FORM 2

THE PATENTS ACT 1970

(39 OF 1970)
&
The Patents Rule, 2003

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See Section 10 and Rule 13)

TITLE OF THE INVENTION: A WEARABLE DEVICE AND METHOD TO TRACK A

SUBJECT

Applicant:

Name: B.S ABDUR RAHMAN CRESCENT INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY

Address: SEETHAKATHI ESTATE, GST ROAD, VANDALUR, CHENNAI -

600048, TAMIL NADU

Nationality: Indian

PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION

The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is
to be performed.
 TITLE OF THE INVENTION: A WEARABLE DEVICE AND METHOD TO
TRACK A SUBJECT

This application claims the priority of Provisional Applications 201941041489, filed

on October 14, 2019, and 202041019146, filed on May 5, 2020, the contents of both
5 of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure is generally related to a device and method to track a subject.
Particularly, it is related to a wearable device and method to track a subject.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

10 In the early days, Latitude and Longitude were the only two parameters to locate a
place or a person anywhere in the world. However, after the advent of Northings and
Eastings, two parameters containing 16 digits were construed, which were not
adaptable for use by a common man.

The use of Latitude and Longitude or Northings and Eastings was limited to the
15 scientific community alone. Postal or Courier system primarily followed the old
system of writing the name of the person, name of the street, name of the village or a
place, name of the district, name of the state, name of the nation etc.. All these are
paper-intensive and complicated.

Introduction of the internet and mobile phone services have brought about a major
20 revolution in communication between human beings, and also in data analysis. They
have made the life of humanity easier than before. Among various advantages, the use
of digital maps through computers and mobile phones have made navigation and
location identification easier for travellers. Recent advances in mobile communication,
and accurate location and positioning through sensor technology networks, are the
25 driving forces pushing mobile-networked systems.

Digital maps are quite helpful to use in mobile applications. However, existing map
applications suffer from various disadvantages. For example, not all the addresses in a
city, town, or other such locality are recognized, especially those in significantly
 smaller regions or under developed areas, as a result of which it becomes chaotic for
the user to reach the desired location.

Similarly, many locations may be displayed for a common name. For example,
“Gandhi Road” and “Nehru Street” are common names in India, and there may be
5 more than one place with the same name in a locality. This similarity of geographic
names and places results in a high probability of inappropriate recognition of the
desired place on the map. Thus, the user has no idea, which is the correct location.

Additionally, GPS has some limitations on accuracy, and the user may find it difficult
to identify the exact location. Further, on currently available navigation tools, limitless
10 volume of data on the internet is instantly synchronized to display a location to a user
as per his needs. Furthermore, the user can be tracked only if the user travels with
his/her mobile phone, through which the navigation tool is accessed by the user.

There is, therefore, a need in the art for a wearable device and method to track a subject
that overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks and shortcomings.

15 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A wearable device to track a subject is disclosed. The device comprises an at least a

control unit. Said at least one control unit controls and monitors the operations of the
device. Said at least one control unit is communicatively associated with: an at least a
sensor, a communication module, a power supply unit; an at least an indicator; an
20 interface; and an at least a memory.

The at least one sensor includes an at least a location sensor. Said at least one location
sensor collects Latitude – Longitude data, and/or Northings and Eastings data, either
automatically at pre-defined intervals, or based on the request of a user. Said data is
converted into an eight digit alphanumeric unique universal code that is unique for
25 every location.

3
 The communication module facilitates the interaction of the device with an application
installable on a computing device, through which the device is configured and
controlled remotely by the user.

An alert or a notification is issued through the application installable on a computing

5 device, if the device is removed from a subject.

The power supply unit powers the device, with the at least one indicator indicating the
status of power.

The at least one memory comprises an at least a pre-defined instruction that facilitates
the operations of the device.

10 The disclosed device and/or method offer the following advantages: eliminate the need
to remember the name of a location or place; alphanumeric codes are easy to represent
and communicate with others; eliminate the need for landmarks or other such
indicators; alphanumeric codes can be stored, shared, retrieved, and accessed more
conveniently; and can easily trace a subject’s location with 1 metre accuracy.

15 The disclosed device and/or method are also effective in real-time tracking of
quarantined persons.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram of an embodiment of a wearable device to track a

subject, in accordance with the present disclosure.

20 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Throughout this specification, the use of the word "comprise", “have”, “contain” and
“include”, and variations such as "comprises", "comprising", “having”, “contains”,
“containing”, “includes”, and “including” may imply the inclusion of an element or
elements not specifically recited. The disclosed embodiments may be embodied in
25 various other forms as well.

Throughout this specification, the phrases “at least a”, “at least an”, and “at least one”
are used interchangeably.

4
 Throughout this specification, the phrase ‘application on a computing device’ and its
variations are to be construed as being inclusive of: application installable on a
computing device, website hosted on a computing device, web application installed on
a computing device, website accessible from a computing device, and web application
5 accessible from a computing device.

Throughout this specification, the phrase ‘computing device’ and its variations are to
be construed as being inclusive of: the Cloud, remote servers, desktop computers,
laptop computers, mobile phones, smart phones, tablets, phablets, and smart watches.

Throughout this specification, the use of the word “communication” and its variations
10 (such as communicatively) are to be construed being inclusive of one-way
communication and two-way communication, as the case may be.

Throughout this specification, the use of the word “device” is to be construed as a set
of technical components that are communicatively associated with each other, and
function together as part of a mechanism to achieve a desired technical result.

15 Also, it is to be noted that embodiments may be described as a method depicted as a

flow chart, a flow diagram, a dataflow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block
diagram. Although a flow chart describes the operations as a sequential process, many
of the operations may be performed in parallel, concurrently, or simultaneously. In
addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A method may be terminated
20 when its operations are completed, but may also have additional steps not included in
the figure(s).

A wearable device (100) to track a subject is disclosed (hereinafter “device”). In an

embodiment of the present disclosure, the wearable device (100) broadly comprises:
an at least a sensor (120); an at least a control unit (110); a communication module
25 (130); a power supply unit (150); an interface (140); an at least an indicator (160); and
an at least a memory (170).

The at least one control unit (110) controls and monitors the operations of the device
(100). The at least one control unit (110) receives input signals from components, such
as the at least one sensor (120), the communication module (130), and the power

5
 supply unit (150), and transmits appropriate instructions to components, such as the at
least one indicator (160), and the interface (140).

In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the at least one control unit (110) is
a microcontroller.

5 In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the at least one control unit (110)
is a System on Chip (SoC).

The communication module (130) facilitates the interaction of the device (100) with
an application installable on a computing device, through which the device (100) may
be configured and controlled remotely by an operator or a user.

10 The communication of the device (100) with the computing device may occur through
wireless internet, mobile data, Bluetooth Low Energy, LoRa, ZigBee, or the like. A
display of the computing device may also function as an interface.

The power supply unit (150) powers the device. The device (100) may be powered
through an at least a rechargeable battery (for example, Lithium Ion battery).
15 Alternately, or in addition to the at least one rechargeable battery, the device (100)
may also comprise a solar panel that powers the device (100). The status of power may
be indicated through the interface (140) and/or the at least one indicator (160).

Said at least one memory comprises an at least a pre-defined instruction that facilitates
the operations of the device (100). The memory (170) may be of any type known in
20 the art.

In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the at least one indicator (160) is
a LED indicator.

In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the subject is a human being.

In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the subject is an animal.

25 In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the wearable device (100) is
configured to be in the form of a watch.

6
 In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the wearable device (100) is
configured to be in the form of a headband.

In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the wearable device (100) is
configured to be in the form of a wrist band.

5 In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, an alert and/or a notification is

issued through the application installable on a computing device, if the device (100) is
removed from the subject. The alert may be of any type known in the art, including,
but not limited to, text messages, voice calls, and alarms.

The disclosed device (100) and/or method efficiently track the subject based on a
10 simple alphanumeric system derived from the Northings and Eastings, and Latitude
and Longitude numbers.

In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the device (100) and/or method
comprise a simple 8 digit alphanumeric unique universal code that is embedded in the
device (100) or is generated through the application on a computing device.

15 The device (100) and/or method convert the Latitude – Longitude data into the unique
universal code to locate a place using GPS navigation tools. This way, the unique
universal code is instantly generated and assigned to a unique location. In yet another
embodiment of the present disclosure, the at least one sensor (120) includes an at least
a location sensor that collects Latitude – Longitude data, and/or Northings and
20 Eastings data, either automatically at pre-defined intervals, or based on the request of
the user or operator.

Contrary to the idea based on Northings and Eastings, which establishes a 16 digit
number, the unique universal code is only of 8 digits, which is easy to record, transmit,
retrieve, and remember. The alphanumeric unique universal code is applied on the
25 output of a GPS system to understand and use the GPS tool more efficiently.

The unique universal code is generated by assigning two digit numbers to single digit
alphabets. The English language has 26 alphabets. Each alphabet has two cases – one
is upper case (A, B, C, D, etc.) and the other is lower case (a, b, c, d, etc.) Additionally,

7
 if prime is added to each alphabet, we have A’, B’, C’, D’, etc., and a’, b’, c’, d’, etc.
Apart from this, we have the numbers 0 to 9.

Accordingly, numbers are assigned. For example, 00 = 0; 01 = 1……09 = 9; and 10 =

A; 20 = M; 30 = X; 40 = H’; 50 = U’; 60 = e’; 70 = r’; 80 = b; 90 = r; 99 = x, etc. This
5 way, 00 to 99, which are 100 numbers, are converted into simple alphanumerics, which
can be used to reduce the two digit numerics to one digit alphabet.

In addition, the Northings and Eastings are also normalised for simplicity, as shown in
the following table with example of a location.

Northings Easting Normalized Normalized Alphanumerics

(=Latitude) (=Longitude) Northings Eastings
(90+) (180+)
12.87659 80.08500 102.87659 260.08500 AVx’d’T0g0 =
1028765926008500
Here,
A=10
V=28
x’=76
d’=59
T=26
0=00
g=85
0=00

10 For one meter accuracy to define a location, one requires the number with five
decimals for Northings and Eastings. Accordingly, 16 digit numerics with 5 decimals
are assigned to 8 digit alphanumerics.

In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the unique universal code can
also be reduced to 4 digit code if it is specific to: regional or local reference or a
15 country.

8
 The applications of the disclosed device (100) and method are illustrated with the
following non-limiting examples:

EXAMPLE 1:

The present practice of locating a house or a place is through the conventional address
5 system. Recently, digital maps are helping to locate addresses in a locality. Through
the disclosed device and/or method, instead of the address, the user obtains the unique
universal code through the application installable on a computing device, with which
the user can locate a place accurately.

All addresses can have the unique universal code, in accordance with the present
10 disclosure, as their address. This greatly simplifies the present address system. This
also helps all municipality officers, town planning officers, survey officers, and the
like. The 8 digit unique universal code may be displayed outside an address on a board.

EXAMPLE 2:

In the present day, there are many mobile phone models that are being released with
15 new features, and the data can be analyzed to understand their effective use. Similarly,
there is stiff competition among service providers also. Each country has its own
service providers, who compete with each other, promoting their additional features,
which are not provided by other service providers.

In such a scenario, the disclosed device and/or method can be incorporated by service
20 providers as extra or value-added services to the users. For example, while taking the
service, the user needs to provide a unique postal address. The service provider, while
allocating a mobile number, can also allocate the unique universal code corresponding
to the address. This greatly helps all the users of the service provider, for easy
communication of their address with others.

25 Such facility can be provided not only to new customers, but also to old customers.
The old customers can get the unique universal code by locating their address through
the application on a computing device. This way, both old and new customers are
benefitted through the service provider.

9
 EXAMPLE 3:

Postal services all over the world help the society in movement of goods, postal letters,
parcels, gifts, and the like. Goods that need to be carried from location ‘A’ to ‘B’
involve lengthy address details, usually of 5 to 6 lines, along with the name of the
5 person to whom the goods are to be delivered. A landmark may also have to be
provided for easy identification. All such procedures are lengthy and involve lot of
time. In fact, the disclosed unique universal code does not require any known address.
Without address also, one can obtain the disclosed unique universal code through the
location details obtained by the at least one sensor, which are subsequently converted
10 into the unique universal code.

With the disclosed device and/or method, just two lines are enough to send goods to
anywhere in the world. First line is the name of the person and the second line is the
unique universal code. In case of a multi-level building, the flat or apartment number
is also required.

15 With drone delivery systems, drones need to be guided with accurate location. Just
address is not enough. With the unique universal code obtained through the disclosed
device and/or method, one meter accuracy is possible in an embodiment. Drone will
navigate its path based on the given unique universal code and deliver the goods.

EXAMPLE 4:

20 Waiting time in emergency in hospitals is a major issue in some countries. In fire

accidents and medical emergencies, one needs to reach the place urgently without
ambiguity. Majority of the times, the emergency vehicle arrives close to the place, but
not at the actual place, due to poor address details. This way, crucial time is lost due
to bad communication and address details.

25 In such situations, the disclosed device and/or method will be of great help. Once the
emergency services are informed of the unique universal code of the location, they can
easily reach the location without ambiguity. This holds true with regards to taxi
services as well.

10
 EXAMPLE 5:

Many commercial establishments lose their business due to change of their location.
Old customers cannot easily identify a new location of a firm, hospital, or
establishment. The present address system, with extra information provided through
5 land marks etc., is cumbersome to find the new location by the customers. Business
addresses are made easy with the disclosed device and/or method.

For example Business A has moved from place X to place Y. A simple board at place
X can say that the business has moved to ABCD’1234 (the unique universal code).
This is enough for the users to find the new location easily. The new address may not
10 have house number, street number, etc. Still, one can find the location without a
problem.

EXAMPLE 6:

Nowadays, e-commerce has become a profitable business. These vendors need a clear
address without ambiguity. Unfortunately, all municipalities have not provided a clear
15 address system for all the locations. Accordingly, they are not digital, and not traceable
through the internet.

This way, e-commerce vendors cannot accept commercial orders without proper
registered addresses. Even known address locations may face problems during door
delivery. By not accepting the orders of the customers, vendors are losing their
20 business. The disclosed device and/or method will solve all such problems with ease.
This holds true with regards to home service providers as well.

EXAMPLE 7:

A new challenge is the development of data-storage devices. Nowadays, database

creation has become mandatory for all institutes, organizations, etc. The employee
25 information contains addresses, with a minimum of four to five lines. If there are
millions of employees, huge amount of information is to be stored on a computer; thus,
space for the storage is an issue.

11
 Each address occupies about 50 bytes, assuming 50 alphabets, while the unique
universal code obtained through the disclosed device and/or method requires only 8
bytes. This way, the memory storage reduces by more than 5 times. Similarly,
communication of the address from one system to another system can be faster.

5 EXAMPLE 8:

Navigation by sea and air are important. Instead of communicating with Latitude and
Longitude, the unique universal code obtained through the disclosed device and/or
method is much simpler to record and communicate. There are no landmarks during
such navigation. With the unique universal code, one can easily communicate the
10 location of a ship, boat, aircraft, helicopter, etc.

In air navigation systems, every second, LKC (Last Known Coordinates) is transmitted
from the plane to two or more monitoring stations on the ground. In doing so, some 16
or 20 digit number is sent to the ground.

For quick communication, instead of lengthy numbers, the unique universal code
15 obtained through the disclosed device and/or method is enough to find the location of
the flight. This way, computer memory and, in turn, energy can be saved in the long
run. Additionally, the flight path coordinates storage can be made simpler.

EXAMPLE 9:

One way of controlling pandemics is to limit or prohibit the movement of people from
20 the country of origin of the disease. Through the disclosed device and/or method,
people can be effectively monitored. The live location could be transmitted
automatically to a central station for every 15 minutes, 10 minutes, 5 minutes, etc. as
per the need.

The disclosed device and/or method offer the following advantages: eliminates the
25 need to remember the name of a location or place; alphanumeric codes are easy to
represent and communicate with others; eliminates the need for landmarks or other
such indicators; alphanumeric codes can be stored, shared, retrieved, and accessed
more conveniently; and can easily trace a subject’s location with 1 metre accuracy.

12
 Further, in logistics and transportation industries, only the name of the person and the
unique universal code are sufficient to ensure that a consignment reaches the desired
destination anywhere in the world.

In the present crisis of COVID-19, monitoring of human spatial mobility has become
5 very important. The movement of people with positive test result needs to be
monitored accurately. Additionally, those persons who are travelling from a virus-
affected country also need to be monitored.

The disclosed device (100) and/or method are also effective in real-time tracking of
quarantined persons. The persons may be quarantined due to various reasons,
10 including, but not limited to, viral infections. At least an operator in a control room
may continuously monitor the status of quarantined persons through the application
installable on a computing device.

The unique universal code generated through the disclosed device (100) and/or method
is superior to existing technologies. Codes generated through existing technologies can
15 direct the user to many locations, based on the State, Area, or Nation, and, thus, are
not unique.

It will be apparent to a person skilled in the art that the above description is for
illustrative purposes only and should not be considered as limiting. Various
modifications, additions, alterations and improvements without deviating from the
20 spirit and the scope of the disclosure may be made by a person skilled in the art. Such
modifications, additions, alterations and improvements should be construed as being
within the scope of this disclosure.

Ramesh Kannan P
Agent for the Applicant
IN/PA-2843

13
 LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

100 - Wearable Device to Track a Subject

110 - At Least One Control Unit

120 - At Least One Sensor

5 130 - Communication Module

140 - An Interface

150 - Power Supply Unit

160 - At Least One Indicator

170 - At Least One Memory

Ramesh Kannan P
Agent for the Applicant
IN/PA-2843

14
 CLAIMS

We claim:

1. A wearable device (100) to track a subject, comprising:

an at least a control unit (110), said at least one control unit (110):
5 controlling and monitoring the operations of the device (100); and being
communicatively associated with: an at least a sensor (120), a
communication module (130), a power supply unit (150); an at least an
indicator (160); an interface (140); and an at least a memory (170);

the at least one sensor (120) that includes an at least a location sensor, said
10 at least one location sensor collecting Latitude – Longitude data, Northings
and Eastings data, or both Latitude – Longitude data, Northings and
Eastings data, either automatically at pre-defined intervals, or based on the
request of a user, said data being converted into an eight digit
alphanumeric unique universal code that is unique for every location;

15 the communication module (130) that facilitates the interaction of the

device (100) with an application installable on a computing device,
through which the device (100) is configured and controlled remotely by
the user, with an alert or a notification being issued through the application
installable on a computing device, if the device (100) is removed from a
20 subject;

the power supply unit (150) that powers the device (100);

the at least one indicator (160) that indicates the status of power; and

the at least one memory (170) that comprises an at least a pre-defined

instruction that facilitates the operations of the device (100).

25
2. The wearable device (100) to track a subject as claimed in clam 1, wherein the
at least one control unit (110) is a microcontroller or System on Chip.

15
 3. The wearable device (100) to track a subject as claimed in clam 1, wherein the
device (100) is powered through an at least a rechargeable battery.

4. The wearable device (100) to track a subject as claimed in clam 1, wherein the
5 at least one indicator (160) is a LED indicator.

5. The wearable device (100) to track a subject as claimed in clam 1, wherein the
subject is a human being or an animal.

10 6. The wearable device (100) to track a subject as claimed in clam 1, wherein the
wearable device (100) is configured to be in the form of a: watch; headband;
or a wrist band.

7. The wearable device (100) to track a subject as claimed in clam 1, wherein the
15 unique universal code is generated by assigning two digit numbers to single
digit alphabets.

Date: 14/10/2019

Ramesh Kannan P
Agent for the Applicant
IN/PA-2843

16
 ABSTRACT

A WEARABLE DEVICE AND METHOD TO TRACK A SUBJECT

A wearable device (100) to track a subject is disclosed. The wearable device (100)
comprises: an at least a sensor (120); an at least a control unit (110); a communication
5 module (130); a power supply unit (150); an interface (140); an at least an indicator
(160); and an at least a memory (170). The at least one sensor (120) includes an at least
a location sensor. Said at least one location sensor collects Latitude – Longitude data,
and/or Northings and Eastings data, either automatically at pre-defined intervals, or
based on the request of a user. Said data is converted into an eight digit alphanumeric
10 code that is unique for every location. The wearable device (100) may be configured
to be in the form of a: watch; headband; or a wrist band. The disclosed device (100)
and/or method are effective in real-time tracking of quarantined persons.

Figure to be Included: Figure 1

Ramesh Kannan P
Agent for the Applicant
IN/PA-2843

17