SEN1622 – Week 2.2 – 20.11.

2018

Internet of Things (IoT)

and Services

Dr. Aaron Ding

Assistant Professor
TPM ICT Section
1
Learning Objectives
• Define and describe IoT, device, system
• Illustrate driving forces for IoT
• Identify and analyze demands of IoT services
• Derive IoT use cases

2
Outline

• IoT Overview
• Use Cases
• Takeaway

3
Outline

• IoT Overview
• Use Cases
• Takeaway

4
 When we talk about IoT
What are we talking about ?

5
Pervasive
* Enter office door
* Log on PC
* Buy food/drinks

RFID chip injected in hand

6
Large Scale
IoT devices connected 2015-2025

growth in billions

Statista Report 2016 7

Versatile
Smart Transport

Smart Home Surveillance

IoT

Wearables Industrial 4.0

8
Security and Privacy ?
• Internet of Too Many Things
– Private and personal data

9
Historical Piece
Jay B. Nash wrote in Spectatoritis in 1932:

“Within our grasp is the leisure of the Greek

citizen, made possible by our mechanical
slaves, which far outnumber his twelve to
fifteen per free man… As we step into a
room, at the touch of a button a dozen light
our way. Another slave sits twenty-four
hours a day at our thermostat, regulating
the heat of our home. Another sits night and
day at our automatic refrigerator. They start
our car; run our motors; shine our shoes; A projection on
and cult our hair. They practically eliminate IoT Impact
time and space by their very fleetness.”

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What exactly is IoT ?

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Internet of Things (IoT)
• ISO/IEC definition
– An infrastructure of interconnected objects, people, systems
and information resources together with intelligent services to
allow them to process information of the physical and the
virtual world and react.

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What is an IoT device ?

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IoT Device: Physical and Digital
• One or a combination of the following elements
– Sensor: provide information about physical entities
– Tags: for identifying physical entities
– Actuator: modify the state of physical entities

Sensing Identification Physical Actions

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How Many Sensors on a Smartphone?
Ambient Light sensor
Proximity sensor
23 + RGB color balance sensor
2+ cameras
3 microphones (ultrasound)
Positioning: Touch screen
- GPS Pressure sensor (display)
- WiFi (fingerprinting) Fingerprint scanner
- Cellular (triangulation) Temperature sensor
- NFC (beaconing) Humidity sensor
- Bluetooth (beaconing) Accelerometer
Magnetometer
Gyroscope
Compass
Barometer

15
Internet of Tags

16
Actuators for Physical World
• Distinct from traditional Internet services
– Physical impact

17
IoT for Digital World
• Virtual / Digital entity
– A discrete software, firmware, or data (e.g., computing
device/system or virtual data storage) that performs a task or
tasks. It is a digital representation of a physical entity

An IoT device can be either

attached to, or embedded
inside a physical entity, or
monitor a physical entity in
its vicinity

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IoT System
• ISO/IEC definition
– A system that is comprised of functions that provide the
system the capabilities for identification, sensing, actuation,
communication, and management, and applications and
services to a user

• Examples
– Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality (AR/VR)
– Connected smart cars
– Unmanned aerial vehicles (e.g., drones)

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How fast is IoT deployment ?

and reasons behind

20
Adoption and Growth
Percentage of Enterprises Adopting IoT
2017: 30% ⇒ 2020: 65%
IoT Spending in Transport and Logistic Industry
2015: $10 billion ⇒ 2020: $40 billion
Business Investment in IoT
2015: $215 billion ⇒ 2020: $832 billion
Number of Connected Devices Worldwide
2018: 23 billion ⇒ 2025: 75 billion
Source: Statista
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Price and Computing Speed

22
The Value of Data
• Success of Big Data, AI and Cloud Computing
– Commercial interests for data (Google, FB, Amazon etc)
– IoT sensing opens new channels

23
Network Bandwidth and Latency
• Capacity and performance of 5G
– ITU IMT-2020: theoretical peak download capacity of 20 Gbps
– Ultra latency: 1ms
– Mobility support: 500 km/h
– 600 MHz – 6 GHz and millimeter wave bands 24–86 GHz
– Pervasive connectivity

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Energy Efficiency and IPv6
• Low power and scalable communications
– Bluetooth Low Energy 5.0
– IPv6 with 2^128 Internet addresses, i.e.,
340,282,366,920,938,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000

0.153 μW/bit

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What about IoT services ?

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Towards Cyber-Physical Integration
• Fast evolving of Internet services
– Responsive, pervasive, versatile

A. Y. Ding, M. Janssen. 2018. Opportunities for Applications Using 5G Networks:

Requirements, Challenges, and Outlook. In Proceedings of the 7th International
Conference on Telecommunications and Remote Sensing (ICTRS '18) 27
Traditional Internet vs. IoT Services

Traditional IoT
Source of Content People Machines, People,
Environment
Content Consumption On demand Data and condition
driven
Content Localization Hyper link (URL) Physical tagging,
IPv6
Added Values Information Automation and
sharing control

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Why We Want Such Services ?
• Automation (e.g., driving)
• Convenient control (e.g., Amazon Echo)
• Access to data
• Do things faster
• …

Perhaps, we are just lazy

29
What do we really need ?

30
Outline

• IoT Overview
• Use Cases
• Takeaway

31
How many of you can live without
your smartphone for a day ?
How about a week ?

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Can IoT make us better ?

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Better Social Life
Better Focus
Better Sleep
Better Memory
Better Collaboration
Better Decision
To Create Time

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How ?

35
Learn from Use Cases
• IoT services in practical context
– Target users, hw/sw, platform, architecture, data, actions

• Use cases
– iConfig for device management
– LocalVLC for service discovery and advertisement
– RFID in smart LED lamp

• Pilots
– Toronto and Delft

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iConfig

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iConfig for IoT Management

what I see is what i Configure

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IoT Device Management
• Google IoT Research Pilot Award
– Lots of IoT devices from Google
– Testbed for IoT

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Big Problem in IoT
• IoT device configuration
– No backend
– No fixed connectivity
– Poor UI
– Pure manual
– Error prone
– Time consuming

• Hard to scale
– 1 or 2: doable
– 10+: some push needed
– 100+: will get people mad

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Service to Make IoT Easy to Manage
• Portable and modular
– Android devices: phones, wearables

Add-on Services
Control Web
BLE Beacons for BLE Beacons
Interface Service
- Monitoring
- Debugging
- Localization Backend
Module Config
Storage
IoT Boards Configuration
Edge Module

Synchronization
Communication
Identify

Interface
Register
Update
Smart Glass Update
Smart Watch ...
Smartphone Action Queue
Smart Environment iConfig
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But, this does not work out…

42
Solve the Core Problem ?
• Reflections
– Traditional web UI and backend
– Old fashion interaction

43
 Adjust the Design
• Interaction
– From hands to voice
– Smart glasses

what you see is what you configure

• Usage scenarios
– Building system automation
– Debug and monitor indoor IoT devices
– Energy-aware management
• Disable devices in off-peak hours

44
Hit the Spot !
• iConfig for IoT

Managing IoT at the Edge: The

Case for BLE Beacons.
SmartObjects @ MobiCom ’17

Demo: iConfig: What I See is

What I Configure. CHANTS @
MobiCom ’17

45
 “The Virtual Factory: Hologram-Enabled Control and
Next Move Monitoring of Industrial IoT Devices” IEEE AIVR 2018

• More autonomous
– Sky is the limit
– Challenging environments

Hologram based AR/VR

iConfig 2.0
iConfig

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LocalVLC

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The Dark Side of Wireless
• Using WiFi to see through walls
– Track position, actions, and movement of individuals
– Even behind closed doors

48
Local Sharing with Privacy Protection
• Wireless is (too) pervasive
– Hard to control information boundary
– Bluetooth, WiFi
– How to do localized sharing?

49
Visible Light Communication (VLC)
• Visible light is nature in distance boundary
– Fine-grained information boundary control
– Does not interfere with existing wireless channels
– Many devices already have light sensors !

50
LocalVLC
• Visible light based IoT system
– Localized service discovery and advertisement
– Smart home authentication

51
Core Design
• System design
– Morse coding for light
– Linux kernel modules
– Algorithms and protocols

52
System Implementation
• Light based system
– 3D printed bulb
– Out-of-Shelf components

53
Practical Context
• Hands-free wireless authentication
– Interaction and authentication with IoT

• MobiSys 2018 live demo in Munich

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RFID in LED

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RFID Tagging for Indoor
• Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) embedded LED
– Indoor tracking and interaction
– Daily used LED bulb

56
Core Design
• RFID integrated with LED light notification
– Data tags with actuator on LED
– Localization, Data-to-Light channel

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Use Scenarios
• Timer notification
• Item expiration reminder

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Practical Context
• For elderly people
– Overcome eye sight issue

• For families
– Interactive and engaging

User Experience

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Pilot Projects

60
Pilot in Toronto Waterfront - Sidewalk
• Canadian initiative on smart city
– Google and Canadian government
– Eco-friendly urbanism, recirculate energy, self-driving

61
Pilot in Delft
• Delft IoT and AI
– Green village
– Robovalley
– Delft south station

62
Outline

• IoT Overview
• Use Cases
• Takeaway

63
How Do We Design Service
When Everything Becomes a
Computer ?

Even part of us

64
Reference
• Rachel Metz. 2018 . This company embeds microchips in its employees, and they love it.
MIT Technology Review. https://www.technologyreview.com/s/611884/this-company-
embeds-microchips-in-its-employees-and-they-love-it/
• “Information technology - Internet of Things - Definition and Vocabulary”, ISO/IEC JTC 1
N13023
• Managing IoT at the Edge: The Case for BLE Beacons. SmartObjects @ MobiCom ’17
• Demo: iConfig: What I See is What I Configure. CHANTS @ MobiCom ’17
• M. Haus, A. Y. Ding, C. Xu, J. Ott. 2018. Touchless Wireless Authentication via LocalVLC.
In Proceedings of the 16th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems,
Applications, and Services (MobiSys '18).
• Jeremy Gummeson, James Mccann, Chouchang (JACK) Yang, Damith Ranasinghe,
Scott Hudson, and Alanson Sample. 2017. RFID Light Bulb: Enabling Ubiquitous
Deployment of Interactive RFID Systems. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous
Technol. 1, 2, Article 12

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