1.

1 BASIC PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTER

WITH ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY PROGRAMMING LOGIC AND DESIGN
CPE112_COE || First Year – First Semester
Erman Ace M. Cerujano
Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering – 1b

COMPUTER - The central processing unit (CPU) of a

- The word computer came from the word
“compute” which means to “calculate”
- A computer is an electronic device that store,
retrieves and process data converting it into
information that is useful to people
- Computer is programmed instructions, which
give the machine a purpose and tell it what to
do
- Also, computer comprises different hardware
devices
computer is a piece of hardware that carries
out the instructions of a computer programs.
- It performs basic arithmetic, logical, and
input/output operations of a computer system
- The most powerful microprocessor chip in
your computer
- The “brain” of the computer and performs
most of the actual computing functions
- The CPU determines how quickly the
computer can perform most tasks

5. Motherboard
- The main circuit board of the computer
- The motherboard provides connections for all
the peripheral devices
- All key internal and external components of
your computer plug into the motherboard

BACKING STORAGE DEVICE

6. Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
INPUT DEVICES
- A data storage medium that holds all of the
1. Keyboard
information in your computer
- The peripheral device used to input
- This would include your operating system
information into a computer
(OS), device drivers, programs, and data you
- It provides a set of alphabets, numeric,
have created using your programs (word
punctuations, symbol and control keys
documents spread sheets)
- When a character is pressed, it sends a code
- Retains data when the computer is off
input to the computer, which then displays the
character on the monitor
7. CD-ROM Compact Disk – Read Only
2. Mouse
Memory/Optical Disk Drive (ODD)
- The peripheral device connected to your
- An optical storage technology that stores and
computer, used to reposition the cursor or
plays back data
move the pointer on your screen
- “Read Only” means information can be
- Usually has at least two buttons, that is use to
displayed and used or copied, but cannot be
high light text, open menu items, or launch
deleted or change
programs
- An optical disk drive (ODD) uses a laser light
- Can be wireless or with card
to read data from or write data to an optical
- Some mice have a ball in the bottom that rolls
disc. These include CDs, DNDs, and Blu-ray
as you push the mouse, and some mice have
Discs. This allows you to play music or watch
optical functions
music using pre-recorded discs.
MAIN MEMORY
OUTPUT
3. Random Access Memory (RAM)
8. Monitor
- Act as the main memory of the computer
- The monitor is similar to a television and
- Hardware that stores information while you
displays visual information to the user
work
- Serves as your computer screen
- One of the things your computer run faster
- Monitors are available in two types:
- Not permanent storage of data when you turn
a. Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) – Looks like a
your computer off, all the data in RAM is last
TV Set
b. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) – Called
the flat panel

PROCESSOR 9. Speakers
4. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
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[CPE112_COE] 1.1 BASIC PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTER WITH ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY

- A computer speaker is an output hardware

device that connects to a computer to 15. VGA Cable
generate sound - A VGA cable is used to connect your
- The signal used to produce the sound that is computer monitor. It transfers the picture
created by the computer’s sound card signal from the computer to the monitor so it
can be displayed.
10. Printer
- Device that accept text and graphic output Use of Computer
from a computer and transfers the information 1. Education Field
to paper, usually to standard size sheets of 2. Business
paper 3. Hospitals
- Printers vary in size, speed, sophistication, 4. Banking
and cost. In general, more expensive printers 5. Students/Gaming/Studies
are used for high-resolution color printing. 6. Government Officers
7. Home
8. Marketing
DEVICES THAT PLAYS IMPORTANT ROLE
11. Power Supply
- The power supply unit is the piece of
hardware that’s used to convert the power
provided from the outlet into usable power for
many parts inside the computer. (green and
gray)

ATX Wire Codes

Black Ground Green Power on
Orange +3.3v Purple +5v Stand
by
Red +5v Gray Power
Good
Yellow +12v Brown +3.3v
Sense
Blue -12v White -5v (older
PSU)

12. Case/Computer Box

- Houses all the major parts of computer
- Power supply, motherboard (MoBo), Memory
(RAM), Central Processing Unit (CPU), Hard
Disk Drive, CD-Rom
- The case should be large enough and have
enough fans so the internal components do
not over heat and cause damage themselves
Note: Never put your computer in a small space
or compartment where it can’t breathe. Heat is the
enemy of all computers.

13. CPU Fan

- A heat sink and fan are often used in modern
computer system to keep the processor cool.
Without it, the processor could easily overheat
and become damaged

14. Power Cable

- Power cord is the primary cable that provides
power to the computer, printer, monitor, and
components within a computer

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