THE ARABIC ALPHABET

‫د‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ا ب ت ث‬

‫َدا̀ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫َﺧﺎ‬ ‫ﺧـ‬ ‫َﺣﺎ‬ ‫ﺣـ‬ ` ‫ِﺟﻴ‬
Fk̀ ‫ﺟـ‬ ‫ﺛَﺎ‬ ‫ﺛـ‬ ‫ﺗَﺎ‬ ‫ﺗـ‬ ‫ﺑَﺎ‬ ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ا َﻟ ِﻒ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا َ̀د‬ ‫ـﺨـ‬ ‫ـﺤـ‬ ‫ـﺠـ‬ ‫ا َ̀ث‬ ‫ـﺜـ‬ ‫ا َ̀ت‬ ‫ـﺘـ‬ ‫ا َ̀ب‬ ‫ـﺒـ‬ ‫ا َ̀ب‬
Daal ‫ـﺪ‬ Khaa ‫ـﺦ‬ Haa ‫ـﺢ‬ Jeem ‫ـﺞ‬ Thaa ‫ـﺚ‬ Taa ‫ـﺖ‬ Baa ‫ـﺐ‬ Alif ‫ـﺎ‬

‫ط‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ش‬ ‫س‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ذ‬

‫َﻃﺎ‬ ‫ﻃـ‬ ‫ﺿـ َﺿﺎ̀د‬ ‫ﺻﺎ̀د‬ ‫ﺻـ‬ ` ِ‫ﺷ‬
‫̀ﲔ‬ ‫ﺷـ‬ ` ‫ِﺳ‬
‫̀ﲔ‬ ‫ﺳـ‬ ‫زا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ذا̀ل‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ا َ̀ط‬ ‫ـﻄـ‬ ‫ـﻀـ ا َ̀ض‬ ‫ا َ̀ص‬ ‫ـﺼـ‬ ‫ا َ̀ش‬ ‫ـﺸـ‬ ‫ا َ̀س‬ ‫ـﺴـ‬ ‫ا َ̀ز‬ ‫ا َ `ذ‬
Taa ‫ـﻂ‬ Dhaad ‫ـﺾ‬ Saad ‫ـﺺ‬ Sheen ‫ﺶ‬ Seen ‫ـﺲ‬ Zaa ‫ـﺰ‬ Raa ‫ـﺮ‬ Zhaal ‫ـﺬ‬

‫ظ ع غ ف ق ك ل م‬
` ‫ِﻣﻴ‬
Fk̀ ‫ﻣـ‬ ‫̀م‬jَ ‫ﻟـ‬ ‫ف‬F` ‰
‫ﻛـ ﻛ‬ ‫ﻗَ `ﺎف‬ ‫ﻗـ‬ ‫ﻓَﺎ‬ ‫ﻓـ‬ ` ‫َﻏ‬
‫̀ﲔ‬ ‫ﻏـ‬ ` ‫َﻋ‬
‫̀ﲔ‬ ‫ﻋـ‬ ‫َﻇﺎ‬ ‫ﻇـ‬
‫ا َ̀م‬ ‫ـ¬ـ‬ ‫ا َ̀ل‬ ‫ـﻠـ‬ ‫ـﻜـ ا َ̀ك‬ ‫ا َ `ق‬ ‫ـﻘـ‬ ‫ا َ `ف‬ ‫ـﻔـ‬ ‫ـﻐـ‬ ‫ـﻌـ‬ ‫ا َ̀ظ‬ ‫ـﻈـ‬
Meem ‫ـﻢ‬ Laam ‫ـﻞ‬ Kaaf ‫ـﻚ‬ Qaaf ‫ـﻖ‬ Faa ‫ـﻒ‬ Ghain ‫ـﻎ‬ Ain ‫ـﻊ‬ Zhaa ‫ﻈ‬

‫ي‬ qr/‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬

‫ƒﺎ‬ ‫ƒـ‬ ` ‫ َﻫ‬Z ‫ ا‬E ‫ا‬
‫ﺰ̀ة‬Fَ o ‫َﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ ‫َوا̀و‬ ‫و‬ ‫‚ﻮن‬ ‫‚ـ‬
‫ا َ̀ي‬ ‫ـﻴـ‬ ‫ئؤ‬ ‫ا َ̀ه‬ ‫ـﻬـ‬ ‫ا َ̀و‬ ‫ا َ̀ن‬ ‫ـﻨـ‬
Yaa
‫ـﻲ‬ Hamza Haa ‫ـﻪ‬ Waw ‫ـﻮ‬ Noon ‫ـﻦ‬

The Vowel Signs

Long Vowel Signs Short Vowel Signs
Extended Madd - Extends the corresponding vowel Tanween Harakaat
‫َ ا‬% Fathah Alif / %C Fathah Muqaddarah (Khara Zabar) %a Fathatain (Do Zabar) %َ Fathah (Zabar)

‫ ى‬%َ Fathah Alif Maqsura / %C Fathah Muqaddarah %c Dhammatain (Do Pesh) %ُ Dhammah (Pesh)

‫ ̀و‬%ُ Dhamma Waw / %µ Dhammah Muqaddarah (Ulta Pesh) %b Kasratain (Do Zer) %ِ Kasrah (Zer)

‫ ̀ي‬%ِ Kasra Yaa / %³ Kasra Muqaddarah (Khara Zer)

Tashdeed %M with a Denotes a absence
%‫ﱠ‬ Fathah %° Fathatain %̀ of a vowel
Saakin (Jazm)
Elongated Madd - Elongates the corresponding vowel
%‫ﱡ‬ Dhammah %‫ﱞ‬ Dhammatain
Madd-e-Munfassil ‫ﱢ‬% Kasrah %‫ﱟ‬ Kasratain Denotes a Doubling
Madd-e-Muttaassil & Madd-e-Laazim W% Fathah Muqaddarah %Mof a Letter
Tashdeed
 Alternate Form of Letters
‫ے‬ ‫ہ‬ ß ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬ E
‫ و ئ‬Z‫ا ا‬E
Yeh Heh Swash Taa Alif Yaa Waw Alif
Baree Goal Kaf Marbuta Maksurah Hamza Hamza Hamza

q® qç qæ qå qã qâ qä áq
Meem Ghain Ain Zaa Raa Khaa Haa Jeem

Common Ligatures
qÈ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ا‬+‫ل‬ W ‫ا‬
XF ‫ه‬+‫ل‬+‫ل‬+‫ا‬
qÉ FÆ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ل‬+‫ك‬ × qÖ
‫ﻛ‬ ‫ا‬+‫ك‬
Ü FÚ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ي‬+‫ف‬ Ø ‫ﻛﻼ‬ ‫ا‬+‫ل‬+‫ك‬
Ý ◌FÛ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ے‬+‫ف‬ Þ FG‫ﻓ‬ ‫ى‬+‫ف‬
Ê‫ ـ‬/‫ﰎ‬ Fk‫ﺗ‬ ‫م‬+‫ت‬ ‫ﳉ ـ‬/¸ FÀ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ج‬+‫ل‬
‫ـ‬Î qÂFÄ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ج‬+‫ح‬+‫ب‬ Ì‫ ـ‬/‫ﱘ‬ Fkƒ ‫م‬+‫ي‬
‫ـ‬Ï /Ð Fǂ ‫خ‬+‫ن‬ ‫ـ‬¹/º FqÁ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ح‬+‫ب‬
‫ﺎ‬Ñ/Ò Fk‫ﺟ‬ ‫م‬+‫ج‬ ‫»ـ‬/¼ Fqƒ ‫ج‬+‫ي‬
Ó FkFÂ ‫م‬+‫ه‬+‫ن‬ ½ FkFÃ‫ﺑ‬ ‫م‬+qr+‫ب‬
ÔÕ Fo‫ﻴ‬Fo‫ا ﺣ‬+‫م‬+‫ي‬+‫م‬+‫ح‬
F‰ ¾¿ Fk‫ﻨ‬FÄ‫م ﺟ‬+‫ن‬+‫ح‬+‫ج‬
Compiled By: Nurul Huda: https//nurulhudasa.wordpress.com Free Download: https//archive.org/details/@noorahsa
References: Back to Basics - Qari Basheer Patel, Key to Tajweed - Mujlisul Ulema of South Africa, Nooraani
Qaaidah, Tajweed Made Easy - Madrasah Arabia Islamia, Tajweed for Beginners - Qari Ismail Essack
 Summarised Tajweed Rules
The Arabic Alphabet

As-Sifaat Vowel Signs Rules of Alif Rules of Stopping Makhaarij

Aaridah Lazimah Punctation C E‫ا‬

‫اﳊﻠﻖ‬FG‫ﻗﺼ‬ ‫ﺟﻮف‬
Marks Lowest portion of Pronounced from
the throat closest the empty space
Rules for letters following Without With to the chest inside the mouth
a Noon Saakin & Tanween
‫ ̀ن‬a% %b c% Opposites Opposites q® qr E ‫ا‬
Compulsory
C E‫ا‬
‫ﻗَ `ﻠ َﻘﻠَﺔ‬ Safeer Hams Stop ‫ اﳊﻠﻖ‬D‫د‬
Uppermost portion
‫وﺳﻂاﳊﻠﻖ‬
Middle portion
To read the letter Jahr of the throat of the throat
No Ghunna if followed by so that an echoing
any of the throat letters
sound emanates
Inhiraaf ‘‫ط‬ ‫غخ‬ ‫عح‬
Shiddah Required
When a saakin Bayyinah Stop
Takreer
َ ‫ا‬
‫دﻏﺎم‬Z
appears on the Rikhwah ‫ِﺴﺎن‬M‫ اﻟﻠ‬FG‫ﻗﺼ‬
C E‫ا‬ ‫ِﺴﺎن‬M‫ اﻟﻠ‬FG‫ﻗﺼ‬
C E‫ا‬
following letters, When the extreme When the extreme
Assimilate With Ghunna if
followed by these letters ‫قطبجد‬ Tafasshi ‫ق‬ ‫ج‬ back of the tongue
touches the (bony)
back of the tongue
touches the (soft)
‫ين م و‬ Isti’la palate palate

It will be read with Istifaal

Continue
or Stop
‫ك‬ ‫ق‬
Assimilate Without Ghunna Qalqala Istitaalah
if followed by these letters

Itbaq ‫ِﺴﺎن‬M‫ﺣﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻠ‬ ‫ِﺴﺎن‬M‫ اﻟﻠ‬F‫وﺳﻂ‬

If above letters are in 1
word No Ghunna will apply
‫ﻗ^ ب‬Z ‫ا‬
Change theNoon Saakin or
Tanween into a Meem Saakin
‫ ̀ن ̀م‬a% %b c%
With Ghunna (duration 1
Alif) when followed by
‫ب‬
With Ghunna (duration 1
Alif) when followed by
the following letters
‫تثجدذزسش‬
‫̀ﲔ‬M‫اﻟﻠ‬ ُ ` ‫َﺣ‬
ِ ‫ف‬F Infitah %
Valid
When the back edge then
side of the tongue touches
the roots of the top molars
When the centre of
the tongue enters
the recess of the
and premolars upper palate
When a fatha precedes a Pause ‫ض‬ ‫جشى‬
or ‫̀ي‬ ‫̀و‬ Idhlaq
Ismaat
‫ِﺴﺎن‬M‫◌ ذﻟﻖ اﻟﻠ‬ ‫ِﺴﺎن‬M‫ اﻟﻠ‬F‫ذﻟﻖ‬
they are called Letters of Leen
j# ‫ز‬ When the front edge of When the front edge of
‫ﻏﻨﺔ‬ Continue
the tongue meets the gums
of the six top teeth
the tongue meets the gums
of the eight top front teeth
(right to left premolars)
Pronounced from
‫ ا‬before which there is a %َ
(right to left canines)
‫ل‬
the Nasal Cavity ‫ن‬
‫م‬M & ‫ن‬M ‫ ̀و‬before which there is a %ُ $$
‫ ̀ى‬before which there is a %ِ ‫ِﺴﺎن‬M‫ اﻟﻠ‬F‫ﻃﺮف‬ ‫ِﺴﺎن‬M‫ اﻟﻠ‬F‫ذﻟﻖ‬
Stop at one
only. Either
Will be Read the1st or 2nd
but not both When the tip of When the front edge
With Ghunnah These are known as the Letters the tongue touches of the tongue meets the
the roots of the two gums of the four top
(duration 1 Alif) of Madd - (Duration 1 Alif Only) top front two teeth

‫ص ضط ظ ف ق ك‬ ‫ص‬ ‫تدط‬
front four teeth

When a ◌Alif "88‫ ا‬# takes on a Harakah "88 َ% ُ% %8ِ # Suggested

it changes into a Hamza " #
Pause ‫ِﺴﺎن‬M‫ اﻟﻠ‬F‫ﻃﺮف‬ ‫ِﺴﺎن‬M‫ اﻟﻠ‬F‫ﻃﺮف‬
Rules for letters following
a Meem Saakin ‫̀م‬ The ‫و ئ‬E 8Z ‫ ا‬E ‫ا‬ then act as carriers for the When the tip of the
tongue touches the
When the tip of the
tongue touches the
Hamza " # edge of the two top edge of the two
and bottom front teeth

َ ‫ا‬ M " %f #
!" ‫زسص‬ top front teeth
‫ثذظ‬
‫دﻏﺎم ﺷﻔﻮى‬Z e # g‫اﳌﺪ اﻟﻔﺮ‬
"% Stop Sound
Not Breath
Assimilate the Meem
Saakin into the Meem
Duration 1 to 5 Alif’s
During your recitation be consistent in the duration
‫ﺸﻮم‬y‫ﺧ‬ FG‫اﻟﺸﻔﺔ اﻟﺴﻔﻠ‬
that follows it With Pronounced When the bottom
that you have decided on for each of the Madds
Ghunna (duration 1 Alif)
‫ك‬ from the
Nasal Cavity
lip touches the
two top front
teeth
Preceding
Rule
‫ﻏﻨﺔ‬ ‫ف‬
A Harf-e-Madd followed A Harf-e-Madd followed
With Ghunna (duration by a Hamzah ( ) in the by a Hamzah ( ) in the
‫ﺷﻔ َﺘﺎن‬
1 Alif) when followed
by the letter ‫ب‬
Next Word
Duration 3 Alif’s
Same Word
Duration 3 Alif’s Initiation ‫ب&م‬ ‫و‬
& Stopping The lips close completely The lips close at the
side rounding the lips

No Ghunna if followed by
any other letter, besides
‫بم‬
ُo
Sun Letters - ‫ﺲ‬F ‫ ﱠ‬8‫ا‬
` ‫ﻟﺸ‬8 َ If there appears a% %
For the following letters the Laam
becomes silent and is joined with
the Alif or the letter preceding it
A Harf-e-Madd followed
by a Saakin ( ) which is
caused by Stopping
Duration 1,3 or 5 Alif’s
The Word W
X‫ا‬
Recite with full mouth
if preceded by َ% ُ%
Recite with empty mouth
if preceded by
A Harf-e-Madd followed
by a Saakin ( ) in one word
or a Tashdeed ( )
Duration 5 Alif’s
Full mouth when it hasَ% ُ% or
%̀
is and preceded by َ% ُ%
Empty mouth when it has %
ِ or
is %̀ and preceded by % ِ
If there appears َ% ُ% %ِ c% %b on the
last letter of a word before a stop, then that
letter will be recited with a %̀
C on the last letterof a word
before a stop, then that letter will be recited with a ‫◌ا‬
If the letter is a M% the same rules as above apply,
it will be prolonged between 1½ and 2 of itself
If the last letter is a Taa Marbuta ‫ ة‬when
stopping, it is recited as a ‫ه‬