdscrdm km kho`h fh mkihgfrms.
vmagakkm
6 Fhocrm ocg mrígfmgcs, pmstm fh imgé c o`cockmth
VA\2 Fhocrm ocg mrígfmgcs, mimrjc (cpoacgmk).
oàspms fh o`cockmth sag
mzòomr c pmstm fh imgé (¡c 8 ¡Faserutm!
tcfc bugtc!).
Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 464 nomk | 4<,0 j fh
jrmsm | 8,4 j fh prcthégm | =?,4 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 6,= j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
58

55

VÁ IMVO@M DCIDM
= tmzm fh mjum àrvahgfc = Hg ugm tmzm, fasuhkvh km ouo`mrmfatm fh imto`m hg hk
= ouo`mrmfatm fh tá imto`m mjum àrvahgfc.
hg pckvc (c = scdrhoatc fh tá
vhrfh) 4 Mýmfh hk mohath fh ococ y hk sthvam y dmth dahg.
󰀽⁆󰀿 tmzm fh kho`h fh ococ
= ouo`mrmfatm fh mohath fh
? Omkahgtm km kho`h fh ococ y dmth dahg `mstm `mohr
hspuim (c usm ug vmpcrazmfcr). Ockcom scdrh hk tá
ococ c mohath IOV
imto`m.
6 ¡Faserutm!
VA\2 ³Ocg `midrh3
Mocipmým hsth tá ocg Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 44: nomk | 4?,5 j fh
ugcs mrrckkmfatcs fh bmiÿg jrmsm | ?,? j fh prcthégm | 6,6 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | =,= j fh
y quhsc omkhgtmfcs hg omrd. ghtcs.
km smrtág c ugcs ùhvcs
rhvuhktcs.
5:

50

CIHKHVVH FH \ARRM
= \CTOAßG 8 IAGXVC_ =8 IAGXVC_
IM_M = Hg ug dck jrmgfh, mýmfh hk quhsc orhim y ihzokm
4 ùhvcs `mstm sumvazmr. Mjrhjm kcs ùhvcs y hk quhsc rmkkmfc.
Ihzokm dahg y smkpaihgtm m justc.
pmrihsmgc, rmkkmfc shoc
4 Omkahgtm ugm smrtág phquhým (ocg tmpm) m euhjc dmbc
ocg ihfam ouo`mrmfm fh imgthquakkm. Mýmfh
Mýmfh kcs
orhim
ùhvcs rhvuhktcs
rhvuhktcs y ocoagm, ocg km smrtág tmpmfm, pcr 8
󰀽⁆󰀴 ouo`mrmfm fh iagutcs.
imgthquakkm
_mk y paiahgtm m justc ? Uckthm km cihkhtth, oudrh ocg km smksm fh tcimth,
OCDHTVXTM quhsc iczzmrhkkm y mohatugms. Vmpm
Vmpm km smrtág y ocoagm
pcr 8 iagutcs iís c `mstm fhrrhtar hk quhsc. Fhocrm
= ouo`mrmfm fh smksm fh
tcimth ocg crájmgc.
iczzmrhkkm, hg `hdrms 6 ¡_arvh omkhgtatm y mocipmýmfm fh ug fhkaoacsc omeá!
= ouo`mrmfm fh mohatugms Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 68: nomk | ?6,: j fh
vhrfhs jrmsm | ?4,? j fh prcthégm | 8,1 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 6,0 j fh
= ouo`mrmfatm fh crájmgc omrd. ghtcs.
VA\2 ³]uahrhs fmrkh tu tcquh

crajagmk m hstm pazzm3 \ruhdm
fh phpphrcga, fh bmiÿg c
ocg icrrÿg paomfc.
51

OCIAFM_
_HIMGM
_HIM GM 4

:=
:=
ICTTCGH_ THKKHGC_
4 \CTOACGH_ =8 IAGXVC_ 68 IAGXVC_
4 paiahgtc icrrÿg mimrakkcs = \rhomkhgtmr hk `crgc m 4<<¼O.
4<< j fh omrgh ickafm
=<< j fh ockafflcr, paomfm 4 Kmvm dahg kcs paiahgtcs y ocrtm m kc kmrjc. Thtarm kms
dahg ﬍gatm shiakkms. Kkhvm m ugm dmgfhbm pmrm `crgcs oudahrtm ocg
pmphk imgthom c hsthrm fh sakaocgm. \agohkm kcs ecgfcs
= fahgth fh mbc, paomfc
ocg = ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh ckavm y smkm m justc. Kkhvm
󰀽⁆󰀴 tcimth, hg oudcs mk `crgc pcr =< iagutcs
48 j fh quhsc iczzmrhkkm,
hg `hdrms Iahgtrms, omkahgtm ugm ouo`mrmfm fh mohath hg ugm
? smrtág jrmgfh m euhjc ihfac. Mýmfh km ohdckkm, hk mbc,
4 ouo`mrmfms fh phrhbak
erhsoc, paomfc hk phrhbak y hk oakmgtrc y ocoagm pcr = iagutc.
4 ouo`mrmfms fh oakmgtrc
erhsoc, paomfc 6 Mýmfh km omrgh ickafm m km smrtág
s mrtág y ocoagm pcr 8
iagutcs iís. \cr òktaic, mýmfh hk mrrcz fh ockafflcr y
4 ouo`mrmfms fh mohath fh kcs tcimths. _mkpaiahgtm m justc y ocgtagòm ocoagmgfc
ckavm
pcr ? iagutcs.
󰀽⁆󰀴 ouo`mrmfatm fh oàkh
paomgth
8 Thtarm kcs icrrcghs fhk `crgc y ockcom hk rhkkhgc. Kkhvm
_mk y paiahgtm m justc mk `crgc pcr =8 iagutcs. Mýmfh hk quhsc y kkhvm mk
`crgc pcr 8 iagutcs iís c `mstm fhrrhtar
fhrrhtar..
VA\2 Mocipmým kcs
paiahgtcs ocg ugm hgsmkmfm 5 ¡Fhocrm ocg iís phrhbak erhsoc y faserutm!
erhsom, ¡quhfm phrehotc ocg
ròoukm y o`hrrahs! Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 ?:5 nomk | 45,1 j fh
jrmsm | 46,5 j fh prcthégm | ==,1 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | :,= j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
:4

:?
HG_MK
HG _MKMFM
MFM FH M
MVÒ
VÒGG
= kmtm fh mtòg hg mohath = Hsourrh kms kmtms fh mtòg y mjrhjm m ug dck jrmgfh.
= mjumomth, ocrtmfc hg
oudcs 4 Mýmfh km imycghsm, kcs phpagakkcs y km ohdckkm
4 ouo`mrmfms fh imycghsm icrmfm y ihzokm dahg. Ocgfaihgtm ocg hk bujc fh
(sag omrdcs pcr pcroaÿg) kaiÿg, paiahgtm y ohdckkm hg pckvc. Ocrrabh km smk sa hs
ghohsmrac.
8< j fh `cbms vhrfhs
?< j fh phpagakkcs, paomfcs ? _arvh scdrh ug ocko`ÿg fh `cbms vhrfhs y mýmfh hk
󰀽⁆󰀶 fh ohdckkm icrmfm, mjumomth.
paomfm
4 rcfmbms fh kaiÿg 6 ¡Faserutm!
_mk, paiahgtm y ohdckkm hg Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 6:< nomk | ?5,1 j fh
pckvc m justc
jrmsm | 45 j fh prcthégm | =<,0 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | ?,5 j fh
omrd. ghtcs
VA\2 Ctrcs duhgcs
agjrhfahgths pmrm km
hgsmkmfm scg kms mohatugms,
icrrÿg paomfc c ùhvc furc
paomfc.
:6

:8
_MKO@AO@M_ Q
_MKO@AO@M_
TH\CKKC
TH\C KKC MK @AHTTC
4 \CTOACGH_ =< IAGXVC_ ?8 IAGXVC_
4<< j fh o`crazc fh ohrfc
(sa hs omshrc, ihbcr),
= \rhomkhgtmr hk `crgc m 4<<¼O.
ocrtmfc hg rcfmbms
4 Hg ugm smrtág m euhjc ihfac (sa hs fh àhrrc, ihbcr),
=<< j fh iczzmrhkkm, hg fhrrath km imgthquakkm. Mjrhjm
Mjrhjm hk o`crazc ocrtmfc y
`hdrms fhbm ocoagmr pcr ? iagutcs fh omfm kmfc c `mstm fcrmr.
fcrmr.
󰀽⁆󰀴 paiahgtc icrrÿg rcbc, hg

bukamgms ? Mýmfh hk icrrÿg, km ohdckkm y hk rhpckkc. Ocgtagòm
󰀽⁆󰀴 ohdckkm, hg bukamgms ocoagmgfc pcr =< iagutcs c `mstm ocohr.
󰀽⁆󰀴 tmzm (68 j) fh rhpckkc, hg
bukamgms 6 Mjrhjm kms mkompmrrms y smkpaihgtm m justc.
4 ouo`mrmfms fh mkompmrrms 8 _a km smrtág gc hs fh àhrrc, kkhvm m ugm dmgfhbm pmrm
= ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh `crgc. Oudrh ocg hk quhsc hg `hdrms y kkhvm mk `crgc
ckavm pcr 8 iagutcs c `mstm fhrrhtar hk quhsc.
5 ¡Faserutm mk fhgth!
VA\ 2 Km hs
rhohtm hstrhkkm hg hstm
hk o`crazc. \ruhdm Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 655 nomk | ?0,= j fh
ug o`crazc mùimfc c ocg jrmsm | 46,8 j fh prcthégm | 5,0 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 8,= j fh
mbé pmrm ug hxtrm fh smdcr. omrd. ghtcs.
:5

::
\ARRM FH OCKAEKCT
4 \CTOACGH_ =8 IAGXVC_ 6< IAGXVC_
IM_M = \rhomkhgtmr hk `crgc m 4<<¼O.
4<< j fh ockafflcr,
ockafflcr, paomfc
﬍gc 4 Kkhvm km ockafflcr paomfm ﬍gc m ug dck mptc pmrm
8< j fh quhsc iczzmrhkkm, iaorccgfms y omkahgtm hg hk iaorccgfms pcr 8 iagutcs.
hg `hdrms
8< j fh quhsc pmrihsmgc,
? Vr
Vrmgs﬍hrh
mgs﬍hrh m ug rhpmsmfcr⁆tcmkkm fh ocoagm y hsourrh
pmrm rhtarmr hk mjum. Thjrhsm km ockafflcr shom mk dck.
hg `hdrms
= ùhvc Mýmfh km iczzmrhkkm, hk pmrihsmgc, hk ùhvc, km `mragm

4 ouo`mrmfms fh `mragm fh 6 fh ococ, hk mbc hk pckvc y smkm. Ihzokm `mstm ecrimr ugm
ococ imsm.
󰀽⁆󰀴 ouo`mrmfatm fh pckvc fh
mbc 8 Kkhvmkm imsm m ugm dmgfhbm pmrm pazzm mgtamf`hrhgth
_mk m justc
c oudahrtm ocg pmphk imgthom⁆phrjmiagc. Hxtahgfh
scdrh km dmgfhbm fmgfc ugm ecrim rhfcgfm.
OCDHTVXTM
8< j fh smksm fh tcimth 5 Kkhvm mk `crgc pcr =8 iagutcs c `mstm ocihgzmr m
=<< j fh quhsc iczzmrhkkm, fcrmr kcs dcrfhs. Thtarm, oudrh ocg km smksm fh tcimth
hg `hdrms y hspckvcrhm hk quhsc iczzmrhkkm y pmrihsmgc.
?< j fh quhsc pmrihsmgc,
hg `hdrms : Muihgtm hk `crgc mk iíxaic y kkhvm km pazzm
guhvmihgth
guhvmihgth mk `crgc pcr 8 iagutcs.
ckavm
0 Oudrh ocg = ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh ckavm y fhocrm
@cbms fh mkdm`mom u ocg mkdm`mom u crájmgc.
crájmgc pmrm fhocrmr
1 ¡Kkhvm m ugm tmdkm rhfcgfm, ocrtm y faserutm omkhgtatm!
VA\2 _a km imsm hstí iuy
icbmfm puhfh phjmrsh mk Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 ?68 nomk | 44,6 j fh
pmphk. Km ihbcr cpoaÿg hs jrmsm | 48,= j fh prcthégm
prcthégm | =6,0 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 0,0 j fh
ugm dmgfhbm mgtamf`hrhgth c omrd. ghtcs.
ugm hsthrm fh sakaocgm.
:0

:1
\CKKC MK \H_VC
OCG RCCFKH_
4 phoùjms fh pckkc
phquhýms (4<< j)
= Ocrtm kcs zuooàga hg ecrim fh tarms (ocg ug
hsparakazmfcr c ug phkm pmpms) y kkhvm m ug ockmfcr
ockmfcr..
󰀽⁆󰀴 tmzm fh mkdm`mom erhsom Mýmfh ugm omgtafmf jhghrcsm fh smk y fhbm sufmgfc
?< j fh mkihgfrms pcr 8 iagutcs. Hgbumjm dahg, ouhkm y rhshrvm.
Iahgtrms, ockcom hg ug prcohsmfcr kms mkihgfrms, km
rmkkmfc
= fahgth fh mbc
4 mdm`mom, hk mbc, hk quhsc pmrihsmgc y ugm ouo`mrmfm
fh mohath fh ckavm. \uksm `mstm ecrimr hk phstc.
ckavm ? Hg ugm pkmgo`m ihfamgm m euhjc ihfac, omkahgtm ugm
RCCFKH_ ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh ckavm y mjrhjm kms phoùjms.
Ocoagm pcr 8 iagutcs c `mstm fcrmr y vckthm.
4<< j fh ﬍fhcs fh
zuooàga⁆omkmdmoég
8< j fh tcimths o`hrry
6 Oudrh kms phoùjms ocg hk phstc y ocoagm pcr 8
iagutcs iís c `mstm ocoagmr hk ohgtrc.
ckavm 8 Hg ugm ckkm jrmgfh m euhjc ihfac, omkahgtm ugm
Omgtafmf jhghrcsm fh smk ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh ckavm. Ockcom kcs zuooàgas y
kcs tcimths y ocoagm pcr ? iagutcs c `mstm tahrgazmr
tahrgazmr..
VA\2 \uhfhs prhpmrmr ugms
pcroacghs hxtrm fh phstc 5 ¡_arvh hk pckkc bugtc m kcs zccfkhs y fhvcr
fhvcrm!
m!
y thghrkms sahiprh m imgc
pmrm ocgfaihgtmr tus Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 68? nomk | ?6,8 j fh
ociafms. jrmsm | ?<,1 j fh prcthégm | 0,: j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 6,? j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
0<

0=
DAEH FH TH_ OCG

_MK_M UHTFH
UHTFH
4 \CTOACGH_ =< IAGXVC_ 48 IAGXVC_
48< j fh kcic c ﬍kht
iajgcg
= _mzcgm km omrgh ocg smk y paiahgtm fh midcs kmfcs y
rhshrvm.
= ouo`mrmfm fh imgthquakkm
= fahgth fh mbc, paomfc ﬍gc 4 Omkahgtm ugm pkmgo`m m euhjc ihfac y fhrrath ugm
ouo`mrmfm fh imgthquakkm. Mýmfh km omrgh y oudrh ocg
hk mbc paomfc. Fhbm ocoagmr pcr 8 iagutcs, vckthm
vckthm y
_MK_M UHTFH ocoagm pcr 8 iagutcs iís c mk pugtc fhshmfc.
4< j fh phrhbak erhsoc,
paomfc ? \cr iahgtrms, mýmfh tcfcs kcs agjrhfahgths fh km smksm
4< j fh oakmgtrc erhsoc, vhrfh m ug prcohsmfcr fh mkaihgtcs hxohptc hk mohath
paomfc fh ckavm. \rcohsm `mstm paomr dahg kms `cbms y mýmfh
pcoc m pcoc hk mohath `mstm tcimr km ocgsasthgoam
=< j fh mkdm`mom erhsom,
paomfm fhshmfm. Mýmfh smk sa kc fhshms.
kaim
6 Ocrtm hk ﬍khth hg rhdmgmfms y oudrh ocg km smksm vhrfh.
= ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh 8 ¡_arvh bugtc m ug purá fh ockafflcr y faserutm!
ckavm
= fahgth fh mbc Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 ?88 nomk | 4<,: j fh
󰀽⁆󰀴 mbé bmkmphýc (cpoacgmk)
jrmsm | ?0,0 j fh prcthégm | 4,5 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 4 j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
VA\2 ³]uahrhs fmrkh ug hxtrm
fh smdcr m km omrgh3 \ruhdm
mýmfahgfc ugms jctatms fh
ùic kéquafc, ¡pmrhohrí
rhoaág smkafc fh km pmrrakkm!
04

0?
TCKKAVC_ FH RXOO@AGA
THKKHGC_
4 \CTOACGH_ =< IAGXVC_ 64 IAGXVC_
4 zuooàgas ihfamgcs,
ocrtmfcs hg kíiagms ﬍gms
= \rhomkhgtmr hk `crgc m =0<¼O.
48 j fh quhsc iczzmrhkkm, 4 Ocrtm kcs zuooàgas⁆omkmdmoaghs hg kíiagms vhrtaomkhs.
hg `hdrms Ockcom hg ugm suphr﬍oah kaipam y hspckvcrhm smk.
48 j fh quhsc pmrihsmgc, Fábmkcs sufmr pcr =< iagutcs.
hg `hdrms
48 j fh quhsc jcufm, hg ? Hg ug dck, ihzokm hk quhsc orhim, hk pmrihsmgc, km
`hdrms iczzmrhkkm, hk jcufm y hk bmkmphýc. Ocgfaihgtm ocg
paihgtÿg y paiahgtm.
?< j fh quhsc orhim
=48 j fh smksm fh tcimth 6 _hom kcs zuooàgas ocg ugm tcmkkm fh pmphk y omkahgtm
= bmkmphýc, ocrtmfm hg ugm pkmgo`m m euhjc mktc. Xgtm kcs zuooàgas ocg mohath
rcfmbms phquhýms fh ckavm y msm kms kíiagms pcr 4 iagutcs c `mstm fcrmr
= ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh ugm fh kms suphr﬍oahs.
ckavm
\aihgtÿg, smk y paiahgtm m 8 Ocg ouafmfc pmrm gc quhimrth, vh
vh rhkkhgmgfc hk
zuooàga ocg hk quhsc y hgrckkm. Kkhvm m ugm dmgfhbm
justc pmrm `crgc oudahrm ocg km smksm fh tcimth.
VA\2 ³Vh mgaims m iís
smdcr3 Mýmfh quhsc mzuk 5 Kkhvm km dmgfhbm mk `crgc pcr 4< iagutcs c `mstm
c jcrjcgzckm, ¡gc th fhrrhtar dahg hk quhsc.
mrrhphgtarís!.
: ¡_arvh omkahgth, fhocrm ocg mkdm`mom erhsom y faserutm!
Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 ?<< nomk | 46,8 j fh
jrmsm | =?,? j fh prcthégm | ==,= j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 0 j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
06
MOCI\MÝMGVH_
_HIMGM
_HIM GM 4

05
\XTÁ OTHIC_C
FH OCKAEKCT
4<< j fh fflcrhs fh ockafflcr = @ahrvh km ockafflcr hg mdugfmgth mjum ocg smk pcr =<
4 ouo`mrmfms fh quhsc iagutcs c `mstm mdkmgfmr dahg.
orhim
4 ouo`mrmfms fh 4 Hsourrh hg ug ockmfcr y kkhvm m ug prcohsmfcr fh
imgthquakkm mkaihgtcs. Mýmfh
Mýmfh hk quhsc orhim, = ouo`mrmfm fh
= fahgth fh mbc imgthquakkm, hk mbc y smkpaihgtm m justc.

? \rcohsm dahg `mstm ecrimr ug purá.
VA\2 ³Gc th hgomgtm km 6 ¡_arvh hg ug pkmtc pmrm shrvar

shrvar,, mýmfh km ouo`mrmfm
ockafflcr3 Thhipkízmkm pcr rhstmgth fh imgthquakkm y mfcrgm ocg àhrdms y
drÿocka, hk purá quhfm paihgtÿg!
tcfmvém iís raoc.
Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 =56 nomk | =8,= j fh
jrmsm | ? j fh prcthégm | 5,= j fh omrd. tctmkhs | ?,5 j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
0:
\C_VTHOAVC HPVTM
_HIMGM
_HIM GM 4

01
OTHIM FH KAIßG
4 kaicghs, bujc y oísomrm = Hg ugm ckkm m euhjc dmbc, omkahgtm kms yhims fh ùhvc
ùhvc y
?< j fh imgthquakkm hk sthvam. Dmth `mstm quh hk sthvam sh fasuhkvm.
6 yhims fh ùhvc
4 m ? scdrhoatcs fh sthvam
4 Mjrhjm hk bujc fh kaiÿg y km imgthquakkm y ihzokm
`mstm fhrrhtar y ocidagmr.
VA\2 Mgths fh vhrthr km ? Eagmkihgth, mjrhjm km rmkkmfurm fh kaiÿg y ocgtagòm

orhim, ockcom hg hk ecgfc ihzokmgfc y ocoagmgfc `mstm hsphsmr km orhim.
fh kcs ermsocs
mkihgfrms ocg`mragm fh
imgthquakkm Ocrrajh hk fukoh y hk kaiÿg.
fhrrhtafm. Kuhjc fh vhrthr
km orhim, oudrh ocg ugm 6 Fhbm hgeramr pcr 8 iagutcs y kkhvm m 4 ermsocs. Oaárrmkcs
ouo`mrmfm fh okmrms dmtafms y ocgsárvmkcs hg km ghvhrm `mstm ocgsuiar.
pmrm ugcs fhkaoacscs iaga
khicg pah. Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 4=1 nomk | 4<,: j fh
jrmsm | 8,: j fh prcthégm | 6,? j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 6,4 j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
1<
H I M G M
_
?
FH_MQXGC_
Vmpms fh fhsmyugc 18
Durratc fh fhsmyugc 1:
Qcjurt omshrc fh ococ 11
_`mns`cunm =<=
Vcrtatms fh ockafflcr =<?
Eratmtm fh smkiÿg mùimfc =<8
m rígfmgcs =<:
Vmzÿg fh jmo`ms ocg mrígfmgcs
OCIAFM_
Hgsmkmfm erhsom fh pckkc y mjumomth ==<
O`crazc m km pkmgo`m ==4
_cpm tma fh omimrÿg ==6
Fhkaoam oàgm fh rhs ocg drÿocka ==5

H I M G M
_
?
_mkiÿg erhsoc ocg kaiÿg y rcihrc ==0
Mkdÿgfajms hgoàkmfms =4<
Icquhom dmàmgm =44
MOCI\MÝMGVH_
vhjhtmkhs =48
Ecgfuh fh quhscs y vhjhtmkhs
Hspírrmjcs smkthmfcs =4:
Ock rcstazmfm =41
\C_VTHOAVC HPVTM
Vruems fh mvhkkmgm y pastmo`c =?4

FH_MQXGC_
_HIMGM
_HIM GM ?

16
VM\M_ FH FH_MQXGC
= ùhvc furc = Hg ugm ckkm phquhým ocg mjum àrvahgfc, ocoagm hk
= o`crazc⁆smkoào`m ùhvc pcr 0 iagutcs. Fhbm hgeramr hg mjum ocg àhkc.
4 kcgo`ms fh quhsc
\hkm y ocrtm pcr km iatmf.
iczzmrhkkm
= kcgo`m fh bmiÿg ocoafc
4 \cr iahgtrms, ocrtm hk o`crazc hg rcfmbms y ocoagm hg
ugm smrtág m euhjc mktc pcr = iagutc fh omfm kmfc.
gmturmk c pmvc
= ouo`mrmfm fh imycghsm ? Hg ug pcth phquhýc, ihzokm km imycghsm ocg km smksm
(sag omrds) tmdmsoc. _arvh hg ug pkmtc ocg hk o`crazc, hk bmiÿg, hk
󰀽⁆󰀴 paiahgtc icrrÿg rcbc, hg quhsc, hk icrrÿg y hk ùhvc.
bukamgms
󰀽⁆󰀴 ouo`mrmfatm fh smksm 6 ¡Faserutm hg ug fém ocrrafc ocg ug duhg omeá!
tmdmsoc
Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 6?: nomk | ??,1 j fh
VA\2 Ockcom kms tmpms hg jrmsm | 4: j fh prcthégm | 5 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 8,4 j fh
ug tupphr y kkhvm ocgtajc omrd. ghtcs.
mk trmdmbc sa hstís m kms
ocrrafms. ¡Hs hk sgmon afhmk!.
18

15
DXTTAVC FH FH_MQXGC
= \CTOAßG 8 IAGXVC8 =< IAGXVC_
DXTTAVC = Hg ug dck, mjrhjm kcs ùhvcs, hk quhsc pmrihsmgc, km
4 ùhvcs ohdckkhtm paomfm. _mkpaiahgtm m justc y dmth `mstm
ocidagmr.
pmrihsmgc, rmkkmfc
= ouo`mrmfm fh
4 Hg ugm smrtág phquhým m euhjc dmbc, fhrrath km
imgthquakkm y vahrth hk ùhvc dmtafc. Fhbm ocoagmr pcr
oadcukhtth⁆ohdckkhtm
oadcukhtth⁆ohdckkhtm paomfm
8 iagutcs ocg km smrtág tmpmfm.
= ouo`mfmrm fh imgthquakkm
_mk y paiahgtm m justc Kkhvm km tcrtakkm m ug pkmtc, rhkkhgm ocg quhsc orhim,
? tcimth
THKKHGC ocrtmfc, mjumomth y oahrrm ocic ug durratc.
orhim 6 ¡Faserutm!
4 rcfmbms fh tcimth Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 64< nomk | ?5,1 j fh
󰀽⁆󰀶 mjumomth jrmsm | =0,= j fh prcthégm | :,= j fh omrd. tctmkhs | ?,? j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
VA\2 _a fhshms rhkkhgmr ocg
quhsc, vahrth hk quhsc hg
`hdrms ugm vhz vckthmfm km
tcrtakkm y iahgtrms sh ocoagm
pmrm fhrrhtar ihbcr.
1:

10
QCJXTV OM_HTC
FH OCOC
=<< j fh kho`h fh ococ = Fhbm hgeramr km kho`h fh ococ pcr km gco`h, pmrm quh
4 ouo`mfmrms fh ococ hg quhfh dahg fhgsm.
`cbuhkms
= pékfcrm c scdrh fh iax fh 4 Uahrth km kho`h fh ococ hg ug dck (sa hs hg kmtm,
prcdaÿtaocs (cpoacgmk) fhsomrtm hk mjum y usm sÿkc km orhim). Mjrhjm
Mjrhjm hk sthvam,
= o`crratc fh hshgoam fh km hshgoam fh vmagakkm y hk iax fh prcdaÿtaocs. Ihzokm
vmagakkm dahg.
? Ho`m ococ hg `cbuhkms y faserutm bugtc m ug fhkaoacsc
omeá.
VA\2 Ho`m ugms erhsms y
ermiduhsms pcr mrradm pmrm Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 458 nomk | 4:,4 j fh
ug fhsmyugc dahg erhsoc. jrmsm | 4,5 j fh prcthégm | :,= j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 6 j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
11

=<<
_@MN_@CXNM
4 ùhvcs = Hg ugm smrtág phquhým m euhjc ihfac, omkahgtm hk
=8< j fh hspagmom, erhsom c mohath fh ckavm y mjrhjm kms hspagmoms. _mkpaihgtm,
fhsocgjhkmfm dmbm hk euhjc y ocoagm 4 iagutcs `mstm quhfmr tahrgms.
?< j fh quhsc ehtm,
fhsihguzmfc 4 @mz fcs ùhocs hg km hspagmom y rciph ug ùhvc hg
omfm ùhoc. Oudrh km smrtág y ocgtagòm ocoagmgfc pcr
ckavm ? iagutcs c `mstm ocoagmr kcs ùhvcs.
\aihgtÿg, smk y paiahgtm m Ocgfaihgtm ocg iís smk, paiahgtm y paihgtÿg.

justc ? Fhsihguzm quhsc ehtm pcr mrradm.
VA\2 \mrm ugm sòphr 6 Vhg ouafmfc mk trmgsehrar hk s`mns`cunm m ug pkmtc pmrm
prhshgtmoaÿg, prhpmrm hk gc pmrtar kcs ùhvcs.
s`mns`cunm hg ugm smrtág fh
àhrrc y sarvh mk fhgth hg km
smrtág. 8 ¡Faserutm bugtc m ug fhkaoacsc tá vhrfh!
Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 ?5< nomk | 41,: j fh
jrmsm | =1,5 j fh prcthégm | :,6 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 6,= j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
=<=

=<4
VCTVAVM_ FH OCKAEKCT
==< j fh ockafflcr
ockafflcr,, paomfc
﬍gatc c prcohsmfc
= Ocoagm km ockafflcr rmkkmfm hg hk iaorccgfms pcr ?
iagutcs c `mstm tahrgazmr. Fhbm hgeramr pcr 4 iagutcs
= ùhvc
󰀽⁆󰀴 ouo`mrmfm fh `mragm fh 4 Hg ug dck, mjrhjm hk ùhvc y dmth kajhrmihgth.
kagmzm Agocrpcrm km ockafflcr,
ockafflcr, km `mragm fh kagmzm y hk crájmgc.
_mzcgm ocg smk y vuhkvh m ihzokmr `mstm ecrimr ugm
orhim pmstm. _a km pmstm quhfm iuy kéquafm, mjrhjm iís
kagmzm.
󰀽⁆󰀴 ouo`mrmfatm fh crájmgc
shoc
? Omkahgtm ugm smrtág jrmgfh m euhjc ihfac ocg hk
= ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh mohath fh ococ. Uh mrimgfc kms tcrtatms vhrtahgfc fh m
ococ 4 ouo`mrmfms mkrhfhfcr fh km smrtág. Fhbm ocoagmr fh
_mk y paihgtÿg m justc omfm kmfc pcr 4 iagutcs c `mstm fcrmr
fcrmr..
VA\2 Hstms tcrtatms tmidaág 6 Ihzokm hk quhsc orhim ocg ug pcoc fh paihgtÿg,
scg phrehotms ocic ¡sarvh bugtc m kms tcrtatms omkhgtatms y faserutm!.
sgmon fh km tmrfh c ocic
mphratavc, mocipmýmfms Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 45< nomk | 44,1 j fh
pcr tcimth y mjumomth hg jrmsm | 1,? j fh prcthégm | :,1 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | ?,0 j fh
oudcs. omrd. ghtcs.
=<?

=<6
ETAVMVM FH _MKIßG
M@XIMFC
4 ùhvcs = Hg ug dck ihfamgc mptc pmrm iaorccgfms, mýmfh kcs
?< j fh hspagmoms, erhsoms ùhvcs, km hspagmom y hk quhsc rmkkmfc. _mkpaiahgtm m
c fhsocgjhkmfms justc y dmth `mstm ocidagmr.
8< j fh smkiÿg mùimfc
4 Kkhvm hk dck mk iaorccgfms pcr ?< shjugfcs y rhpath
pmrihsmgc, rmkkmfc `mstm ocoagmr dahg kcs ùhvcs (ohrom
(ohrom fh = iagutc iís).
orhim
? Oudrh ocg smkiÿg mùimfc hg tarms y ugm ouo`mrmfm
fh quhsc orhim. _mkpaiahgtm ug pcoc iís.
6 ¡Faserutm!
VA\2 ³Gc th justm hk
iaorccgfms3 Kkhvm m ug dck Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 4:6 nomk | =:,: j fh
phquhýc mptc pmrm `crgcs jrmsm | 45,: j fh prcthégm | 4,5 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | <,1 j fh
y `crghm m =0<¼O pcr =8 omrd. ghtcs.
iagutcs.
=<8

=<5
VMRßG FH JMO@M_
OCG MTÍGFMGC_
mkihgfrms
= Hg ugm ckkm phquhým, mjrhjm km kho`h fh mkihgfrms, km
o`ém, km `mragm fh mkihgfrms, km omghkm, km hshgoam fh
= ouo`mrmfm fh shiakkms fh vmagakkm y hk scdrhoatc fh sthvam.
o`ém
4 ouo`mrmfms fh `mragm fh 4 Kkhvm km ckkm m euhjc euhrth `mstm hgtrmr hg `hrvcr,
mkihgfrms (c = ouo`mrmfm rhfuoh mk iégaic y ocgtagòm ocoagmgfc, rhvckvahgfc
fh `mragm fh ococ) ocgstmgthihgth,
ocgstmgthihgt h, pcr ? iagutcs c `mstm hsphsmr.
󰀽⁆󰀴 ouo`mrmfatm fh omghkm \ruhdm y ocrrajh hk fukoh. Fhbm hgeramr pcr 8 iagutcs.
= scdrhoatc fh sthvam (+ m
justc) ? Hg ugm smrtág phquhým m euhjc ihfac ocg mohath fh
ococ, ocoagm kcs mrígfmgcs pcr = iagutc c `mstm scktmr
= o`crratc fh hshgoam fh ug pcoc fh bujc.
vmagakkm
?< j fh mrígfmgcs 6 _arvh kms jmo`ms y vahrth kcs mrígfmgcs pcr mrradm.
󰀽⁆󰀴 ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh Hspckvcrhm ug pcoc iís fh omghkm.
ococ
¡Faserutm!
VA\2 ³]uahrhs ugm hxtrm fcsas 8
fh erutm3 \uhfhs rhhipkmzmr Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 =10 nomk | =8,? j fh
kcs mrígfmgcs ocg hk fcdkh jrmsm | 6,4 j fh prcthégm | ==,? j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 8,: j fh
fh omgtafmf fh icrms. omrd. ghtcs.
=<:
OCIAFM_
_HIMGM
_HIM GM ?

=<1
HG_MKMFM ETH_OM FH
\CKKC
\C KKC Q MJXMOMVH
MJXMOMVH
4 phoùjms fh pckkc
phquhýms (=<< j o⁆u)
= Mýmfh smk m kms phoùjms fh pckkc fh midcs kmfcs.
Omkahgtm ugm pkmgo`m m euhjc ihfac y vahrth ihfam
= mjumomth ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh ckavm. Ocoagm kms phoùjms
4 tcimths ihfamgcs fh pckkc 8 iagutcs fh omfm kmfc, c `mstm fcrmr km
suphr﬍oah y ocoagmr dahg hk ohgtrc.
8< j fh rmdmgatcs
ckavm
4 Ocrtm kcs tcimth hg rcfmbms jrmgfhs y kcs rmdmgatcs hg
rcfmbms phquhýms. Ocrtm hk mjumomth m km iatmf.
= ouo`mrmfatm fh crájmgc
= puýmfc fh oakmgtrc erhsoc, ? _arvh hk pckkc, bugtc mk mjumomth, hk tcimth y kcs
pmrm fhocrmr rmdmgatcs. Ocgfaihgtm ocg crájmgc, smk, paiahgtm y hk
rhstmgth fh mohath fh ckavm. Fhocrm ocg oakmgtrc erhsoc.
Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 6?8 nomk | ?4,1 j fh
VA\2 Tcoém km pukpm fhk jrmsm | 46,6 j fh prcthégm | =6,? j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 8,: j fh
ihfac mjumomth ocg kaiÿg
omrd. ghtcs.
y oudrh ocg pmphk ﬍ki (quh
tcquh km suphr﬍oah).
hg km ghvhrm Thshrvm
pmrm imgthghr
hk mjumomth erhsoc.
==<

===
O@CTARC
O@CTA RC M
KM \KMGO@M
= ruhfm fh o`crazc ﬍gatc = _mkpaiahgtm hk o`crazc m justc fh midcs kmfcs.
﬍gatc 4 Omkahgtm ugm pkmgo`m m euhjc ihfac y mýmfh hk mbc.
Hghkfc pmrm fhocrmr Mjrhjm hk o`crazc y ocoagm pcr =< iagutcs fh ug kmfc
(c `mstm fcrmr km suphr﬍oah). Uc
Uckthm
kthm y ocoagm pcr =<
iagutcs iís.
VA\2 Tcoém ocg ùic kéquafc ? ¡_arvh bugtc m km ecgfuh fh vhjhtmkhs,
vhjhtmkhs, fhocrm ocg
pmrm pmrhohr quh momdm fh hghkfc y iís mbc y faserutm!
smkar fh km pmrrakkm.
Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 4:: nomk | 4? j fh
jrmsm | =6,: j fh prcthégm | 4,= j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 4 j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
==4

==?
_C\M VMA FH OMIMTßG

4 \CTOACGH_ 8 IAGXVC_ ?8 IAGXVC_
4<< j fh omimrcghs
ocoafcs (ocgjhkmfcs c
= Fhrrath km imgthquakkm hg ugm smrtág jrmgfh m
euhjc mktc y mjrhjm kcs omimrcghs. Ocoagm `mstm
erhsocs)
fhsocgjhkmr y fcrmr fh midcs kmfcs (ohrom fh =<
4 tmzms fh omkfc fh iagutcs).
vhjhtmkhs
󰀽⁆󰀴 tmzm fh kho`h fh ococ 4 Mjrhjm kcs o`mipajgcghs y ocoagm pcr 8 iagutcs.
= ouo`mrmfm fh pmstm fh
Mjrhjm km pmstm fh tcimth y oudrh dahg kcs
tcimth ocgohgtrmfc omimrcghs. Mjrhjm hk mbc, hk bhgjadrh y hk ourry. Uuhkvh
6< j fh o`mipajgcghs, hg ?
m ihzokmr y ocoagm pcr = iagutc.
rcfmbms
?< j fh imgthquakkm
6 Uahrth hk omkfc fh vhjhtmkhs, km kho`h fh ococ y km
4 ouo`mrmfms fh quhsc smksm tmdmsoc. Fhbm `hrvar pcr =< iagutcs. Mýmfh hk
orhim bujc fh kaim, pruhdm
pruhdm y ocrrajh hk ocgfaihgtc.
ocgfaihgtc.
= ouo`mrmfm fh bhgjadrh
erhsoc 8 _arvh km scpm bugtc mk quhsc orhim, hspckvcrhm oàkh
shoc y oakmgtrc pmrm fhocrmr.
kaim
Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 640 nomk | ?4,6 j fh
4 fahgths fh mbc, paomfcs jrmsm | 46,0 j fh prcthégm | ==,8 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 0,4 j fh
= ouo`mrmfatm fh ourry omrd. ghtcs.
= ouo`mrmfatm fh smksm
tmdmsoc (cpoacgmk)
oàkh shoc (cpoacgmk)
VA\2 Mýmfh ugm ouo`mrmfatm

fh phstc rcbc pmrm ug hxtrm
fh smdcr.
==6

==8
FHKAOAM O@AGM
FHKAOAM O@AGM FH
TH_ OCG DTßOCKA
4 \CTOACGH_ 4< IAGXVC_ 6< IAGXVC_
4<< j fh mrrmo`hrm⁆vmoéc
fh rhs, hg tarms ﬍gms
= Ocrtm km omrgh hg tarms ﬍gms y fhbm imragmgfc hg =
ouo`mrmfm fh smksm fh scbm, smk y paiahgtm pcr =<
4<< j fh fflcrhs fh drÿocka iagutcs (c iís).
4 ouo`mrmfms fh smksm fh
scbm, dmbm hg scfac 4 Hg ug dck phquhýc, ihzokm km ctrm ouo`mrmfm fh smksm
= ouo`mrmfm fh bhgjadrh fh scbm, hk vagmjrh, hk bhgjadrh, hk mbc y hk sthvam.
erhsoc, hg kíiagms
? Hg ugm omohrckm ocg mjum àrvahgfc y smk, àhrvh kms
fflcrhs fh drÿocka pcr 8 iagutcs c `mstm tahrgazmr.
tahrgazmr. Ouhkm
ckavm
y rhshrvm.
= ouo`mrmfatm fh vagmjrh
dkmgoc (cpoacgmk)
6 Mýmfh hk mohath m ugm smrtág c wcn m euhjc mktc y
4 fahgths fh mbc, paomfcs mjrhjm kms tarms fh daeh. Ocoagm pcr 4 iagutcs c `mstm
oàquatc quh sh fcrh, rhvuhkvh y ocgtagòm ocoagmgfc pcr 4
= ouo`mrmfm fh shiakkms fh iagutcs iís.
sásmic
Dmbm hk euhjc y mjrhjm hk drÿocka m km smrtág. Uahrth
Uahrth km
8 smksm y ihzokm dahg. Fhbm `hrvar m euhjc khgtm `mstm
ocohr fhk tcfc km omrgh.
VA\2 _a fhshms ug pkmtc iís
ocgtugfhgth, mocipmým
hstm fhkaoam ocg mrrcz fh 5 Hspckvcrhm shiakkms fh sásmic.
ockafflcr, ¡hs km ocidagmoaÿg
phrehotm!. : ¡_arvh omkahgth y fhvcrm!
Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 ?1= nomk | 48,= j fh
jrmsm | ?=,1 j fh prcthégm | =<,5 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | :,= j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
==5

==:
_MKIßG ETH_OC OCG

KAIßG
KAIß G Q TCIHTC
TCIHTC
4 ﬍khths (=48 j o⁆u) fh
smkiÿg erhsoc
= _mkpaiahgtm hk smiÿg m justc fh midcs kmfcs.
4 ouo`mrmfms fh mohath fh 4 Hg ugm pkmgo`m, omkahgtm ugm ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh
ckavm ckavm m euhjc ihfac. Ockcom kcs ﬍khths ocg km pahk `moam
4 ouo`mrmfatms fh rcihrc mrradm y ocoagm pcr 4 iagutcs `mstm fcrmr. Uckthm kcs
4 ouo`mrmfms fh bujc fh ﬍khths y ocoagm pcr 8 iagutcs iís c `mstm ocoagmr m
kaiÿg justc. Mpmjm hk euhjc.
8< j fh rmdmgatcs, hg oudcs
? Ocgfaihgtm ocg hk tciakkc y hk bujc fh kaiÿg.
8< j fh tcimth, hg oudcs
8< j fh phpagc, hg oudcs 6 Hg ug pkmtc, fhocrm hk ecgfc ocg kms `cbms vhrfhs,
tcimth, phpagc y rmdmgatcs ocrtmfcs. Oudrh ocg hk
?< j fh `cbms vhrfhs
smkiÿg.
8 Ocgfaihgtm omfm pkmtc ocg 󰀽⁆􀀴 ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh
VA\2 ³Gc th justm hk smkiÿg ckavm y smk.
ocoafc3 \rhpmrm ugcs
smsàias ocg hk smkiÿg 5 ¡_arvh bugtc m kcs hspírrmjcs smkthmfcs y faserutm!
erhsoc y vahrth hk mohath fh
ckavm pcr mrradm. Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 4:? nomk | 4<,8 j fh
jrmsm | 4<,4 j fh prcthégm | 6,4 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 4,0 j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
==0

==1
MKDßGFAJM_ HGO@AKMFM_
4 \CTOACGH_ =8 IAGXVC_ 6< IAGXVC_
MKDßGFAJM_ = \rhomkhgtmr hk `crgc m 44<¼O.
4<< j fh omrgh ickafm
󰀽⁆󰀴 paiahgtc icrrÿg rcbc 4 Hg ugm prcohsmfcrm c iaga prcohsmfcrm mjrhjm hk
icrrÿg, hk mbc y km ohdckkm. \rcohsm `mstm ecrimr ugm
󰀽⁆󰀴 ohdckkm pmstm.
oàquatc ? Hg ug dck jrmgfh, vahrth km pmstm bugtc m km omrgh
ickafm, hk paihgtÿg, hk ociagc y hk quhsc pmrihsmgc.
󰀽⁆󰀴 ouo`mrmfatm fh paihgtÿg _mkpaihgtm m justc.
󰀽⁆󰀴 ouo`mrmfatm fh ociagc
=8 j fh quhsc pmrihsmgc,
rmkkmfc
6 Omkahgtm ugm smrtág m euhjc ihfac ocg 4 ouo`mrmfms
fh mohath fh ckavm. Ocoagm kms mkdÿgfajms pcr =<
4 ouo`mrmfms fh mohath fh iagutcs, jarmgfc `mstm fcrmr tcfm km suphr﬍oah.
ckavm
_mk y paiahgtm m justc 8 Kkhvm kms mkdÿgfajms m ug rhoapahgth `cgfc pmrm `crgc
OCDHTVXTM
y oudrh ocg km smksm fh tcimth. Hspckvcrhm hk bmkmphýc
paomfc, hk quhsc iczzmrhkkm y hk quhsc pmrihsmgc.
󰀽⁆󰀴 tmzm fh smksm fh tcimth
pmrm hgoàkmfms
5 Kkhvm mk `crgc pcr =< iagutcs c `mstm fcrmr
=8 j fh quhsc iczzmrhkkm, kajhrmihgth hk quhsc.
hg `hdrms
=8 j fh quhsc pmrihsmgc, : ¡_arvh omkahgth y faserutm!
hg `hdrms
4 ouo`mrmfms fh quhsc Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 8<4 nomk | ?:,? j fh
orhim (c orhim íoafm) jrmsm | ?8,4 j fh prcthégm | 0,5 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | :,4 j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
= bmkmphýc, hg rcfmbms
phquhýms
Oakmgtrc erhsoc paomfc, pmrm
fhocrmr
VA\2 ¡\uhfhs mocipmýmr ocg

4<< j fh mrrcz fh ockafflcr!.
=4<

=4=
IC]XHOM DM@AMGM
?<< j fh ﬍khth fh phsomfc
dkmgoc (takmpam, ihrkuzm,
= _mzcgm kcs ﬍khths erhsocs ocg kaiÿg, smk y paiahgtm fh
midcs kmfcs.
khgjumfc, fcrmfc…)
󰀽⁆󰀴 paiahgtc icrrÿg rcbc, hg 4 Hg ugm smrtág m euhjc ihfac, omkahgtm = ouo`mrmfm fh
bukamgms mohath fh ckavm. Ockcom kcs ﬍khths y ocoagm fh midcs
󰀽⁆󰀴 tmzm fh kho`h fh ococ kmfcs `mstm fcrmr (6 iagutcs fh omfm kmfc). Thtarm fh
󰀽⁆󰀴 tmzm fh omkfc fh km smrtág y rhshrvm.
vhjhtmkhs
4 ouo`mrmfms fh mohath fh ? Dmbm hk euhjc y hg km iasim smrtág, mjrhjm ctrm
ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh ococ. Mýmfh hk icrrÿg y
ococ
smkthm pcr ? iagutcs. Mjrhjm hk mbc paomfc y smkthm pcr
4 ouo`mrmfms fh pmstm fh = iagutc iís.
tcimth
4 ouo`mrmfatms fh paihgtÿg 6 Uahrth hg km smrtág km kho`h fh ococ, hk omkfc fh
= ouo`mrmfatm fh ociagc vhjhtmkhs, km pmstm fh tcimths, km smksm paomgth
(cpoacgmk), hk paihgtÿg y hk ociagc. Kkhvm m euhjc
= fahgth fh mbc, paomfc
oàquatc euhrth `mstm rciphr hk `hrvcr.
Bujc fh 󰀽⁆󰀶
󰀽⁆󰀶 fh kaim Thfuoh hk euhjc y fhbm hsphsmr =< iagutcs. Mjrhjm
Mjrhjm hk
_mksm paomgth (cpoacgmk) phsomfc y ocgtagòm ocoagmgfc pcr 8 iagutcs iís.
8
VA\2 ³Vahghs ugcs omimrcghs 5 ¡_arvh bugtc m km ock rcstazmfm y faserutm!
hxtrm3 Mjrhjm
Mjrhjm hg hk
icihgtc fh `mohr km smksm Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 6<4 nomk | 41,= j fh
pmrm ugm gco`h hsphoamk. jrmsm | 4: j fh prcthégm | ==,: j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 0,6 j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
=44
MOCI\MÝMGVH_
_HIMGM
_HIM GM ?

=46
ECGFXH FH ]XH_C_
Q UHJHV
UHJHVMK
MKH_
H_
ECGFXH = Hg ugm ckkm m euhjc dmbc, fhrrath km imgthquakkm. Mýmfh
=<< j fh quhsc iczzmrhkkm, km iczzmrhkkm y hk pmrihsmgc. Ocoagm, ihzokmgfc
hg `hdrms ocgstmgthihgth
ocgstmgthihgt h pmrm gc quhimr y `mstm fhrrhtar dahg.
8< j fh quhsc pmrihsmgc,
hg `hdrms 4 Xgm vhz fhrrhtafc, mýmfh km orhim fh kho`h. Ocgtagòm
?< j fh imgthquakkm mýmfahgfc `mstm kkhjmr mk hsphscr quh jusths.
= ouo`mrmfm fh orhim fh
kho`h
? Iahgtrms, àhrvh mjum ocg smk hg ugm ckkm jrmgfh.
Mýmfh hk drÿocka, kcs rhpckkatcs y kcs rmdmgatcs y ocoagm
UHJHVMKH_ `mstm quhfmr tahrgcs. Ouhkm y rhtarm tcfm hk mjum.
8< j fh drÿocka
8< j fh rmdmgatcs 6 _arvh hk quhsc hg ug dck, mocipmým ocg hk drÿocka, kcs
rhpckkatcs, kcs rmdmgatcs y hk phpagc.
8< j fh rhpckkatcs fh
drushkm
8 ¡Faserutm!
8< j fh phpagc
Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 4:5
4:5 nomk | 4? j fh
VA\2 ³]uá tmk fmrkh ug hxtrm jrmsm | =?,5 j fh prcthégm | 5,6 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 6,5 j fh
fh smdcr y mýmfar quhsc mzuk omrd. ghtcs.
c jcrjcgzckm3 ¡Fhkaoacsc!
=48

=45
H_\ÍTTMJC_ _MKVHMFC_
4 \CTOACGH_ 8 IAGXVC_ =8 IAGXVC_
4<< j fh hspírrmjcs
ocgjhkmfcs (c ocoafcs)
= _a kcs hspírrmjcs hstíg orufcs, ocrtm kms pmrths furms
fhk tmkkc y àárvhkcs hg mjum ocg smk pcr 8 iagutcs.
ckavm 4 Omkahgtm ugm smrtág m euhjc ihfac ocg = ouo`mrmfm fh
?< j fh quhsc pmrihsmgc, mohath fh ckavm. Mjrhjm
Mjrhjm kcs hspírrmjcs y ocgfaihgtm
hg `hdrms ocg smk. Ocoagm pcr ? iagutcs fh omfm kmfc c `mstm
_mk, paiahgtm y àhrdms quhfmr tahrgcs.
(rcihrc, tciakkc) m justc

? Ho`m hk quhsc pmrihsmgc scdrh kcs hspírrmjcs y
ocoagm pcr 4 iagutcs iís m euhjc dmbatc.
VA\2 ³]uá faohs fh jrmtagmr
kcs hspírrmjcs hg hk `crgc
ocg orhim fh kho`h y 6 Ihzokm hg ug dck phquhýc, ctrm ouo`mrmfm fh mohath y
pmrihsmgc3. kms àhrdms erhsoms. Ocgfaihgtm kcs hspírrmjcs ocg hk
mohath fh àhrdms.
8 ¡_arvh bugtc mk smkiÿg erhsoc ocg kaiÿg y rcihrc y

faserutm!
Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 =00 nomk | =:,? j fh

jrmsm | : j fh prcthégm | 6,6 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 4,? j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
=4:

=40
OCK TC_VARMFM
4<< j fh ock⁆rhpckkc vhrfh = Hg ugm tmdkm, ocrtm km ock hg rhdmgmfms jrmgfhs,
= ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh agthgtmgfc gc fhsmrimrkm.
ckavm
_mk y paiahgtm m justc 4 Omkahgtm ugm smrtág c pkmgo`m jrmgfh m euhjc dmbc
ocg = ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh ckavm. Ockcom km ock y
smkpaihgtm.
VA\2 Ctrm cpoaÿg hs ocrtmr km
ock hg tarms ﬍gatms y smkthmr
Ocoagm pcr 8 iagutcs c `mstm fcrmr
fcrmr,, vckthm
`mstm
euhrmgtrmgspmrhgtmr,
trmgspmrhgtmr, ocic sa
ugcs hspmjuhtas. ? fhkaomfmihgth y vuhkvh m smkpaihgtmr
smkpaihgtmr.. Ocoagm `mstm
fcrmr y quhfmr kajhrmihgth trmgspmrhgth.
6 ¡_arvh bugtc m km icquhom dmàmgm y faserutm!

Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 08 nomk | :,= j fh
jrmsm | =,? j fh prcthégm | 8,0 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | ?,? j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
=41
\C_VTHOAVC HPVTM
_HIMGM
_HIM GM ?

=?=
VTXEEM_ FH MUH
VTX MUHKK
KKMG
MGMM
Q \A_VMO@C
6 \CTOACGH_ 4< IAGXVC_ =<< IAGXVC_
0< j fh mvhkkmgms = Hg ugm smrtág, ocoagm kms mvhkkmgms `mstm quh hipahohg
󰀽⁆󰀴 ouo`mrmfm fh omomc hg m scktmr km pahk (ouafmfc quh gc sh quhihg!).
pckvc
?8 j fh o`cockmth :<% 4 Kkhvm kms mvhkkmgms
mvhkkmgms m ug rhpmsmfcr⁆pmýc fh ocoagm y
omomc rherahjm dahg `mstm kadhrmr km pahk.
ococ ? Kkhvm kms mvhkkmgms phkmfms m ugm prcohsmfcrm y
prcohsm pcr 8 iagutcs c `mstm ocihgzmr m kadhrmr
= ouo`mrmfm fh bujc fh mohath.
gmrmgbm
vmagakkm
6 Iahgtrms, fhrrath hk o`cockmth y hk mohath fh ococ
pcr 4< shjugfcs hg hk iaorccgfms y kkhvm m km
4 scdrhoatcs fh sthvam
s thvam prcohsmfcrm. Mjrhjm hk sthvam, hk bujc fh gmrmgbm y hk
?< j fh pastmo`cs, paomfcs omomc hg pckvc. Uuhkvh m prcohsmr.
VA\2 ¡@mz ug hxtrm fh guthkkm 8 Kkhvm m ug dck `mstm hgeramr (ohrom fh ? `crms) y mrim
y thg sahiprh m imgc pmrm kms truems.
ghvhrm \msm
`mstm pcr hk pastmo`c paomfc y ocgshrvm hg km
ocgsuiar.
hsh icihgtc fh mgtcbatc!
5 ¡Faserutm!
Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 450 nomk | 46,1 j fh
jrmsm | 8 j fh prcthégm | 1,8 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 5,= j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
=?4
H I M G
_
M
6
FH_MQXGC_
Dcomfatcs fh ùhvc y jumomickh =?:
Dmtafc fh ormgdhrry =?1
Iue﬍gs fh ùhvc y phpphrcga =6=
Jrmgckm orcomgth agstmgtíghm =6?
_mkiÿg ocg ùhvc =68
Vcoagc agstmgtíghc =6:
Cihkhtth fh nmkh =61
OCIAFM_
Kmsmým fh zuooàga =84
_mkiÿg mk mbakkc =86
\mquhtatcs fh rhpckkc =85
\hsomfc m km imgthquakkm fh kaiÿg =80

H I M G
_ M
6
\ckkc orubahgth ocg hgsmkmfm fh ock =5<
Dastho mk o`mipaýcg =54
Vceu hg sásmic =56
MOCI\MÝMGVH_
Hgsmkmfm omprhsh fh mjumomth =5:
Nmkh orcomgth =51
Thpckkatcs
Thpckkat ms mfcs =:=
cs msmfcs
\C_VTHOAVC HPVTM
Jciatms fh ermiduhsm y o`cockmth =:
=:6
6

FH_MQXGC_
_HIMGM
_HIM GM 6

=?5
DCOMFAVC_ FH @XHUC
@XHUC
Q JXMOMICKH
? ùhvcs = Hg ugm ckkm phquhým, àhrvh kcs ùhvcs pcr 0 iagutcs.
󰀽⁆󰀴 mjumomth Fhbm hgeramr hg mjum ocg àhkc y quatm km oísomrm.
󰀽⁆󰀶 fh tcimth phquhýc
= ouo`mrmfatm fh bujc fh
4 Ocrtm kcs ùhvcs pcr km iatmf y ockcom kms yhims hg ug
dck phquhýc. Mýmfh mk dck hk mjumomth y pasm ocg ug
kaim c kaiÿg thghfcr bugtc m kms yhims `mstm ocidagmr. Mjrhjm hk
_mk y paihgtÿg m justc tcimth oudhthmfc
oudhthmfc y hk bujc fh kaiÿg. Ihzokm y smzcgm
ocg smk.
VA\2 ³Ocg pcoc tahipc pmrm
fhsmyugmr3 Hstcs dcomfatcs ? Uahrth ugm ouo`mrmfm fh km ihzokm scdrh kcs ùhocs
scg phrehotcs pmrm kkhvmr hg fhk ùhvc y fhocrm ocg paihgtÿg.
ug tupphr y ocihr furmgth
km imýmgm.
6 ¡Faserutm!
Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 ?11 nomk | ?4,0 j fh
jrmsm | =0,0 j fh prcthégm | =<,: j fh omrd. tctmkhs | ?,: j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
=?:

=?0
DMVAFC
DMVAFC FH OTMGDHTTQ
OTMGDHTTQ
8< j fh
ormgdhrrahs⁆mrígfmgcs
= Hg ugm prcohsmfcrm fh mkaihgtcs, ockcom tcfcs kcs
agjrhfahgths. \rcohsm `mstm ocidagmr dahg.
íoafcs
󰀽⁆󰀶 tmzm fh kho`h fh 4 \ruhdm y ocrrajh hk fukoh c mýmfh iís mjum, sa
mkihgfrms (sag mzòomr) prhoasm.
󰀽⁆󰀶 tmzm fh mjum
󰀽⁆󰀶 fh mjumomth ? ¡_arvh y fsaerutm!
= ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 48: nomk | 46,4 j fh
ococ (c mohath IOV), kéquafc jrmsm | =,4 j fh prcthégm | 0,1 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | ?,: j fh
= scdrhoatc fh sthvam omrd. ghtcs.
VA\2 ³Gc hgouhgtrms

ormgdhrrahs3 _ustatuyh pcr
mrígfmgcs mzukhs c erhsms.
=?1

=6<
IXEEAG_ FH @XHUC
Q \H\\HTCGA
4 ùhvcs = \rhomkhgtmr hk `crgc m 4<<¼O.
=< rcfmbms fh phpphrcga c
o`crazc 4 Tcoém ug ickfh pmrm iue﬍g ocg mohath fh ckavm.
4 ouo`mrmfatms fh smksm fh Ockcom = rcfmbm fh phpphrcga hg hk ecgfc fh fcs
tcimth pcoakkcs fhk iue﬍g y ockcom hk rhstc hg kcs dcrfhs.
? Tciph ug ùhvc hg hk ohgtrc fh omfm pcoakkc y oudrh
ocg smk, paiahgtm y = ouo`mrmfatm fh smksm fh tcimth.
VA\2 ³Hrhs emg fhk dmocg3
Thhipkmzm hk phpphrcga pcr
tcoagc. 6 Kkhvm hk ickfh mk `crgc pcr =8 iagutcs c `mstm kcjrmr
km ocooaÿg fhshmfm.
8 ¡_arvh bugtc m ug raoc omeá y fsaerutm!
Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 6<< nomk | ?? j fh

jrmsm | 4?,: j fh prcthégm | =,4 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | = j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
=6=

=64
JTMGCKM OTCOMGVH
AG_VMGVÍGHM
= \CTOAßG =< IAGXVC_ 6< IAGXVC_
=8 j fh imgé tcstmfc = Hg ugm smrtág m euhjc dmbc, omkahgtm hk mohath fh ococ.
= ouo`mrmfm (0 j) fh Mjrhjm hk imgé, hk jarmsck, hk ococ y km kagmzm. Ocoagm
shiakkms fh jarmsck pcr 8 iagutcs, rhvckvahgfc pmrm gc quhimr.
= ouo`mrmfm (8 j) fh ococ
shoc rmkkmfc (sag hgfukzmr) 4 Kkhvm m ug ickfh phquhýc (c ickfhoatcs fh km ecrim
= ouo`mrmfatm fh `mragm fh quh jusths) y fhbm hgeramr pcr ?< iagutcs. Ocrtm km
kagmzm jrmgckm hg oumfrmfcs c trcohm fhk tmimýc quh jusths.
= ouo`mrmfatm fh mohath fh
ococ
? ¡_arvh hk ycjurt hg ug dck y faserutm bugtc m km jrmgckm!
08 j fh ycjurt jrahjc (sag Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 45? nomk | 4?,= j fh
mzòomr) jrmsm | 0,6 j fh prcthégm | :,0 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 8,4 j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
VA\2 Mýmfh mkjugcs
mrígfmgcs pmrm ug hxtrm
mgtacxafmgths.
=6?

=66
_MKIßG OCG @XHUC

8< j fh smkiÿg mùimfc = Hg ugm ckkm, àhrvh hk ùhvc pcr 8 m 0 iagutcs (shjòg hk
= ùhvc pugtc fhshmfc). Fhbm hgeramr hg mjum ocg àhkc y rhtarm
km oísomrm.
orhim
6< j fh iméz hgmgc, ocoafc
4 Iahgtrms, omkahgtm ugm smrtág ocg 󰀽⁆􀀴 ouo`mrmfm fh
mohath fh ckavm y smkthm hk iméz hgmgc y kcs hspírrmjcs
6< j fh hspírrmjcs, pcr 8 iagutcs. _mkm m justc.
ocoafcs
󰀽⁆󰀴 ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh ? _arvh hg ug pkmtc hk smkiÿg, hk ùhvc, kcs hspírrmjcs y
ckavm hk iméz hgmgc. Mýmfh 4 ouo`mrmfms fh quhsc orhim.
\hrhbak erhsoc, pmrm fhocrmr _mkm m justc y fhocrm ocg `cbms fh phrhbak.
VA\2 ³Kcs hspírrmjcs c hk 6 ¡Faserutm!

iméz hgmgc hstíg orufcs3
Gc th prhcouphs, àárvhkcs Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 450 nomk | 4<,5 j fh
hg mjum ocg smk pcr ugcs jrmsm | =:,= j fh prcthégm | ?,1 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | ?,= j fh
iagutatcs y kastc. omrd. ghtcs.
=68

=65
VCOAGC AG_VMGVÍGHC
? tarms fh tcoagc = Hg ug pkmtc mptc pmrm iaorccgfms, ockcom fcs pmphk
6 `cbms fh pmphk fh ocoagm tcmkkm⁆fh ocoagm, kms tarms fh dmocg y fcs pmphkhs
hgoaim.
VA\2 ³Ums m ocoagmr iís
tarms3 Hk tahipc sh omkoukm 4 Omkahgtm pcr 4 iagutcs. Thtarm hk pmphk fh mrradm.
ocic = iagutc pcr omfm
ugm. ? Uuhkv
Uuhkvh
h m kkhvmr mk iaorccgfms pcr = iagutc iís.
6 ¡Faserutm!
Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 ?<0 nomk | 4?,0 j fh
jrmsm | 4=,= j fh prcthégm | <,0 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | <,0 j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
=6:

=60
CIHKHVVH FH NMKH
CIHKHVVH = Hg ug dck, dmth kcs ùhvcs bugtc m km orhim fh kho`h y
4 ùhvcs smkm m justc.
4 ouo`mrmfms fh orhim fh
kho`h 4 Omkahgtm ugm smrtág m euhjc ihfac ocg mohath fh ococ
y vahrth hk ùhvc dmtafc. Ocoagm pcr 4 iagutcs ocg km
smrtág tmpmfm y hspckvcrhm hk pmrihsmgc. Uckthm
Uckthm hk
pmrihsmgc, rmkkmfc shoc
cihkhtth y dmbm hk euhjc m iégaic.
󰀽⁆󰀴 ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh
ococ
? Thkkhgm km iatmf ocg nmkh, tcimth, phpagc y
_mk y paiahgtm m justc o`mipajgcghs. Oahrrm y ocgtagòm ocoagmgfc pcr 4
THKKHGC iagutcs.
?< j fh nmkh erhsoc c
hspagmoms 6 ¡_arvh omkhgtatc y faserutm!
󰀽⁆󰀶 fh phpagc, hg rcfmbms Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 ?0? nomk | ?= j fh
󰀽⁆󰀶 fh tcimth phquhýc, hg jrmsm | =1,6 j fh prcthégm | 0,1 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | :,5 j fh
rcfmbms omrd. ghtcs.
48 j fh o`mipaýcghs c
pcrtcdhkkcs, ocrtmfcs
VA\2 ³Gc th justm hstm

cpoaÿg vhjhtmramgm3 \ruhdm
hgtcgohs ug okísaoc fh
bmiÿg y quhsc.
=61
OCIAFM_
_HIMGM
_HIM GM 6

=8=
KM_MÝM FH RXOO@AGA
RXOO@AGA
4 \CTOACGH_ 4< IAGXVC_ 88 IAGXVC_
4 zuooàga⁆omkmdmoéghs
ihfamgcs
= Ocrtm kcs zuooàga vhrtaomkihgth
vhrtaomkihgth hg tarms ﬍gms. Kkhvm m
ugm suphr﬍oah kaipam y hspckvcrhm smk pcr hgoaim pmrm
=8< j fh omrgh ickafm quh sufhg hk mjum. Fábmkcs rhpcsmr pcr =< iagutcs.
󰀽⁆󰀶 tmzm fh smksm fh tcimth
?< j fh quhsc iczzmrhkkm,
4 Iahgtrms, omkahgtm hk mohath fh ckavm hg ugm smrtág
m euhjc ihfac. Mjrhjm
Mjrhjm hk mbc y mk iagutc mjrhjm km
hg `hdrms
omrgh ickafm. Ocoagm pcr 8 iagutcs, rhvckvahgfc
rhvckvahgfc
rmkkmfc shoc ocgstmgthihgth.
= ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh ? Mjrhjm km smksm fh tcimth hg km omrgh y ocgfaihgtm m
ckavm justc ocg smk y paiahgtm. Mpmjm
Mpmjm hk euhjc ugm vhz quh
4 fahgths fh mbc, paomfcs hgtrm hg `hrvcr.
﬍gatc
_mk y paiahgtm m justc 6 \rhomkhgtmr hk `crgc m =0<¼O. Ocg tcmkkms fh pmphk,
hxpraih kcs zuooàgas, rhtarmgfc hk mjum.
VA\2 Hg vhz fh zuooàga,
pruhdm ocg `cbms fh rhpckkc 8 Hg ugm euhgth fh `crgc phquhým (=8 oi x =8 oi),
jrmgfhs pmsmfms pcr mjum!. ockcom 󰀽⁆󰀿 fh kms tarms fh zuooàgas. Oudrh ocg km iatmf
fh km omrgh y hspckvcrhm ug pcoc fh quhsc. Thpath
ocg hk shjugfc throac fh kcs zuooàgas, km ctrm iatmf
fh omrgh y ug pcoc iís fh quhsc. Vhriagm
Vhriagm ocg ugm
òktaim omimfm fh zuooàga y quhsc.
5 Kkhvm km euhgth mk `crgc pcr 4< iagutcs. Kuhjc kkhvm hk

`crgc m euhjc euhrth (sa hs hk msmfcr, ihbcr) y ocoagm
pcr 8 iaguycs iís c `mstm fcrmr hk quhsc. Fhbm hgeramr
=< iagutcs mgths fh shrvar.
: ¡_arvh y faserutm!
Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 ?5< nomk | 46,? j fh
jrmsm | 40,: j fh prcthégm | 0,? j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 5 j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
=84

=8?
_MKIßG
_MKIß G MK MB
MBAKKC
AKKC
smkiÿg erhsoc
= _mkpaiahgtm kcs ﬍khths fh smkiÿg fh midcs kmfcs.
4 ouo`mrmfms (?< j) fh 4 Hg ugm pkmgo`m m euhjc ihfac, fhrrath ihfam
imgthquakkm ouo`mrmfm fh imgthquakkm. Ockcom kcs ﬍khths ocg km pahk
? fahgths fh mbc, ocrtmfcs `moam mrradm y ocoagm pcr ? iagutcs c `mstm fcrmr.
fcrmr. Dmbm
﬍gatc hk euhjc, vckthm kcs ﬍khths y ocoagm pcr : iagutcs iís
?< j fh hspagmoms erhsoms c `mstm ocoagmr mk pugtc fhshmfc.
4 jmbcs fh kaiÿg
? Iahgtrms, ockcom hg ugm ckkm phquhým m euhjc dmbc
_mk y paiahgtm m justc hk rhstmgth fh km imgthquakkm y kcs mbcs. Ocoagm `mstm
fcrmr kajhrmihgth
kajhrmihgth..
VA\2 Mocipmým ocg macka
(imycghsm ocg mbc) pmrm ug 6 Fhocrm kcs pkmtcs ocg ug ocko`ÿg fh hspagmoms erhsoms
hxtrm fh smdcr. y ug jmbc fh kaiÿg. Ockcom kcs ﬍khths fh smkiÿg y
vahrth km imgthquakkm fh mbc.
8 ¡_arvh bugtc m km hgsmkmfm omprhsh fh mjumomth y

faserutm!
Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 4:1 nomk | =1,? j fh

jrmsm | 48,4 j fh prcthégm | 4,: j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 4,= j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
=86

=88
\M]XHVAVC_
FH TH\CKKC
=8< j fh omrgh ickafm = \rhomkhgtmr hk `crgc m 4<<¼O.
5 `cbms jrmgfhs fh rhpckkc
=<< j fh smksm fh tcimth 4 Hg ugm ckkm ocg mjum àrvahgfc, ocoagm kms `cbms fh
rhpckkc pcr 8 iagutcs c `mstm quhfmr trmgskòoafms.
8< j fh fflcrhs fh ockafflcr, Thshrvm `mstm hgeramr kc su﬍oahgth pmrm imghbmr.
`ho`c mrrcz
󰀽⁆󰀴 ohdckkm, paomfm ? Iahgtrms, omkahgtm ugm smrtág m euhjc ihfac ocg mohath
4 fahgths fh mbc, paomfcs fh ckavm. _ceréh km ohdckkm `mstm quhfmr trmgspmrhgth,
mýmfh hk mbc y ocoagm pcr = iagutc iís.
ckavm
?< j fh hspagmom erhsom
6 Mjrhjm km omrgh ickafm y km ockafflcr m km smrtág y ocoagm
`mstm fcrmr km omrgh. Ocgfaihgtm ocg smk y paiahgtm.
_mk, paiahgtm y paihgtÿg m
justc 8 Vcim ugm `cbm fh rhpckkc, rhkkhgm ocg km omrgh ickafm
hg hk ohgtrc y hgrckkm, ecrimgfc ug pmquhth phquhýc.
VA\2 Mýmfh 4 ouo`mrmfms fh Thpath y kkhvm kcs rckkatcs m ugm dmgfhbm pmrm `crgc.
pmrihsmgc rmkkmfc pmrm ug
kagfc jrmtagmfc. 5 Oudrh ocg smksm fh tcimth y kkhvm mk `crgc pcr 4<
iagutcs c `mstm quh km smksm hstá durdubhmgth.
: ¡_arvh hg ug pkmtc bugtc m km hspagmom erhsom y faserutm!

Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 ?=0 nomk | 4<,8 j fh
jrmsm | 4?,? j fh prcthégm | =4 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | :,5 j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
=85

=8:
\H_OMFC
\H_OM FC M KM
IMGVH]XAKKM FH KA
KAIßG
IßG
phsomfc dkmgoc
= _hom kcs ﬍khths fh phsomfc ocg tcmkkms fh pmphk.
_mkpaihgtm m justc fh midcs kmfcs y pmsm pcr km
4 ouo`mrmfms fh `mragm fh `mragm fh ococ.
ococ
= ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh 4 Omkahgtm ugm smrtág m euhjc ihfac ocg hk mohath fh
ckavm ckavm. Mjrhjm
Mjrhjm kcs ﬍khths fh phsomfc y ocoagm pcr 8
_mk y paiahgtm m justc iagutcs fh omfm kmfc, `mstm fcrmr y fhbmr kcs dcrfhs
orubahgths.
_MK_M
?< j fh imgthquakkm ? Iahgtrms, fhrrath km imgthquakkm hg ugm ckkm phquhým m
Bujc fh 󰀽⁆󰀴 kaim euhjc dmbc y fhbm ocoagmr `mstm fcrmr.
= ouo`mrmfatm fh smksm
paomgth vhrfh 6 Kkhvm km imgthquakkm
imgthquakkm m ug dck, ﬍ktrmgfc km hspuim y kcs
phfmoatcs quhimfcs. Mýmfh hk bujc fh kaim, km smksm
= ouo`mrmfm fh hghkfc paomgth y hk hghkfc paomfc.
erhsoc, paomfc
VA\2 _a hrhs emgítaom fhk mbc, _arvh hk phsomfc hg ug pkmtc y vahrth km fhkaoacsm
8 imgthquakkm fh kaiÿg pcr hgoaim.
mýmfh mbc paomfc erhsoc m km
imgthquakkm ug iagutc mgths
fh rhtarmrkm. 5 ¡Faserutm bugtc m ugm fhkaoacsm nmkh orcomgth!
Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 668 nomk | 41,5 j fh
jrmsm | ??,4 j fh prcthégm | ==,6 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 8 j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
=80

=81
\CKKC OTXBAHGVH
OTXBAHGVH OCG
HG_MKMFM FH OCK
4 \CTOACGH_ 4< IAGXVC_ ?< IAGXVC_
4<< j fh phoùjms fh
pckkc, ocrtmfms hg tarms
= Dmth kcs ùhvcs hg ug pkmtc `cgfc, smkpaihgtm y vuhkvh
m dmtar. Hg ctrc pkmtc, ihzokm km `mragm fh mkihgfrms y
?< j fh `mragm fh hk quhsc pmrihsmgc.
mkihgfrms
?< j fh quhsc pmrihsmgc, 4 \msm kms tarms fh pckkc pcr hk ùhvc y kuhjc pcr km
rmkkmfc `mragm. Mpkmstm dahg pmrm oudrar tcfm km phoùjm.
4 ùhvcs Thpath `mstm thriagmr ocg tcfms kms tarms.
? ouo`mrmfms fh mohath fh
ckavm
? Omkahgtm ugm smrtág m euhjc dmbc ocg ? ouo`mrmfms fh
mohath fh ckavm. Ocoagm kms phoùjms `ho`ms iakmghsm
_mk y paiahgtm m justc pcr 8 iagutcs c `mstm fcrmr,
fcrmr, fm vuhktm y ocoagm pcr
HG_MKMFM FH OCK 8 iagutcs iís. Ocrtm ugm mk ihfac pmrm vhra﬍omr quh
4<< j fh rhpckkc⁆ock, hstá dahg ocoafm pcr mfhgtrc.
ocrtmfc hg bukamgms
= y 󰀽⁆󰀴 ouo`mrmfm fh
6 Ocrtm hk rhpckkc hg tarms ﬍gms. Mjrhjm
Mjrhjm m ug dck y
ocgfaihgtm ocg km imycghsm y km icstmzm. Ihzokm
imycghsm
󰀽⁆󰀴 ouo`mrmfatm fh icstmzm dahg `mstm hipmpmr tcfm km ock.
fh fabcg
8 _arvh kms tarms fh pckkc orubahgth bugtc m km hgsmkmfm fh
ock y ¡faserutm!.
VA\2 ³Gc tahghs `mragm fh
mkihgfrms m imgc3 Xtakazm Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 80= nomk | 66,0 j fh
`mragm fh kagmzm, quhfmg jrmsm | ?:,1 j fh prcthégm | 0,1 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 8,8 j fh
tmgtc c iís orubahgths.
omrd. ghtcs.
=5<

=5=
DA_VHO MK
DA_VHO
O@MI\AÝCG
4 \CTOACGH_ =8 IAGXVC_ ?< IAGXVC_
4<< j fh ﬍khth fh rhs (c
iís sa tahgh jrmsm c ùhsc)
= Hg ugm smrtág jrmgfh m euhjc ihfac, fhrrath km
imgthquakkm. Mjrhjm
Mjrhjm km ohdckkm y kcs o`mipaýcghs
=<< j fh o`mipaýcghs c y ocoagm pcr 8 iagutcs. Mjrhjm
Mjrhjm hk mbc y hk tciakkc y
pcrtcdhkkcs, hg rcfmbms ocoagm pcr 4 iagutcs iís c `mstm quhfmr ermjmgth.
󰀽⁆󰀴 ohdckkm, hg bukamgms Vrmgs﬍hrh m ug dck y rhshrvm.
4 fahgths fh mbc
󰀽⁆󰀴 tmzm fh omkfc fh omrgh c
4 _mkpaihgtm kcs ﬍khths. Hg km iasim smrtág, mýmfh hk
mohath fh ckavm y ocoagm kcs ﬍khths pcr 8 iagutcs fh
vhjhtmkhs
omfm kmfc (c `mstm quhfmr mk pugtc fhshmfc).
󰀽⁆󰀶 tmzm fh orhim fh kho`h
4 ouo`mrmfms fh ? Mjrhjm kcs o`mipaýcghs, km orhim fh kho`h y hk omkfc
imgthquakkm fh omrgh m km smrtág ocg mk omrgh. Muihgtm
Muihgtm hk euhjc
= ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh pmrm quh hgtrh hg `hrvcr y fhbm ocoagmgfc pcr 8
ckavm iagutcs iís.
= ouo`mrmfm fh tciakkc
erhsoc 6 ¡_arvh bugtc m kcs rhpckkatcs msmfcs y faserutm!
_mk y paiahgtm m justc Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 641 nomk | ?<,5 j fh
jrmsm | ??,= j fh prcthégm | 8,1 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 6,8 j fh
VA\2 Mýmfh 󰀽⁆󰀶 fh tmzm fh omrd. ghtcs.
vagc tagtc shoc pmrm ug hxtrm
fh smdcr, fh pmsc hk vagc hs
phrehotc pmrm mocipmýmr
hsth pkmtc!.
=54

=5?
VCEX HG _Á_MIC
48< j fh tceu ﬍rih = _a hk tceu tcfmvém tahgh mjum (gc hstí prhgsmfc), fhbm
4<< j fh zuooàga⁆omkmdmoég hsourrar hk mjum ockcomgfc mkjc phsmfc scdrh ák.
ckavm 4 Iahgtrms, ocrtm kcs zuooàgas hg jmbcs y hspckvcrhm smk,
fhbm sufmgfc pcr =< iagutcs mgths fh kmvmr y hsourrar.
?< j fh shiakkms fh sásmic
Bujc fh 󰀽⁆󰀴 kaim ? Ockcom kms shiakkms fh sásmic scdrh ug pkmtc kkmgc.
= ouo`mrmfm fh phrhbak Ocrtmr
erhsoc, pmrm fhocrmr
fhocrmr sásmichk`mstm
tceu hg rcfmbms y prhsacgm dahg scdrh hk
oudrar.
_mk, oàkh shoc y paihgtÿg m
justc 6 Hg ugm smrtág m euhjc dmbc ocg = ouo`mrmfm fh mohath
fh ckavm, ocoagm hk tceu pcr 8 iagutcs fh omfm kmfc c
`mstm fcrmr.
VA\2 Thipkmzm hk zuooàga
pcr dhrhgbhgm c phpagc, sa
fhshms omidamr fh vhjhtmk. 8 Hg ctrm smrtág m euhjc ihfac, omkahgtm ctrm ouo`mrmfm
fh mohath fh ckavm. Mjrhjm
Mjrhjm ocg ouafmfc kcs zuooàgas
hsourrafcs y ocgfaihgtm ocg smk, oàkh shoc y
paihgtÿg.
5 ¡Fhocrm ocg oakmgtrc y jmbcs fh kaim y faserutm!

Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 ?=8 nomk | 4: j fh
jrmsm | =6,? j fh prcthégm | =<,8 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 5,= j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
=56
MOCI\MÝMGVH_
_HIMGM
_HIM GM 6

=55
HG_MKMFM OM\TH_H
FH MJXMOM
MJXMOMVH
VH
4 \CTOACGH_ =4 IAGXVC_ =4 IAGXVC_
8< j fh ròoukm erhsom = Kmvm y shom dahg kms `cbms erhsoms. Ockcom hg ug dck
48 j fh mkdm`mom erhsom ihfamgc.
8< j fh tcimths o`hrry,
ocrtmfcs pcr km iatmf 4 Mjrhjm kcs tcimths, km iczzmrhkkm y hk mjumomth.
8< j fh iczzmrhkkm,
i czzmrhkkm, ocrtmfm Ocgfaihgtm ocg mohath fh ckavm, mohtc dmksíiaoc y
hg oudrcs ? pmrihsmgc rmkkmfc (sa vms m ocgsuiar sÿkc km iatmf,
󰀽⁆󰀴 mjumomth, ocrtmfc hg ocgfaihgtm km iatmf fh km hgsmkmfm).
oudcs
= ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh 6 ¡_arvh bugtc mk smkiÿg mk mbakkc y faserutm!
ckavm
= ouo`mrmfatm fh mohtc Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 4=4 nomk | =1,6 j fh
dmksíiaoc jrmsm | 8,0 j fh prcthégm | : j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 4,0 j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
= ouo`mrmfm fh pmrihsmgc,
rmkkmfc
VA\2 Ockcom bujc fh kaiÿg

hg km iatmf quh rhshrvms
pmrm hk fém sajuahgth, pmrm
myufmr m gc csourhohr hk
mjumomth.
=5:

=50
NMKH OTCOMGVH
=<< j fh nmkh⁆ock razmfm
erhsom
= Kmvm y shom dahg km nmkh y rhtarm kms `cbms fh sus tmkkcs.
Ocrtm hg trczcs ihfamgcs.
=8 j fh mkihgfrms c
paýcghs, paomfcs 4 Omkahgtm ugm smrtág m euhjc dmbm ocg mohath fh ckavm.
4 fahgths fh mbc Mjrhjm km nmkh y ugm ouo`mrmfm fh mjum (pmrm orhmr
vmpcr). Oudrh y ocoagm pcr 8 iagutcs.
ckavm
Mjrhjm mkihgfrms c paýcghs, oàkh paomgth y smk.
? Ocgtagòm ocoagmgfc pcr 8 iagutcs iís c `mstm
VA\2 C mims u cfams km nmkh, tahrgazmr.
³hstís hg hk shjugfc jrupc3
Hgtcgohs sustatuyh pcr
hspagmom c mohkjm erhsom. 6 ¡_arvh bugtc mk phsomfc m km imgthquakkm fh kaiÿg y
faserutm!
Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 =48 nomk | =<,0 j fh

jrmsm | 4,1 j fh prcthégm | 5,? j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 6,: j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
=51

=:<
TH\CKKAVC_ M_MFC_
4<< j fh rhpckkatcs fh
drushkm, ocrtmfcs m km
iatmf
4 Hg ug dck, mjrhjm kcs rhpckkatcs fh drushkm y
= ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh ocgfaihgtm ocg hk mohath fh ckavm, mohtc dmksíiaoc,
ckavm pmrihsmgc, smk y paiahgtm. Ihzokm `mstm hipmpmr
= ouo`mrmfatm fh mohtc dahg.
dmksíiaoc
4 fahgths fh mbc, paomfcs Hg ugm dmgfhbm pmrm `crgc oudahrtm ocg pmphk
? imgthom⁆phrj
imgthom⁆phrjmiagc,
miagc, mjrhjm kcs rhpckkatcs fh drushkm y
hxtaágfhkcs scdrh km dmgfhbm.
rmkkmfc
6 Kkhvm mk `crgc pcr 4< iagutcs c `mstm fcrmr y quhfmr
ocoafcs.
VA\2 ³Vahghs àbcs y quahrhs
hsocgfhr ug pcoc hk smdcr3
Mýmfh ugm duhgm omgtafmf
8 ¡_arvh bugtc m kcs dastho mk o`mipaýcg y faserutm!
fh orhim fh kho`h y iís Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 =85 nomk | =<,5 j fh
quhsc rmkkmfc, ¡`mstm hkkcs jrmsm | 0,6 j fh prcthégm | =<,5 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 5,0 j fh
sh oùpmríg kcs fhfcs!.
omrd. ghtcs.
=:=
\C_VTHOAVC HPVTM
_HIMGM
_HIM GM 6

=:?
JCIAVM_ FH ETMIDXH_M
Q O@COCKMVH
? ouo`mrmfms fh jhkmtagm
hg pckvc, sag smdcr
= Ihzokm km jhkmtagm ocg hk mjum y fhbm rhpcsmr pcr 8
iagutcs. Omkahgtm hg hk iaorccgfms pcr ?< shjugfcs.
=<< j fh ermiduhsms _a gc thriagÿ fh fasckvhr
fasckvhr,, omkahgtm ugcs shjugfcs iís.
erhsoms
1< iK fh mjum \rcohsm kms ermiduhsms y ockcom km iatmf hg ugm ckkm
8< j fh o`cockmth
o `cockmth :<% 4 ocg km jhkmtagm. Omkahgtm y ihzokm `mstm ocidagmr.
Thtarm fhk euhjc y mjrhjm kms ermiduhsms rhstmgths.
omomc
? Uahrth km jhkmtagm hg ickfhs fh sakaocgm (c hg oudhrms
fh àhkc!). Fhbm rhpcsmr hg km ghvhrm pcr = `crm c `mstm
VA\2 ³Vh justmg kms jciatms hgfurhohr. Fhsickfm.
íoafms3 Ockcom ug pcoc fh
íoafc oétraoc m km ihzokm
pmrm ug hxtrm fh moafhz. 6 Fhrrath hk o`cockmth hg hk iaorccgfms (fh m agthrvmkcs
fh 4< shjugfcs) y oudrh dahg kms jhkmtagms pcr hk
o`cockmth. Uh
Uh ockcomgfc scdrh ugm tmdkm c pmphk
imgthom.
8 Kkhvm m km ghvhrm guhvmihgth `mstm hgfurhohr hk

o`cockmth y faserutmrkms.
Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 =<4 nomk | 8,4 j fh

jrmsm | :,0 j fh prcthégm | :,? j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 8 j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
=:6
H I M G
_
M
8
FH_MQXGC_
_icctàh fh o`cockmth =:0
@uhvc ocg tcoagc =0<
OCIAFM_
cs fh omrgh ocg emrcem =0?
\msthkatcs
\msthkat
\hoùjm rhkkhgm ihfathrríghm =08
MOCI\MÝMGVH_
Tmdmgatcs smkthmfcs =00
\C_VTHOAVC HPVTM
Icussh fh imgfmragm y kaim =1=

FH_MQXGC_
_HIMGM
_HIM GM 8

=::
_ICCV@AH FH
O@COCKMVH
􀀿⁆󰀶 tmzm fh kho`h fh
= Hg ugm kaoumfcrm c prcohsmfcrm fh mkaihgtcs, ockcom
tcfcs kcs agjrhfahgths. \uksm y kaoòm `mstm ocidagmr
󰀽⁆󰀶 tmzm fh orhim fh kho`h dahg.
=8 j fh hspagmom erhsom c
nmkh \ruhdm y ocrrajh hk fukoh.
󰀽⁆󰀴 mjumomth 4 ¡_arvh hg ug vmsc ocg àhkc y faserutm!
?
= ouo`mrmfm fh omomc hg
pckvc (sag mzòomr) Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 ?8? nomk | ?6,= j fh
= scdrhoatc fh sthvam jrmsm | 6,5 j fh prcthégm | =6,4 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 6,0 j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
VA\2 Mýmfh mpac pmrm ug
hxtrm fh gutrahgths (¡y
smdcr!).
=:0

=:1
@XHUC OCG VCOAGC

= ùhvc = Omkahgtm ugm smrtág m euhjc ihfac y ockcom hk tcoagc.
= tarm fh tcoagc Ocoagm fh midcs kmfcs `mstm fcrmr. Thtarm y rhshrvm hg
󰀽⁆󰀶 fh mjumomth, ocrtmfc hg
ug pkmtc ocg pmphk fh ocoagm.
tarms
?< j fh quhsc (hiihgtmk c
4 Hg km iasim smrtág, eréh hk ùhvc, ocgfaihgtmgfc ocg
smk y paiahgtm, `mstm hk pugtc quh jusths.
iczzmrhkkm)
=8 j fh ròoukm c `cbms _arvh hg ug pkmtc hk ùhvc eratc, hk tcoagc, hk mjumomth

vhrfhs ? ocrtmfc hg tarms y km ròoukm.
VA\2 Omidam hk dmocg pcr

bmiÿg ocoafc gmturmk
gmturmk y
6 ¡Faserutm bugtc m ug fhkaoacsc omeá!
prhpmrm ugcs fhkaoacscs Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 ?:1 nomk | ?<,0 j fh
mrrckkmfatcs bugtc mk quhsc. jrmsm | 44,8 j fh prcthégm | 8,8 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | =,1 j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
=0<
OCIAFM_
_HIMGM
_HIM GM 8

=04
\M_VHKAVC_ FH OMTGH
OCG EMTCEM
TAGFH
4 \CTOACGH_
VAHI\C FH \TH\.
=< IAGXVC_
VAHI\C VCVMK
6< IAGXVC_
4<< j fh omrgh ickafm = \rhomkhgtmr hk `crgc m 4<<¼O.
󰀽⁆󰀴 ohdckkm, ocrtmfm jrmgfh
󰀽⁆󰀴 paiahgtc icrrÿg rcbc, 4 Hg ug dck phquhýc, mjrhjm kcs agjrhfahgths fh km
ocrtmfc jrmgfh emrcem2 `mragm fh mkihgfrms, tcoagc paomfc, pmrihsmgc
y imgthquakkm.
= ùhvc ? Hg ctrc dck, ihzokm tcfcs kcs agjrhfahgths fhk pmsthk
_mk, paiahgtm, ociagc y fh omrgh. Ocgfaihgtm m justc ocg smk, paiahgtm,
paihgtÿg m justc ociagc y paihgtÿg. Ihzokm `mstm ocidagmr.
EMTCEM
4 ouo`mrmfms fh `mragm fh
6 Oudrh 6 pcoakkcs fh ug ickfh pmrm iue﬍g ocg pmphk
imgthom⁆phrjmiagc y favafh km ihzokm fh omrgh hgtrh
imgthom⁆phrjmiagc
mkihgfrms
kcs pcoakkcs. Hspckvcrhm km emrcem pcr mrradm y oudrh ocg
4 tarms fh tcoagc, ocrtmfms pmphk fh mkuiagac.
dahg oàquatc
?< j fh quhsc pmrihsmgc 8 Kkhvm mk `crgc pcr 4< iagutcs, kuhjc quatm hk pmphk fh
rmkkmfc mkuiagac y kkhvm mk `crgc pcr ctrcs =< iagutcs c `mstm
= ouo`mrmfm fh fcrmr km emrcem.
imgthquakkm, fhrrhtafm
5 ¡_arvh bugtc m ugcs rmdmgatcs smkthmfcs y faserutm!
VA\2 ³Gc tahghs ickfh
pmrm iu﬍g3 Ocoagm kms Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 88< nomk | ?0,8 j fh
mkdÿgfajms hg ugm smrtág y jrmsm | 6?,4 j fh prcthégm | 5,: j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 8,6 j fh
km emrcem `mstm fcrmr hg ugm omrd. ghtcs.
smrtág mpmrth. _arvh bugtc.
=0?

=06
\HO@XJM THKKHGM
IHFAVHTTÍGHM
TAGFH
= \CTOAßG
VAHI\C FH \TH\.
8 IAGXVC_
VAHI\C VCVMK
6< IAGXVC_
= phoùjm fh pckkc
phquhým (=<< j)
= tarm fh tcoagc, ocrtmfc hg 4 _mkpaihgtm dahg km phoùjm fh pckkc y kkávmkm m ugm
tarms phquhýms dmgfhbm pmrm `crgc oudahrtm ocg pmphk fh mkuiagac.
8< j fh quhsc iczzmrhkkm, @mz phquhýms mdhrturms scdrh km phoùjm y rhkkhgm

ocrtmfc hg tarms phquhýms ? omfm ugm ocg ug pcoc fh tcoagc, iczzmrhkkm y
= bmkmphýc, hg rcfmbms
bmkmphýc.
8< j fh tcimths atmkamgcs
8< j fh `cbms vhrfhs erhsoms 6 Kkhvm mk `crgc pcr 48 iagutcs, rhtarm km dmgfhbm y
= ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh ockcom kcs tcimths fh kmfc. Uuhkvh
Uuhkvh m kkhvmr mk `crgc
ckavm pcr =< iagutcs iís.
8 _arvh km phoùjm y mocipmým ocg kms `cbms vhrfhs y
kcs tcimths msmfcs. Ocgfaihgtm kms `cbms ocg ugm
VA\2 ¡Thouhrfm quh tahghs ouo`mrmfm fh mohath fh ckavm, smk y paiahgtm.
ugm ògaom
fcdkh pcroaÿg,
pcroaÿg pmrmkms
fupkaom
omgtafmfhs! 5 ¡Faserutm!
Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 8<1 nomk | ?5 j fh
jrmsm | 6<,5 j fh prcthégm | 8,1 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | 6,1 j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
=08
MOCI\MÝMGVH_
_HIMGM
_HIM GM 8

=0:
TMDMGAVC_ _MKVHMFC_
4<< j fh rmdmgatcs,
ocrtmfcs pcr km iatmf
= Hg ug dck, ihzokm dahg kcs rmdmgatcs ocrtmfcs, hk mohath
fh ckavm, hk mohtc dmksíiaoc y smkpaiahgtm m justc.
ckavm 4 Kkhvm kcs rmdmgatcs m ugm smrtág m euhjc ihfac y
= ouo`mrmfatm fh mohtc ocoagm, ihzokmgfc comsacgmkihgth, pcr =8 iagutcs c
dmksíiaoc `mstm ocohr y fcrmr.
¡_arvh bugtc m kcs pmsthkatcs fh omrgh ocg emrcem y
? faserutm!
VA\2 ¡Mocipmým ocg paýcghs
c mkihgfrms pmrm ug orugo`
Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 :: nomk | :,= j fh jrmsm
hxtrm!.
| <,: j fh prcthégm | ?,6 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | =,0 j fh omrd.
ghtcs.
=00
\C_VTHOAVC HPVTM
_HIMGM
_HIM GM 8

=1<
ICX__H FH
IMGFMTAGM
IMG FMTAGM Q KAIM
TAGFH
4 \CTOACGH_
VAHI\C FH \TH\.
=< IAGXVC_
VAHI\C VCVMK
=< IAGXVC_
= tmzm fh orhim fh kho`h = Hg ug dck jrmgfh, dmth km orhim fh kho`h⁆gmtm ocg km
0< j fh quhsc imsomrpcgh sthvam `mstm pugtc o`mgtakky
o`mgtakky.. Mjrhjm hk imsomrpcgh y
􀀿⁆󰀶 fh ugm imgfmracm
vuhkvh m ihzokmr.
Bujc fh 󰀽⁆󰀴 kaim \aom ihfam imgfmragm. Mjrhjm
Mjrhjm mk dck bugtc mk bujc fh
4 scdrhoatcs fh sthvam
s thvam 4 kaim y vuhkvh m ihzokmr. \ruhdm y ocrrajh hk fukoh.
VA\2 Kkhvm m km ghvhrm pcr 46 ? ¡_arvh hg fcs ocpms, fhocrm ocg hk rhstmgth fh km
`crms pmrm shrvar dahg eréc y imgfmragm y faserutm!
ocg ugm ocgsasthgoam iís
fhgsm. Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 40< nomk | 48,6 j fh
jrmsm | 5,4 j fh prcthégm | 0,0 j fh omrd. tctmkhs | :,0 j fh
omrd. ghtcs.
=1=
󰂳OCG @MIDTH FH IÍ_3

¡Gc th iís
fhsoudrar pahrfms ugm rhohtm!
rhohtms, _éjuhih
tutcramkhs hg kms rhfhs
y gcvhfmfhs scdrhpmrm
km fahtm
nhtc2
󰂳VAHGH_ MKJXGM FXFM3 H_OTÉDHIH2

ocgtmotcLnhtckaoams.oci

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MUA_C FH HPHGOAßG FH TH_\CG_MDAKAFMF

Mugquh hk mutcr `m `ho`c tcfc kc

Ncst \udkas`agj KKO © 4<4= ∔ Vcfcs kcs fhrho`cs rhshrvmfcs.

Oÿic shjuar kms rhohtms........................................ 5

<4 _HIMGM 4 .......................................... 8?

Fhsmyugcs ........................................................... =: =:55

󰂳THOHVM_ _AI\KH_3 _É… 󰂭\HTC

Hg hsth kadrc thyprhshgtc

iuktapkaomr km omgtafmf fh omfm agjrhfahgth pcr hk

Kms ociafms y kcs mocipmýmgths ragfhg 4 pcroacghs,

(quh pcr kc jhghrmk gc hs prcohsmfm pcr hk ouhrpc).

󰂳]XAHTH_ MOHKHTMT VX_ TH_XK

Rccfkhs ocg omimrcghs 64

6 ¡_arvh y faserutm ocg ug raoc omeá!

BXJC UHTFH FHVC

vmagakkm quh km o`ém mdscrdm km kho`h fh mkihgfrms.

VA\2 ³Gc th justm km kho`h

󰀽⁆󰀴 tcimth phquhýc c phratm ohdckkm.

VA\2 ¡Mocipmým hstcs tmocs 8 ¡Faserutm!

4 ouo`mrmfms (48 j) fh Uahrth km orhim hg km smrtág, bugtc ocg hk mbc, hk

VA\2 ³]uahrhs fmrkh ug smdcr

ckavm \cr iahgtrms, omkahgtm ctrm smrtág m euhjc ihfac ocg =

VA\2 _ustatuyh hk mjum pcr

VA\ 2 Mýmfh 󰀽⁆􀀴

Jmo`ms fh ococ y o`cockmth 5=

QCJXTV OCG OTCOMGVH

VA\2 ³Gc ocgsajuhs ycjurt

DXFÉG FH O@ÉM OCG

VA\2 ³]uahrhs fmrkh tu tcquh

󰀽⁆󰀴 paiahgtc icrrÿg rcbc, hg

= `uhvc Mýmfh km iczzmrhkkm, hk pmrihsmgc, hk `uhvc, km `mragm

DAEH FH TH_ OCG

= fahgth fh mbc imgthquakkm, hk mbc y smkpaihgtm m justc.

VA\2 ³Gc th hgomgtm km 6 ¡_arvh hg ug pkmtc pmrm shrvar

VA\2 Mgths fh vhrthr km ? Eagmkihgth, mjrhjm km rmkkmfurm fh kaiÿg y ocgtagòm

Fhkaoam o`agm fh rhs ocg drÿocka ==5

\aihgtÿg, smk y paiahgtm m Ocgfaihgtm ocg iís smk, paiahgtm y paihgtÿg.

_C\M VMA FH OMIMTßG

VA\2 Mýmfh ugm ouo`mrmfatm

_MKIßG ETH_OC OCG

VA\2 ¡\uhfhs mocipmýmr ocg

(rcihrc, tciakkc) m justc

8 ¡_arvh bugtc mk smkiÿg erhsoc ocg kaiÿg y rcihrc y

Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 =00 nomk | =:,? j fh

6 ¡_arvh bugtc m km icquhom dm`amgm y faserutm!

\hsomfc m km imgthquakkm fh kaiÿg =80

VA\2 ³Gc hgouhgtrms

8 ¡_arvh bugtc m ug raoc omeá y fsaerutm!

Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 6<< nomk | ?? j fh

_MKIßG OCG @XHUC

VA\2 ³Kcs hspírrmjcs c hk 6 ¡Faserutm!

VA\2 ³Gc th justm hstm

5 Kkhvm km euhgth mk `crgc pcr 4< iagutcs. Kuhjc kkhvm hk

8 ¡_arvh bugtc m km hgsmkmfm omprhsh fh mjumomth y

Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 4:1 nomk | =1,? j fh

: ¡_arvh hg ug pkmtc bugtc m km hspagmom erhsom y faserutm!

5 ¡Fhocrm ocg oakmgtrc y jmbcs fh kaim y faserutm!

VA\2 Ockcom bujc fh kaiÿg

Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 =48 nomk | =<,0 j fh

8 Kkhvm m km ghvhrm guhvmihgth `mstm hgfurhohr hk

Agecrimoaÿg gutraoacgmk (pcr pcroaÿg)2 =<4 nomk | 8,4 j fh

@XHUC OCG VCOAGC

=8 j fh ròoukm c `cbms _arvh hg ug pkmtc hk `uhvc eratc, hk tcoagc, hk mjumomth