Which level of biological

organization is represented by our

digestive tract?
Savanna and taiga belong to what
specific biological level of
organization?
What level of the biological
organization is defined as the group
of different species living in the
same area?
Give the sequence of biological
organization from least to most
encompassing
 The Cell:
Basic Principles
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OBJECTIVES:
o identify different cell basic principles
o explain the postulates of the cell theory
 The Cell:
Basic Principles
The Cell: Basic Principles

All living organisms in the kingdoms

of life are composed of and depend
on cells to function normally. Cells
are the simplest unit of matter that is
living.
The Cell: Basic Principles
The two primary kinds of cells
are eukaryotic cells, which have a
true nucleus containing DNA
and prokaryotic cells, which have no true
nucleus. Examples of Eukaryotic cells
include animal cells, plant
cells, and fungal cells, while Prokaryotic
cells include bacteria and Archaeans.
The Cell: Basic Principles
Cells contain organelles, or tiny
cellular structures, that carry out
specific functions necessary for
normal cellular operation. Cells also
contain DNA and RNA, the genetic
information necessary for directing
cellular activities.
The Cell: Basic Principles

Cell Reproduction
Eukaryotic cells grow and reproduce
through a complex sequence of events
called the cell cycle. At the end of the
cycle, cells will divide either through the
processes of mitosis or meiosis. Somatic
cells replicate through mitosis and sex
cells reproduce via meiosis.
The Cell: Basic Principles

Cell Reproduction
Prokaryotic cells reproduce commonly
through a type of asexual reproduction
called binary fission. Higher organisms are
also capable of asexual reproduction
through the formation of spores (plants),
budding, fragmentation, regeneration,
and parthenogenesis (animals).
 The Cell: Basic Principles (Cellular Processes)

Photosynthesis and
Respiration
Cells undergo the complex process of cellular
respiration in order to obtain energy stored in
the nutrients consumed. Photosynthetic
organisms are capable of photosynthesis. In
photosynthesis, light energy from the sun is
converted to glucose.
The Cell: Basic Principles (Cellular Processes)

Endocytosis and
Exocytosis
Cells also perform the active transport
processes of endocytosis and exocytosis.
These processes allow molecule
transportation between cells.
The Cell: Basic Principles (Cellular Processes)

Cell Migration
Cell migration is a process that is vital for
the development of tissues and organs.
Cell movement is also required
for mitosis and cytokinesis to occur. Cell
migration is made possible by
interactions between motor enzymes
and cytoskeleton microtubules.
The Cell: Basic Principles (Cellular Processes)

DNA Replication and

Protein Synthesis
The cell process of DNA replication is an
important function that is needed for several
processes including chromosome synthesis
and cell division to occur. DNA
transcription and RNA translation make the
process of protein synthesis possible.