@ikirblgdbdis di SirvgciJbxx ℨ 
 y bkâlgsgs di gkstbktâkibs
@uêb di istudge

Códg`e dil curse? 0982

 

©8629 Kbvgstbr, Gkc.

8062 Kbvgstbr Drgvi, Lgsli, GL 16938.

Tedes les diricnes risirvbdes.

Si prenêhi cepgbr e bljbcikbr pbrti bl`ukb di

istb puhlgcbcgók ik sgstijbs di ricupirbcgók di
gkaerjbcgók sgk il pirjgse iscrgte y ixprise di
Kbvgstbr, Gkc.
 

2 SirvgciJbxxℨ Evirvgiw bkd Skbpsnet Bkblysgs | Study @ugdi

 

Êkdgci
Gktreduccgók bl curse .................................................................................................................................... 3
Xiqugsgtes dil sgstijb .............................................................................................................................. 3
Cejukêquisi cek kesetres ...................................................................................................................... 3
Hgikvikgde ................................................................................................................................................ 3
Ehoitgves ................................................................................................................................................... 4
@ikirblgdbdis di SirvgciJbxxℨ .................................................................................................................. 9
Gkgcge di SirvgciJbxxℨ ............................................................................................................................. 9
Kbvi`bcgók iktri viktbkbs ...................................................................................................................... 9
Hetekis di lb hbrrb di nirrbjgiktbs ................................................................................................... 1
Jiku Hbr Kbvg`btgek ............................................................................................................................ 0
Gceke di istbde di cekixgók .................................................................................................................... >
Gkdgcbder di bctublgzbcgók di SirvgciJbxxℨ ........................................................................................... >
Cekixgók cek il vinêcule .............................................................................................................................. 7
Siliccgók dil iklbci Cej .......................................................................................................................... 7
Gkdgcbder di cekixgók ............................................................................................................................... 7
Licturb di códg`es di abllb ....................................................................................................................... 7
DTC ........................................................................................................................................................ 7
SVK ........................................................................................................................................................ 7
AJG ........................................................................................................................................................ 7
Typi (Tgpe) ............................................................................................................................................ 7
Ariizi Arbji (Cek`ilbr jbrce) .......................................................................................................... 26

Jissb`i (Jiksboi) ............................................................................................................................. 26

Ceukt (Tetbl) ....................................................................................................................................... 26
Jeduli (Jódule) ................................................................................................................................ 26
Clibr DTCs (Ilgjgkbr DTC (Códg`e di dgb`kóstgce di prehlijbs)) ............
.....................
..................
..................
..................
..............
..... 26
Xiarisn DTC/Qingcli Ivikts (Bctublgzbr iviktes di vinêcules/DTC (Códg`e di dgb`kóstgce di
prehlijbs)) ......................................................................................................................................... 26
Sisgekis ...................................................................................................................................................... 22
Cribcgók di ukb sisgók pirsekblgzbdb .................................................................................................... 22
Ehsirvbcgók di sikseris ispicêagces ...................................................................................................... 22
Cóje huscbr lbs siòblis ......................................................................................................................... 22
Cóje `ubrdbr uk `râagce ........................................................................................................................ 28
@ikirblgdbdis
@ikirblgdbdis di SirvgciJbxxℨ y bkâlgsgs di gkstbktâkibs • © 8629 Kbvgstbr, Gkc. Tedes les diricnes risirvbdes. Tedbs lbs jbrcbs sek jbrcbs
cejircgbliss di sus rispictgves tgtulbris. 
cejircgbli
 

SirvgciJbxxℨ Evirvgiw bkd Skbpsnet Bkblysgs | Study @ugdi 8

 
Cóje `ubrdbr y bhrgr sisgekis pirsekblgzbdbs ...................................................................................... 28
Cóje cbr`br ukb sisgók pirsekblgzbdb .............................................................................................. 28
Cóje cirrbr ukb sisgók ...................................................................................................................... 28
Gkstbktâkibs ................................................................................................................................................ 23
@rbhbcgók di ukb gkstbktâkib ................................................................................................................ 23
@rbhbcgók jbkubl ............................................................................................................................... 23
@rbhbcgók dgspbrbdb ........................................................................................................................... 23
Cóje b`ri`br uk dgspbrbder .................................................................................................................. 23
Cekag`urbcgók di uk dgspbrbder.............................................................................................................. 24
Cekag`urbcgók di les dgspbrbderis privge y pestirger ............................................................................ 24
Gktirvbles di `rbhbcgók di lb gkstbktâkib .............................................................................................. 24
Bctgvbcgók dil dgspbrbder ....................................................................................................................... 24
Xivgsgók di lbs gkstbktâkibs `ubrdbdbs ................................................................................................. 29
Vbrâjitres y siòblis .................................................................................................................................. 29
Bousti di les pbrâjitres ........................................................................................................................ 29
Cbjhges kujçrgces ............................................................................................................................. 29
Cbjhges ik il jikÿ displi`bhli ....................................................................................................... 29
Vre`rbjbcgók dil jeter ......................................................................................................................... 29
Cekclusgók ................................................................................................................................................... 21
KETBS ......................................................................................................................................................... 21

@ikirblgdbdis
@ikirblgdbdis di SirvgciJbxxℨ y bkâlgsgs di gkstbktâkibs • © 8629 Kbvgstbr, Gkc. Tedes les diricnes risirvbdes. Tedbs lbs jbrcbs sek jbrcbs
cejircgbliss di sus rispictgves tgtulbris. 
cejircgbli
 

3 SirvgciJbxxℨ Evirvgiw bkd Skbpsnet Bkblysgs | Study @ugdi

 

Gktreduccgók bl curse
Xiqugsgtes dil sgstijb
Sg ixpirgjiktb prehlijbs di ripreduccgók e pbrb agkblgzbr il curse jgiktrbs le istâ vgikde, is pesghli
qui tik`b qui gkstblbr lb virsgók bctublgzbdb di Albsn® Vlbyir. Lbs sg`ugiktis gkstruccgekis supekik qui
istâ utglgzbkde Gktirkit Ixplerir® 7 e supirger ceje kbvi`bder.
•  Ver abver, vgsgti `it.bdehi.cej/albsnplbyir.
`it.bdehi.cej/albsnplbyir.
 
• Bsi`ÿrisi di disjbrcbr
EAAIXS (EAIXTBS lbs cbsgllbs
EVCGEKBLIS) pbrbdike
virgagcbcgók qui bpbricik
gkstblbr seatwbri hboe il têtule EVTGEKBL
ke disibde.
•  B cektgkubcgók, nb`b clgc ik il hetók GKSTBLL KEP (GKSTBLBX BNEXB) sgtubde b lb diricnb di
lb pbktbllb.
•  Dihirâ bpbricir uk jiksboi ik lb pbrti gkairger di lb pbktbllb qui li pri`uktbrâ sg disib XYK
(IOICYTBX) e SBQI (@YBXDBX) il brcngve. Nb`b clgc ik XYK (IOICYTBX).
•  Dipikdgikde di sus cekag`urbcgekis di si`urgdbd, pedrêb bpbricir il sg`ugikti jiksboi?
"µDisib pirjgtgr qui il sg`ugikti pre`rbjb riblgci cbjhges ik istb cejputbderb5" Nb`b clgc ik
WIS (SÊ).
•  Siliccgeki lbs Vriairikcgbs di bctublgzbcgók di Albsn Vlbyir y nb`b clgc ik KI^T (SG@YGIKTI). Lb
gkstblbcgók dihi cejikzbr.
•  Tik`b ik cuiktb qui is pesghli qui si li pgdb qui cgirri su kbvi`bder b agk di cejplitbr il
precise di gkstblbcgók.
 
• Ykb viz qui
Ixplerir® lb gkstblbcgók
bhrgrâ ukb pâ`gkbsidi
nbyb cejplitbde,
Bdehi® nb`b clgcik
cek uk jiksboi iklbAGKGSN
pbrti (AGKBLG_BX). Gktirkit lb
supirger cekagrjbkde
gkstblbcgók.
Bnerb pedrâ velvir b gkgcgbr sisgók ik EkCejjbkdℨ (il LJS).

Cejukêquisi cek kesetres

Sg tgiki pri`uktbs e gkqugitudis bcircb di isti curse, per abver pók`bsi ik cektbcte cek Kbvgstbr®
Sirvgci Iducbtgek ikvgbkde uk brcngve di cbse (Virsekbl dil dgstrghugder)= e llbjbkde bl 2->66-319-
66>>.

LB GKAEXJBCGÓK CEKTIKGDB IK ISTI CYXSE IS TBK SÓLE VBXB AGKIS DI CBVBCGTBCGÓK.

SGIJVXI CEKSYLTI LB GKAEXJBCGÓK JÂS BCTYBLG_BSB DI SIXQGCGE, DGB@KÓSTGCE W
NIXXBJGIKTIS, YHGCBDB IK IL VEXTBL DI SIXQGCGE DI KBQGSTBX, BKTIS DI XIBLG_BX
CYBLRYGIX SIXQGCGE IK JETEXIS, QINÊCYLES W IRYGVES KBQGSTBX.

Hgikvikgde
Hgikvikgdes bl curse di cbpbcgtbcgók di Kbvgstbr®? @ikirblgdbdis di SirvgciJbxxℨ y bkâlgsgs di
gkstbktâkibs. Isti curse tgiki ceje ehoitgve prisiktbr lbs cbrbctirêstgcbs di SirvgciJbxxℨ y dijestrbr
il precidgjgikte di cbpturb y rivgsgók di ukb gkstbktâkib.

@ikirblgdbdis
@ikirblgdbdis di SirvgciJbxxℨ y bkâlgsgs di gkstbktâkibs • © 8629 Kbvgstbr, Gkc. Tedes les diricnes risirvbdes. Tedbs lbs jbrcbs sek jbrcbs
cejircgbliss di sus rispictgves tgtulbris. 
cejircgbli
 

SirvgciJbxxℨ Evirvgiw bkd Skbpsnet Bkblysgs | Study @ugdi 4

 
Ehoitgves
Bl tirjgkbr isti curse, il istudgbkti pedrâ?

•   Gdiktgagcbr ukb sisgók ik SirvgciJbxxℨ

•   Siliccgekbr ukb sisgók prigkstblbdb
•   @rbhbr ukb gkstbktâkib
•   Bhrgr y rivgsbr ukb gkstbktâkib
•   Ysbr lb aukcgók di agltre
•   Qir y jedgagcbr les pbrâjitres dil vinêcule.

@ikirblgdbdis
@ikirblgdbdis di SirvgciJbxxℨ y bkâlgsgs di gkstbktâkibs • © 8629 Kbvgstbr, Gkc. Tedes les diricnes risirvbdes. Tedbs lbs jbrcbs sek jbrcbs
cejircgbliss di sus rispictgves tgtulbris. 
cejircgbli
 

9 SirvgciJbxxℨ Evirvgiw bkd Skbpsnet Bkblysgs | Study @ugdi

 

@ikirblgdbdiss di SirvgciJbxxℨ
@ikirblgdbdi
Gkgcge di SirvgciJbxxℨ
SirvgciJbxxℨ is ukb nirrbjgiktb cejputbrgzbdb di pre`rbjbcgók y dgb`kóstgce pbrb jeteris Kbvgstbr.
Istb puidi ioicutbrsi tbkte disdi il bccise dgricte di SirvgciJbxxℨ ik il iscrgterge, ceje disdi il
Gkstblbder Kbvgstbr® I_-Ticn®. Ykb viz qui si nbyb ioicutbde il seatwbri, si li pidgrâ bl usubrge lb
gkaerjbcgók pbrb il gkgcge di lb sisgók. Iste li pirjgtgrâ bl usubrge bccidir b cublqugirb di lbs aukcgekis
bvbkzbdbs b lbs qui tik`b diricne, si`ÿk su kgvil di bccise. Sg il usubrge ke cuiktb cek cridikcgblis
vâlgdbs pbrb gkgcgbr ukb sisgók, puidi usbr lb epcgók DGB@KÓSTGCE, ik lb qui cektbrâ cek bccise
lgjgtbde.

Kbvi`bcgók iktri viktbkbs

Lui`e di gkgcgbr sisgók ik SirvgciJbxxℨ, si cbr`brâ lb sisgók DIABYLT (VXIDITIXJGKBDB). Lb sisgók
istâ cejpuistb di cubtre siccgekis e viktbkbs prgkcgpblis.

Lb viktbkb di QINGCLI GKAEXJBTGEK (GKAEXJBCGÓK DIL QINÊCYLE) cektgiki gkaerjbcgók ceje il

kÿjire di gdiktgagcbcgók dil vinêcule y il kÿjire di sirgi dil jeter. Lb viktbkb SG@KBLS (SIÒBLIS)
cektgiki vbrgbs pistbòbs qui sipbrbk les vbleris dil sikser ik dgairiktis `rupes si`ÿk su ukgdbd di
jidgdb. Iste li pirjgti bl usubrge vir lbs cbti`erêbs di les sikseris, ceje te
tedes
des les sikseris di
tijpirbturb, tedes les sikseris di prisgók, e tedes les sikseris di pesgcgók. Lb viktbkb di
CEKKICTGEK (SKGAAIX)
(SKGAAIX) (CEKI^GÓK (DITICTEX)) juistrb gkaerjbcgók ik tgijpe ribl pbrb les
dgairiktis jódules qui si istâk cejukgcbkde ik lbs dgstgktbs ridis dil vinêcule. Lb viktbkb di
DGB@KESTGC TXEYHLI CEDI (CÓDG@E DI DGB@KÓSTGCE
DGB@KÓSTGCE DI ABLLB) li pirjgti bl usubrge `istgekbr
cublqugir códg`e di dgb`kóstgce di abllb (DTC) ik lb jijergb dil vinêcule, bsê ceje liir il trâagce ik il
iklbci di dbtes. Lb sisgók DIABYLT (VXIDITIXJGKBDB) puidi cbr`brsi ik cublqugir jejikte bl
siliccgekbr il hetók di sisgók VXIDITIXJGKBDB ik lb hbrrb di nirrbjgiktbs.

@ikirblgdbdis
@ikirblgdbdis di SirvgciJbxxℨ y bkâlgsgs di gkstbktâkibs • © 8629 Kbvgstbr, Gkc. Tedes les diricnes risirvbdes. Tedbs lbs jbrcbs sek jbrcbs
cejircgbliss di sus rispictgves tgtulbris. 
cejircgbli
 

SirvgciJbxxℨ Evirvgiw bkd Skbpsnet Bkblysgs | Study @ugdi 1

 
Hetekis di lb hbrrb di nirrbjgiktbs
Lb hbrrb di nirrbjgiktbs tbjhgçk cektgiki etres hetekis gjpertbktis qui ke sek di use aricuikti.

 Bctgvbti Cej Lgkm

Il hetók BCTGQBTI CEJ LGKM (BCTGQBX IL IKLBCI CEJ) si usb pbrb gkgcgbr y ditikir lb cejukgcbcgók

iktri il vinêcule y SirvgciJbxxℨ.

Trg``ir Situp

IS VESGHLI CBJHGBX IL ISTBDE DI @XBHBCGÓK DI LBS GKSTBKTÂKIBS. KES XIAIXGXIJES B

ISTB AYKCGÓK JÂS BDILBKTI IK IL CYXSE.

Il hetók di TXG@@IX SITYV (CEKAG@YXBCGÓK DIL DGSVBXBDEX) li pirjgti b SirvgciJbxxℨ cejikzbr

lb cbpturb di ukb gkstbktâkib butejâtgcbjikti cubkde ecurri uk ivikte privgbjikti ditirjgkbde. Il
usubrge puidi cekag`urbr vbrges crgtirges di cbpturb di ukb gkstbktâkib, ceje cubkde il vinêcule
sehripbsi lbs 29 jgllbs per nerb y lb cbr`b dil jeter supiri il >6%. Tbjhgçk nby boustis pbrb
ditirjgkbr il tgijpe di `rbhbcgók di lb gkaerjbcgók bktis y dispuçs di qui ecurrb il ivikte di
bctgvbcgók.

Trg``ir Brj / Dgsbrj

Il hetók TXG@@IX BXJ/DGSBXJ (BCTGQBX/DISBCTGQBX
(BCTGQBX/DISBCTGQBX IL D DGSVBXBDEX)
GSVBXBDEX) bctgvb e disbctgvb il
dgspbrbder pbrb ivgtbr lb `rbhbcgók bccgdiktbl ik cbse di qui les crgtirges di bctgvbcgók sibk gjpricgses.

Dbtb Xicerd
Il hetók DBTB XICEXD (@XBHBX DBTES) li pirjgti bl usubrge `rbhbr lb gkaerjbcgók dil sikser di
jbkirb jbkubl.

Diabult Sissgek
Il hetók DIABYLT SISSGEK (SISGÓK VXIDITIXJGKBDB)
VXIDITIXJGKBDB) cbr`b lb sisgók priditirjgkbdb qui puidi
usbrsi pbrb vir vbrgbs siòblis rilbcgekbdbs cek il rikdgjgikte.

Vbrbjitirs Sissgek
Il hetók di VBXBJITIXS SISSGEK (SISGÓK DI VBXÂJITXES) cbr`b ukb sisgók privgbjikti `ubrdbdb
qui is gdibl pbrb vir y boustbr les pbrâjitres.

 Sg`kbls Sissgek
Il hetók di SG@KBLS SISSGEK (SISGÓK DI SIÒBLIS) cbr`b ukb sisgók privgbjikti `ubrdbdb qui is gdibl
pbrb vir y `rbagcbr vbrges vbleris di sikser.

@ikirblgdbdis
@ikirblgdbdis di SirvgciJbxxℨ y bkâlgsgs di gkstbktâkibs • © 8629 Kbvgstbr, Gkc. Tedes les diricnes risirvbdes. Tedbs lbs jbrcbs sek jbrcbs
cejircgbliss di sus rispictgves tgtulbris. 
cejircgbli
 

0 SirvgciJbxxℨ Evirvgiw bkd Skbpsnet Bkblysgs | Study @ugdi

 
 Step Tists

VBXB DITIKIX VXYIHBS SCX, IL YSYBXGE DIHI NBCIX CLGC IK IL HETÓK IKD TIST (DITIKIX
VXYIHB) CYBKDE ISTÇ DGSVEKGHLI.

Il hetók STEV TISTS (DITIKIX VXYIHBS) ditgiki cublqugir pruihb qui si istç ioicutbkde
bctubljikti, cek lb ixcipcgók di cublqugir pruihb SCX.

Vrgkt Qingcli Gkaerjbtgek

Il hetók VXGKT QINGCLI GKAEXJBTGEK (GJVXGJGX GKAEXJBCGÓK
GKAEXJBCGÓK SEHXI IL QINÊCYLE) gjprgji uk
gkaerji cek lb gkaerjbcgók dil vinêcule y les vbleris
v bleris di siòbl, pbrâjitres y DTC bctublis.

Vrgkt Trgp Xipert

Il hetók VXGKT TXGV XIVEXT (GJVXGJGX GKAEXJI DI QGBOI) gjprgji gkaerjbcgók sehri il ÿltgje vgboi
dil vinêcule.

Jiku Hbr Kbvg`btgek

Lb JIKY HBX (HBXXB DI JIKß) tgiki vbrgbs aukcgekis ÿtglis qui puidik bccidirsi ukb viz qui si
cekicti b uk vinêcule.

Agli
Il jikÿ AGLI (BXCNGQE) earici lb pesghglgdbd di bhrgr lbs `rbhbcgekis di gkstbktâkibs i gjprgjgr lb
gkaerjbcgók dil vinêcule.

Qgiw
Il jikÿ QGIP (QGSTB) li pirjgti bl usubrge dicgdgr quç viktbkbs sirâk vgsghlis pbrb bsê pirsekblgzbr lb
ixpirgikcgb dil usubrge. Isti precidgjgikte tbjhgçk si puidi utglgzbr pbrb cribr ukb sisgók
pirsekblgzbdb.

 Sissgeks
Il jikÿ SISSGEKS (SISGEKIS) cektgiki ukb lgstb di cekag`urbcgekis di viktbkbs privgbjikti
`ubrdbdbs, llbjbdbs Sisgekis. Lbs sisgekis privgbjikti `ubrdbdbs istâk eptgjgzbdbs pbrb jestrbr
gkaerjbcgók di pruihbs e precidgjgiktes cejukis. Tbjhgçk ixgstik epcgekis pbrb cbr`br ukb sisgók
`ubrdbdb, `ubrdbr e rikejhrbr lb sisgók bctubl.

Tists
Il jikÿ TISTS (VXYIHBS) juistrb lbs pruihbs ispicêagcbs
ispicêagcbs qui puidik riblgzbrsi ik il jeter, pbrb bsê
`brbktgzbr il cerricte aukcgekbjgikte di les dgairiktis cejpekiktis.

Vreciduris

Il jikÿ VXECIDYXIS (VXECIDGJGIKTES) juistrb lbs pruihbs ispicêagcbs qui puidik riblgzbrsi ik il
jeter, pbrb bsê `brbktgzbr il cerricte aukcgekbjgikte di les dgairiktis sgstijbs.

@ikirblgdbdis
@ikirblgdbdis di SirvgciJbxxℨ y bkâlgsgs di gkstbktâkibs • © 8629 Kbvgstbr, Gkc. Tedes les diricnes risirvbdes. Tedbs lbs jbrcbs sek jbrcbs
cejircgbliss di sus rispictgves tgtulbris. 
cejircgbli
 

SirvgciJbxxℨ Evirvgiw bkd Skbpsnet Bkblysgs | Study @ugdi >

 
Teels
Il jikÿ TEELS (NIXXBJGIKTBS) cektgiki bl`ukbs di lbs nirrbjgiktbs qui si ikcuiktrbk ik lb hbrrb
di nirrbjgiktbs bsê ceje il silicter di iklbci di cejukgcbcgók y lbs nirrbjgiktbs ispicêagcbs dil
jeter.

Tbjhgçk nby ukb epcgók pbrb cekag`urbr il gktirvble di `rbhbcgók di lb gkstbktâkib.

Nilp
Il jikÿ NILV (BWYDB) cektgiki gkaerjbcgók pbrb abcglgtbr il use di SirvgciJbxxℨ.

Gceke di istbde di cekixgók

IL GCEKE DI ISTBDE DI CEKI^GÓK JYISTXB IL ISTBDE DI CEJYKGCBCGÓK DIL JETEX, W KE

DI TEDE IL QINÊCYLE.

Ik lb isqugkb gkairger diricnb di lb pbktbllb SirvgciJbxxℨ, nby uk gceke di istbde di cekixgók. Isti
gceke si pbrici bl cekicter di iklbci di dbtes (DLC) y bl iklbci di cejukgcbcgók.
cejukgcbcgók. Istes gcekes
kerjbljikti sek di celer ki`re, pire cbjhgbrâk b virdi cubkde SirvgciJbxxℨ e il jeter gktiktbk
cejukgcbrsi. Ykb cejukgcbcgók ixgtesb iktri SirvgciJbxxℨ y il jeter si gkdgcb cek les des gcekes
cekictâkdesi y cbjhgbkde b celer virdi.

Gkdgcbder di bctublgzbcgók di SirvgciJbxxℨ

Isti gkdgcbder juistrb il istbde di bctublgzbcgók bctubl di SirvgciJbxxℨ. Bl bhrgr SirvgciJbxxℨ, isti
rivgsbrâ butejâtgcbjikti sg ixgsti ukb bctublgzbcgók dgspekghli. Cubkde iste ecurri, il gkdgcbder
jestrbrâ il jiksboi
j iksboi “Cnicmgk` aer updbtis‚ (Cejprehbkde bctublgzbcgekis). Sg ixgsti ukb bctublgzbcgók
dgspekghli, si jestrbrâ tbjhgçk il pre`rise di lb discbr`b. Ykb viz qui si nbyb discbr`bde lb
bctublgzbcgók, il gkdgcbder cbjhgbrâ b celer virdi y jestrbrâ il jiksboi “Vlibsi ristbrt SirvgciJbxxℨ‚
(Xigkgcgi SirvgciJbxxℨ). Sg ke ixgsti ukb bctublgzbcgók dgspekghli, il gkdgcbder pirjbkicirâ di celer
`rgs y jestrbrâ il jiksboi “SirvgciJbxxℨ gs up te dbti‚ (SirvgciJbxxℨ istâ bctublgzbde).

@ikirblgdbdis
@ikirblgdbdis di SirvgciJbxxℨ y bkâlgsgs di gkstbktâkibs • © 8629 Kbvgstbr, Gkc. Tedes les diricnes risirvbdes. Tedbs lbs jbrcbs sek jbrcbs
cejircgbliss di sus rispictgves tgtulbris. 
cejircgbli
 

7 SirvgciJbxxℨ Evirvgiw bkd Skbpsnet Bkblysgs | Study @ugdi

 

Cekixgók cek il vinêcule

Siliccgók dil iklbci Cej
Vbrb cekictbr SirvgciJbxxℨ b uk vinêcule, dihi prgjire cekictbr il iklbci di cejukgcbcgók cerricte
bl puirte YSH di lb cejputbderb qui ioicutb SirvgciJbxxℨ. Il iklbci di cejukgcbcgók dihi
cekictbrsi bl DLC dil vinêcule. Bktis di qui les dgspesgtgves puidbk cejukgc
cejukgcbrsi,
brsi, il usubrge dihirâ
siliccgekbr il iklbci di cejukgcbcgók dil jikÿ TEELS (NIXXBJGIKTBS). Siliccgeki il jikÿ TEELS
(NIXXBJGIKTBS), y lui`e risblti SILICT CEJ LGKM (SILICCGEKI IL IKLBCI CEJ).

Displâcisi per les jikÿs bdgcgekblis pbrb siliccgekbr il dgspesgtgve di cekixgók qui istâ usbkde.
SirvgciJbxxℨ ricerdbrâ su iliccgók lb próxgjb viz qui si ioicuti. Bnerb pedrâ gkgcgbr ukb cekixgók bl
`grbr il gktirrupter di g`kgcgók b lb pesgcgók di ikcikdgde. Is pesghli qui sib kicisbrge nbcir clgc ik il
hetók BCTGQBTI CEJ LGKM (BCTGQBX IL IKLBCI CEJ) ik cbse di qui lb cekixgók ke si riblgci di
jbkirb butejâtgcb.

Gkdgcbder di cekixgók
Is pesghli virgagcbr lb cekixgók di vbrgbs jbkirbs. Lb
L b prgjirb aerjb is rivgsbr qui il gceke dil gkdgcbder
di cekixgók ik lb isqugkb diricnb gkairger di lb pbktbllb sib di celer virdi. Il gceke di istbde di

cekixgók gzqugirde
il jeter ikvêb pbrpbdibrâ
gkaerjbcgók cubkde SirvgciJbxxℨ
b SirvgciJbxxℨ. ikvêb
Di lb jgsjb gkaerjbcgók
jbkirb, bl jeter,
sg uke di y il di
les gcekes diricne cubkde
cekixgók si
juistrb di celer ki`re e les cekicteris dil gceke istâk discekictbdes, les jódules ke pedrâk
cejukgcbrsi. Lb si`ukdb aerjb di virgagcbr lb cekixgók is cubkde si juistrb lb viktbkb di QINGCLI
GKAEXJBTGEK (GKAEXJBCGÓK DIL QINÊCYLE) cejplitbjikti llikb.

Licturb di códg`es di abllb

Ykb viz qui istç cekictbde bl vinêcule, si jestrbrâk les códg`es di dgb`kóstgce di abllbs (DTC) qui
istçk bljbcikbdes ik lb jijergb dil vinêcule. Lbs celujkbs priditirjgkbdbs juistrbk les DTC ik
cbse di nbhirles, Kÿjire di pbrâjitre sespicnese (SVK), Gkdgcbder di jede di abllb (AJG), Tgpe di
códg`e di abllb, hetók di Cek`ilbr dbtes, Jiksboi, Cuiktb, y Jódule.

DTC
Isti cbjpe juistrb uk kÿjire cedgagcbde qui cerrispekdi b ukb abllb ispicêagcb ik jeteris IVB 60 e
bktirgeris.

SVK
Isti cbjpe juistrb uk kÿjire cedgagcbde qui cerrispekdi b sgstijbs dil vinêcule ispicêagces.

AJG
Isti cbjpe juistrb uk kÿjire cedgagcbde qui cerrispekdi b uk tgpe ispicêagce di abllb, ceje uk
cgrcugte bhgirte.

Typi (Tgpe)
Isti cbjpe juistrb ukb discrgpcgók dil istbde bctubl dil DTC.

@ikirblgdbdis
@ikirblgdbdis di SirvgciJbxxℨ y bkâlgsgs di gkstbktâkibs • © 8629 Kbvgstbr, Gkc. Tedes les diricnes risirvbdes. Tedbs lbs jbrcbs sek jbrcbs
cejircgbliss di sus rispictgves tgtulbris. 
cejircgbli
 

SirvgciJbxxℨ Evirvgiw bkd Skbpsnet Bkblysgs | Study @ugdi 26

 
Ariizi Arbji (Cek`ilbr dbtes)
Isti hetók pirjgti bl usubrge vir les dbtes dil vinêcule ik il jejikte qui si istbhlicgó il DTC.

Jissb`i (Jiksboi)
Isti cbjpe juistrb ukb discrgpcgók dil DTC.

Ceukt (Cuiktb)
Isti cbjpe ikujirb il kÿjire di vicis qui si nb ditictbde il DTC disdi il prgjir jejikte qui si
istbhlicgó il códg`e.

Jeduli (Jódule)
Isti cbjpe juistrb il jódule qui istbhlicgó il DTC.

Clibr DTCs (Ilgjgkbr DTC (Códg`e di dgb`kóstgce di prehlijbs))

CYBKDE SI DGB@KESTGCB YKB ABLLB, IS JYW GJVEXTBKTI RYI IL TÇCKGCE KE HEXXI LES
CÓDG@ES DI ABLLB B JIKES RYI IL VLBK DI BCCGÓK DI CÓDG@ES DI ABLLB (A-CBV) E IL
JBKYBL DI DGB@KÓSTGCE SI LE GKDGRYI. SG SI ILGJGKBK LES CÓDG@ES IK IL JEJIKTE
IRYGQECBDE SI VIXDIXÂ IL NGSTEXGBL W LB GKAEXJBCGÓK DI DGB@KÓSTGCE, RYI VYIDIK SIX
YTGLGDBD. 
DI JYCNB YTGLGDBD. 

Isti hetók pirjgti qui il usubrge herri les códg`es di abllb qui istâk `ubrdbdes bctubljikti ik lb
jijergb dil vinêcule, oukte cek les dbtes di gjb`ik cek`ilbdb.

Xiarisn DTC/Qingcli Ivikts (Bctublgzbr iviktes di vinêcules/DTC (Códg`e di dgb`kóstgce di

prehlijbs))
Isti hetók pirjgti qui il usubrge bctublgci lb lgstb di DTC pbrb cekecir sg si nbk istbhlicgde códg`es
kuives e sg il istbde di uk códg`e di abllb nb cbjhgbde.

@ikirblgdbdis
@ikirblgdbdis di SirvgciJbxxℨ y bkâlgsgs di gkstbktâkibs • © 8629 Kbvgstbr, Gkc. Tedes les diricnes risirvbdes. Tedbs lbs jbrcbs sek jbrcbs
cejircgbliss di sus rispictgves tgtulbris. 
cejircgbli
 

22 SirvgciJbxxℨ Evirvgiw bkd Skbpsnet Bkblysgs | Study @ugdi

 

Sisgekis
Cribcgók di ukb sisgók pirsekblgzbdb
Lbs sisgekis privgbjikti `ubrdbdbs puidik bhrgrsi disdi il jikÿ SISSGEKS (SISGEKIS) ik lb pbrti
supirger di lb pbktbllb di SirvgciJbxxℨ. Cbdb sisgók istâ eptgjgzbdb pbrb ukb aukcgók dgstgktb, qui si
discrghi têpgcbjikti ik il kejhri di lb sisgók. Lbs sisgekis sek celiccgekis y brri`les di viktbkbs
diktre di lb prepgb viktbkb di SirvgciJbxxℨ. Il usubrge tgiki lb cbpbcgdbd di b`ri`br, ritgrbr e cbjhgbr
il tbjbòe di lbs viktbkbs si`ÿk sib kicisbrge. Cbjhgbr il tbjbòe di lbs viktbkbs is ÿtgl pbrb vir ukb
jbyer cbktgdbd di dbtes, vgsublgzbr `râagces e discuhrgr epcgekis qui tbl viz istçk ecultbs.

Lbs pistbòbs diktre di lbs viktbs puidik jevirsi pbrb cekvirtgrsi ik ukb viktbkb gkdgvgdubl. Ver
ioijple, il usubrge puidi vir les dbtes di tijpirbturb y prisgók bl jgsje tgijpe. Tbjhgçk puidi
cbjhgbrsi il tbjbòe di lbs celujkbs di dbtes pbrb jestrbr jâs e jikes gkaerjbcgók.

Is pesghli qui ixgstb ukb jbyer cbktgdbd di gkaerjbcgók, e di siòblis, dgspekghli di le qui si juistrb.
SirvgciJbxxℨ tgiki lb cbpbcgdbd di jekgteribr jâs gkaerjbcgók di lb qui il usubrge pudgirb disibr.
Vbrb vir ukb siòbl, bsi`ÿrisi di qui nbyb siliccgekbde lb cbsgllb cerrispekdgikti ik lb celujkb
PBTCNID (QGSTES). Sg istb celujkb ke istâ dgspekghli, nb`b clgc cek il hetók diricne ik uke di les
etres têtules di celujkb pbrb bhrgr lbs epcgekis dil jikÿ, y lui`e siliccgeki PBTCNID (QGSTES
(QGSTES)) pbrb
b`ri`brle b lb celujkb PBTCNID (QGSTES). Siliccgeki lb epcgók PBTCNID (QGSTES) pbrb cektgkubr.

Ehsirvbcgók di sikseris ispicêagces

Vbrb vir lbs etrbs
et rbs siòblis dgspekghlis, cbkcili lb siliccgeki di lb cbsgllb EKLW SNEP PBTCNID (SELE
JESTXBX ILIJIKTES QGSTES), qui puidi ikcektrbrsi bl ixpbkdgr il jikÿ cektrbêde ik lb pbrti
supirger di lb viktbkb. Di istb jbkirb si cejplitbrâ lb lgstb di siòblis cek tedbs lbs siòblis
dgspekghlis. Dispuçs di siliccgekbr les sikseris qui disib vir, bsi`ÿrisi di qui lb cbob siliccgekbdb
EKLW SNEP PBTCNID (ehsirvbhb Jestrbr ÿkgcbjikti) ik lb pbrti supirger di lb viktbkb. Tedbs lbs
siòblis qui ke si siliccgekik si ritgrbrâk di lb lgstb PBTCNID (QGSTES).

Cóje huscbr lbs siòblis

Nby vbrgbs jbkirbs di ikcektrbr ukb siòbl y b`ri`brlb b lb lgstb di PBTCNID (QGSTES). Lb prgjirb
aerjb is displbzbrsi per lb lgstb y siliccgekbrlb. Etrb epcgók is usbr lb aukcgók di AGLTIX (AGLTXE) di
SirvgciJbxxℨ.

IL AGLTXE JESTXBXÂ SELE LES ILIJIKTES RYI SI JYISTXBK IK LB VISTBÒB. SG SI

SILICCGEKB LB CBSGLLB EKLW SNEP PBTCNID (SELE JESTXBX ILIJIKTES QGSTES), LB
AYKCGÓK DI AGLTXE SELE JESTXBXÂ LBS SIÒBLIS W LES VBXÂJITXES RYI SI ISTÂK
EHSIXQBKDE. SG KE SI JBXCB ISTB CBSGLLB, VEDXÂK SILICCGEKBXSI TEDES LES QBLEXIS

AGLTXE. 
DGSVEKGHLIS YSBKDE LB AYKCGÓK DI AGLTXE. 

@ikirblgdbdis
@ikirblgdbdis di SirvgciJbxxℨ y bkâlgsgs di gkstbktâkibs • © 8629 Kbvgstbr, Gkc. Tedes les diricnes risirvbdes. Tedbs lbs jbrcbs sek jbrcbs
cejircgbliss di sus rispictgves tgtulbris. 
cejircgbli
 

SirvgciJbxxℨ Evirvgiw bkd Skbpsnet Bkblysgs | Study @ugdi 28

 
Vbrb usbr istb aukcgók, nb`b clgc ik il gceke di agltre b lb gzqugirdb di lbs celujkbs di ukb viktbkb,
gk`risi ukb pblbhrb clbvi ik il cbjpe di hÿsquidb, ceje JBKGAELD (JßLTGVLI), pbrb huscbr il Sikser
di prisgók dil jÿltgpli
j ÿltgpli di bdjgsgók, y siliccgeki EM. SirvgciJbxxℨ huscbrâ lb pblbhrb ispicgagcbdb
iktri les kejhris y bhrivgbturbs di tedbs lbs siòblis. Lbs siòblis cek lb pblbhrb JBKGAELD (JßLTGVLI)
ik il têtule bpbricirâk ik il prgjir lu`br di lb lgstb. Di istb jbkirb sirâ jâs aâcgl huscbr lb siòbl di
gktirçs. Ykb viz qui lb kuivb siòbl si nbyb siliccgekbde, lb epcgók EKLW SNEP PBTCNID (SELE
JESTXBX ILIJIKTES QGSTES) pedrâ siliccgekbrsi di kuive pbrb ecultbr lb gkaerjbcgók bdgcgekbl.

Cóje `ubrdbr
Cubkde uk uk `râagce
`râagce juistri tedes les vbleris qui disii, puidi `ubrdbrsi ceje gjb`ik, gjprgjgrsi e
boustbrsi nbcgikde clgc diricne ik il `râagce pbrb bhrgr il jikÿ di epcgekis.

Cóje `ubrdbr y bhrgr sisgekis pirsekblgzbdbs

LBS SISGEKIS VIXSEKBLG_BDBS DIHIK @YBXDBXSI BKTIS DI RYI SI GKGCGI YKB VXYIHB E
SISGÓK KYIQB. SG LB SISGÓK VIXSEKBLG_BDB SI CGIXXB SGK @YBXDBXSI, SI VIXDIXÂK LES
CBJHGES.  
CBJHGES.

Sg il kuive brri`le di viktbkbs

v iktbkbs si usbrâ b jikude, puidi `ubrdbrsi ceje ukb sisgók pirsekblgzbdb.
Vbrb nbcir iste, bhrb il jikÿ SISSGEKS (SISGEKIS)
(SISGEKIS) ik lb pbrti supirger di lb pbktbllb di SirvgciJbxxℨ,
y lui`e siliccgeki lb epcgók SBQI SISSGEK (@YBXDBX SISGÓK). Iscrghb uk kejhri pbrb lb sisgók y nb`b
clgc ik il hetók SBQI (@YBXDBX).

Cóje cbr`br ukb sisgók pirsekblgzbdb

Vbrb nbcir iste, bhrb il jikÿ SISGEKIS ik lb pbrti supirger di lb pbktbllb di SirvgciJbxxℨ, y lui`e
siliccgeki lb epcgók CBX@BX SISGÓK. Husqui y siliccgeki il brcngve di lb sisgók qui disii bhrgr. Nb`b
clgc ik il hetók BHXGX pbrb cbr`br lb sisgók.

Cóje cirrbr ukb sisgók

Lb sisgók privgb si cgirrb cubkde il usubrge cejgikci cek ukb sisgók kuivb, ukb pruihb, e cubkde si
cgirri il seatwbri SirvgciJbxxℨ.
@ikirblgdbdis
@ikirblgdbdis di SirvgciJbxxℨ y bkâlgsgs di gkstbktâkibs • © 8629 Kbvgstbr, Gkc. Tedes les diricnes risirvbdes. Tedbs lbs jbrcbs sek jbrcbs
cejircgbliss di sus rispictgves tgtulbris. 
cejircgbli
 

23 SirvgciJbxxℨ Evirvgiw bkd Skbpsnet Bkblysgs | Study @ugdi

 

Gkstbktâkibs
@rbhbcgók di ukb gkstbktâkib
Jucnbs vicis is kicisbrge vir les vbleris di sikseris cubkde il vinêcule istâ ik jevgjgikte.

SirvgciJbxxℨ nbci pesghli ricelictbr gkaerjbcgók di jbkirb si`urb jgiktrbs il vinêcule istâ ik
jevgjgikte. Istb aukcgók si cekeci ceje SKBVSNET (GKSTBKTÂKIB). Lbs gkstbktâkibs sek `rbhbcgekis
di tedes les dbtes dil vinêcule durbkti uk gktirvble di tgijpe. Istbs `rbhbcgekis puidik `ubrdbrsi
pbrb qui puidbk rivgsbrsi jâs bdilbkti.

@rbhbcgók jbkubl
Ixgstik des jbkirbs di `rbhbr ukb gkstbktâkib. Lb prgjirb is gkgcgbr y ditikir jbkubljikti lb
`rbhbcgók usbkde il hetók DBTB XICEXD (@XBHBX DBTES). Bl nbcir clgc ik isti hetók ukb viz, si
cejikzbrâ cek lb `rbhbcgók. Si `rbhbrâk les dbtes nbstb qui si nb`b clgc di kuive ik il hetók e si
cgirri lb sisgók. Ykb viz qui lb `rbhbcgók si ditik`b, lb gkstbktâkib quidbrâ butejâtgcbjikti
`ubrdbdb.

@rbhbcgók dgspbrbdb
Lb si`ukdb epcgók is tejbr ukb gkstbktâkib cekag`urbkde uk dgspbrbder. Les dgspbrbderis li pirjgtik
bl usubrge `rbhbr gkaerjbcgók cek hbsi ik lbs licturbs dil sikser. Ver ioijple, sg uk clgikti si quiob di
uk prehlijb qui ecurri b 39 JVN (91 mj/n) e jâs râpgde, puidi cekag`urbr uk dgspbrbder qui si
ikaequi ik cbpturbr dbtes ukb viz qui si blcbkci istb vilecgdbd. Vbrb cekag`urbr uk dgspbrbder, nb`b
clgc ik il hetók TXG@@IX SITYV (CEKAG@YXBCGÓK DIL DGSVBXBDEX).

Cóje b`ri`br uk dgspbrbder

B`ri`ui uk riqugsgte kuive nbcgikde clgc ik il hetók BDDBD D CXGTIXGB (B@XI@YI CXGTIXGES). Si b`ri`brâ
ukb lêkib ik hlbkce b lb lgstb di dgspbrbderis. Il usubrge puidi siliccgekbr uk sikser pbrb jekgteribr
nbcgikde clgc ik lb hlequis ik hlbkce ik lb celujkb di SG@KBL (SIÒBL).

IL AGLTXE JESTXBXÂ SELE LES ILIJIKTES RYI SI JYISTXBK IK LB VISTBÒB. SG SI

SILICCGEKB LB CBSGLLB EKLW SNEP PBTCNID (SELE JESTXBX ILIJIKTES QGSTES), LB
AYKCGÓK DI AGLTXE SELE JESTXBXÂ LBS SIÒBLIS W LES VBXÂJITXES RYI SI ISTÂK
EHSIXQBKDE. SG KE SI JBXCB ISTB CBSGLLB, VEDXÂK SILICCGEKBXSI TEDES LES QBLEXIS
AGLTXE. 
DGSVEKGHLIS YSBKDE LB AYKCGÓK DI AGLTXE. 

Iste bhri uk jikÿ displi`bhli cek tedbs lbs siòblis dgspekghlis ik erdik blabhçtgce. Displâcisi b lb
siòbl qui disib, qui ik isti cbse is QINGCLI SVIID (QILECGDBD DIL QINÊCYLE).

@ikirblgdbdis
@ikirblgdbdis di SirvgciJbxxℨ y bkâlgsgs di gkstbktâkibs • © 8629 Kbvgstbr, Gkc. Tedes les diricnes risirvbdes. Tedbs lbs jbrcbs sek jbrcbs
cejircgbliss di sus rispictgves tgtulbris. 
cejircgbli
 

SirvgciJbxxℨ Evirvgiw bkd Skbpsnet Bkblysgs | Study @ugdi 24

 
Cekag`urbcgók di uk dgspbrbder
Cubkde si siliccgekb ukb siòbl istb si b`ri`b b lb lgstb y lb celujkb di YKGT (YKGDBD) si cejplitb cek
lb ukgdbd bsg`kbdb, b lb viz qui si juistrb uk hetók di XIJEQI (ILGJGKBX) ik cbse di qui disii
ritgrbr il dgspbrbder. Vbrb cekag`urbr il dgspbrbder, il usubrge dihi ditirjgkbr lb ló`gcb, bsê ceje il
vbler dil dgspbrbder. Lb ló`gcb ditirjgkb quç cekdgcgók dil vbler si disib. Lbs epcgekis ló`gcbs gkcluyik
jbyer qui, g`ubl qui, ke is g`ubl qui y jiker qui.

Wb qui il prehlijb ik isti ioijple sele ecurri b pbrtgr di 39 JVN (91 mj/n), lb celujkb di ló`gcb
dihi istbhlicirsi ik @XIBTIX TNBK (JBWEX RYI). Il vbler dihirâ iktekcis celecbrsi ik lb licturb
disibdb, ik isti cbse di 39 JVN (91 mj/n). Tbjhgçk is pesghli b`ri`br jâs crgtirges. Ver ioijple, sg il
prehlijb sele si preduci ukb viz qui il riarg`irbkti dil jeter blcbkzb cgirtb tijpirbturb e sg il jeter
si ikcuiktrb ik ukb rbk`e di cbr`b ispicêagce.

Cekag`urbcgók di les dgspbrbderis privge y pestirger

Ykb viz qui nbyb b`ri`bde tedes les dgspbrbderis, dihik istbhlicirsi les tijpergzbderis privge y
pestirger di les dgspbrbderis, pbrb bsê riducgr lb cbktgdbd di gkaerjbcgók ricelictbdb. Lb cekag`urbcgók
di dgspbrbder privge si usb pbrb ditirjgkbr cuâktb gkaerjbcgók, bktis dil ivikte di bctgvbcgók dihi
gkclugrsi ik lb gkstbktâkib. Disdi il jejikte qui il dgspbrbder si bctgvi, SirvgciJbxxℨ cejikzbrâ b
jekgteribr tedb lb gkaerjbcgók di lbs siòblis. Lb cbktgdbd di gkaerjbcgók ispicgagcbdb ik il dgspbrbder
privge si gkcluyi ik lb gkstbktâkib, si`ÿk lb cekag`urbcgók qui nbyb ili`gde.

Iste is ÿtgl cubkde gktiktb gdiktgagcbr lbs cbusbs di uk dgspbrbder, ceje lb pçrdgdb bhruptb di prisgók
di cejhustghli. Lb cekag`urbcgók dil dgspbrbder pestirger si usb pbrb ditirjgkbr cuâktb gkaerjbcgók
dihi ri`gstrbrsi dispuçs di qui ecurrb il ivikte di bctgvbcgók. Istb cekag`urbcgók tbjhgçk ditgiki lb
aukcgók di gkstbktâkib ukb viz qui il tgijpe
t gijpe istbhlicgde si nbyb blcbkzbde. Lui`e di qui tedbs lbs
cekag`urbcgekis si nbybk istbhlicgde, nb`b clgc ik il hetók SBQI (@YBXDBX) pbrb cekagrjbr les boustis.

Gktirvbles di `rbhbcgók di lb gkstbktâkib

Bktis di bctgvbr il dgspbrbder, is huikb gdib boustbr il SKBVSNET XICEXDGK@ GKTIXQBL (GKTIXQBLE
DI @XBHBCGÓK DI LB GKSTBKTÂKIB).
GKSTBKTÂKIB). Istb aukcgók cektrelb lb aricuikcgb di cbpturb di les dbtes
cubkde si `rbhb ukb gkstbktâkib. Isti bousti puidi cekag`urbrsi bhrgikde il jikÿ di TEELS
(NIXXBJGIKTBS) y celecbkde il jeusi sehri SKBVSNET XICEXDGK@ GKTIXQBL (GKTIXQBLE DI
@XBHBCGÓK DI LB GKSTBKTÂKIB). Lui`e, siliccgeki il gktirvble disibde. Yk gktirvble di `rbhbcgók
certe qugiri dicgr qui si ricelictbrâ ukb jbyer cbktgdbd di dbtes, si kicisgtbrâ jâs ispbcge di dgsce y
les cbjhges piquiòes pedrâk gdiktgagcbrsi jâs aâcgljikti. Les gktirvbles di `rbhbcgók lbr`es rice`irâk
dbtes cek jikes aricuikcgb, riqugirik di jikes jijergb y sek gdiblis pbrb gdiktgagcbr tikdikcgbs
durbkti lbr`es pirgedes di tgijpe.

 Bctgvbcgók dil dgspbrbder

Lui`e di cekag`urbr uk dgspbrbder, y boustbr il gktirvble di `rbhbcgók, il dgspbrbder istâ lgste pbrb
bctgvbrsi nbcgikde clgc ik il hetók TXG@@IX BXJ (BCTGQBX DGSVBXBDEX). Bl nbcirle, si disbctgvb il
hetók jbkubl di SKBVSNET XICEXD (@XBHBX GKSTBKTÂKIB) y si cejgikzb b jekgteribr les dbtes dil
vinêcule. Ykb viz qui nbyb agkblgzbde lb gkstbktâkib, il brcngve si `ubrdbrâ butejâtgcbjikti ik lb
cbrpitb SKBVSNETS (GKSTBKTÂKIBS) ik il iscrgterge.
@ikirblgdbdis
@ikirblgdbdis di SirvgciJbxxℨ y bkâlgsgs di gkstbktâkibs • © 8629 Kbvgstbr, Gkc. Tedes les diricnes risirvbdes. Tedbs lbs jbrcbs sek jbrcbs
cejircgbliss di sus rispictgves tgtulbris. 
cejircgbli
 

29 SirvgciJbxxℨ Evirvgiw bkd Skbpsnet Bkblysgs | Study @ugdi

 
Xivgsgók di lbs gkstbktâkibs `ubrdbdbs
SirvgciJbxxℨ tbjhgçk cuiktb cek lb cbpbcgdbd di rivgsbr lbs gkstbktâkibs `ubrdbdbs. Vbrb nbcirle,
ijpgici cek bhrgr il jikÿ AGLI (BXCNGQE)... Siliccgeki EVIK SKBVSNET XICEXDGK@ AGLI (BHXGX
BXCNGQE DI @XBHBCGÓK DI GKSTBKTÂKIB)...
GKSTBKTÂKIB)... pbrb huscbr iktri lbs gkstbktâkibs dgspekghlis. Lui`e
nb`b dehli clgc ik lb gkstbktâkib qui disii pbrb bhrgrlb ik SirvgciJbxxℨ. Lbs gkstbktâkibs si bhrik ik
ukb viktbkb gkdipikdgikti qui cektgiki uk `râagce y ukb lgstb di tedbs lbs siòblis dgspekghlis. Bl
siliccgekbr ukb siòbl di lb lgstb istb si jestrbrâ ik il `râagce, sg is pesghli, di jbkirb qui lb

gkaerjbcgók puidb cejpbrbrsi. Lb gkaerjbcgók `rbhbdb puidi ripreducgrsi b lb vilecgdbd ik lb qui aui
ri`gstrbdb e puidi displbzbrsi per illb jbkubljikti. Ik il cbse di ukb `rbhbcgók dgspbrbdb, lb
gkaerjbcgók bktis dil cejgikze di lb lêkib di tgijpe puidi virsi di aerjb jbkubl.

Vbrâjitres y siòblis
 Bousti di les pbrâjitres
Is pesghli tbjhgçk jedgagcbr les pbrâjitres ik SirvgciJbxxℨ. Les tgpes di pbrâjitres qui puidik
jedgagcbrsi dipikdirâk dil kgvil di bccise dil usubrge. Vbrb boustbr les pbrâjitres, siliccgeki lb
sisgók di VXE@XBJJGK@ (VXE@XBJBCGÓK).

Cbjhges kujçrgces
Ixgstik des jbkirbs hâsgcbs di cbjhgbr uk pbrâjitre. Lb prgjirb is cbjhgbr il vbler kujçrgce. Ver
ioijple, ik lb pistbòb VTE, is pesghli boustbr lb vilecgdbd jâxgjb pbrb il cektrel di vilecgdbd dil
jeter buxglgbr. Vbrb cbjhgbr il pbrâjitre, nb`b clgc ik lb vilecgdbd bctubl di lb celujkb QBLYI
(QBLEX). Ykb viz qui il vbler bctubl si nbyb siliccgekbde, gk`risi il vbler disibde y nb`b clgc ik IKTIX
ik il ticlbde. Il pbrâjitre bctublgzbde quidb istbhlicgde, pire bÿk ke si nb pre`rbjbde. Il usubrge
puidi cbkcilbr il cbjhge nbcgikde clgc ik il hetók YKDE (DISNBCIX).

Cbjhges ik il jikÿ displi`bhli

Lb si`ukdb epcgók pbrb cbjhgbr uk pbrâjitre is siliccgekbr ukb epcgók di uk jikÿ displi`bhli. Les
pbrâjitres ceje Jede di Vidbl rijete puidik tikir des e jâs epcgekis priditirjgkbdbs pbrb

istbhlicir il pbrâjitre. Ik isti cbse, bl nbcir clgc ik il vbler di uk pbrâjitre li pirjgti bl usubrge
bhrgr uk jikÿ displi`bhli. Isti jikÿ displi`bhli ikujirbrâ lbs epcgekis di pre`rbjbcgók
dgspekghlis pbrb il pbrâjitre.

Vre`rbjbcgók dil jeter

Sg is kicisbrge cbjhgbr etre pbrâjitre, puidi nbcirsi ik isti jejikte. Ykb viz qui nbyb cbjhgbde
tedes les pbrâjitres, siliccgeki il hetók VXE@XBJ IK@GKI (VXE@XBJBX JETEX), ik lb pbrti
supirger di lb pbktbllb. SirvgciJbxxℨ li pidgrâ bl usubrge qui cekagrji lb pre`rbjbcgók di les kuives
pbrâjitres. Sg siliccgekb WIS (SÊ) cejikzbrâ il precise di pre`rbjbcgók di les cbjhges.

@ikirblgdbdis
@ikirblgdbdis di SirvgciJbxxℨ y bkâlgsgs di gkstbktâkibs • © 8629 Kbvgstbr, Gkc. Tedes les diricnes risirvbdes. Tedbs lbs jbrcbs sek jbrcbs
cejircgbliss di sus rispictgves tgtulbris. 
cejircgbli
 

SirvgciJbxxℨ Evirvgiw bkd Skbpsnet Bkblysgs | Study @ugdi 21

 

Cekclusgók
Cek iste cekcluyi il curse di cbpbcgtbcgók di Kbvgstbr®? 8629 K23 Jbktikgjgikte dil Jÿltgpli di
iscbpi.

Jucnbs `rbcgbs per su pbrtgcgpbcgók.

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU KETBS
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUU

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUU

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUU

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUU

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUU

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUU

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUU

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUU

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUU

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUU

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUU

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUU

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUU

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUU

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUU

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUU

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUU

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUU

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUU

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUU

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUU
@ikirblgdbdis
@ikirblgdbdis di SirvgciJbxxℨ y bkâlgsgs di gkstbktâkibs • © 8629 Kbvgstbr, Gkc. Tedes les diricnes risirvbdes. Tedbs lbs jbrcbs sek jbrcbs
cejircgbliss di sus rispictgves tgtulbris. 
cejircgbli