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Coordinate Geometry 1
Coordinate Geometry 1
Coordinate Geometry 1
Oniel Francis
What is coordinate geometry?
y=mx+c
So named because of the variables m and c which
represent the slope(gradient) and the y –intercept
respectively
Point Slope Form
y - y1 = m (x - x1).
The point slope form is useful if the slope m and a point (x1 ,
y1) through which the line passes are known.
Example 2: The equation of a line that passes through the
point (5 , 7) and has slope - 3 may be written as follows:
y - 7 = - 3 (x - 7)
The General Form
Ax + By + C = 0
Note:
1. A, B and C cannot be rational numbers (fractions)
2. A must be a positive integer
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
-2
Changing from slope intercept to
general form
Change the equation y = 2x + 2 to general form
Steps :
ta-daaaaaaa !!!
11
1. y = − 10 𝑥 + 1
2. 3y = 12x – 4
3
3. y = 5x - 4
2 2
4. 𝑦 = - 5𝑥 + 4
3
The general form
and intercepts
Remember :
At the y intercept the value of
x =0 ie(0,y)
Y intercept
Let x = 0
2(0) -5y + 10 = 0
-5y + 10 = 0
-5y = -10
Y=2 therefore the y intercept is (0 , 2)
The gradient/slope of a straight line
The slope of a line can positive, negative, zero or undefined
Positive Slope
Negative Slope
ZERO SLOPE
UNDEFINED SLOPE
Slope/ Gradient Formula
The midpoint of a line
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NpB3WPuBMT4hHcVEh1mdHtzMCJfKPnJK/view?usp
=drivesdk
Parallel lines
Given that the lines represented by y=m1x + c and y = m2x + c are parallel.
We can conclude that :
m1 = m2
Perpendicular lines
If you visualize a line with positive slope (so it's an increasing line), then
the perpendicular line must have negative slope (because it will have to be
a decreasing line). So perpendicular lines have slopes which have
opposite signs.
The other "opposite" thing with perpendicular slopes is that their values
are reciprocals; that is, you take the one slope value, and flip it upside
down.
Put both together and you get that the slope of a perpendicular line is
the "negative reciprocal" of the slope of the original line
Perpendicular lines
Think about it !
1. One line passes through the points (–1, 2) and (1, 2); another
line passes through the points(-2, 0) and (0, 4).
Are these lines parallel, perpendicular, or neither?
2. One line passes through the points (0, –4) and (–1, –7);
another line passes through the points (3, 0) and (–3, 2). Are
these lines parallel, perpendicular, or neither?
Determine the equation of the line parallel to 0 = 3x – y + 6,
if that line passes through the point (4,7)
y – 7 = 3(x – 4) simplifying
0= 3x – y -12 + 7
Therefore 0 = 3x – y -5
Write the equation of the line in general form
perpendicular to the line y = -5x +1 and passing through
the point (2, -1)
Remember if l1 and l2 are perpendicular then if the gradient of
1
l1= m l2 = - 𝑚
Note : m1 x m2 = -1
Therefore -5 x m2 = -1
-5 m2 = -1 (dividing by -5)
1
m2 =
5
STEP2. Insert the given point and the gradient we found into the slope point
equation.
y - y1 = m (x - x1).
1
y –(-1) = 5 ( x – 2)
𝑥 2
y+1=5 −5
𝑥 2
0 = 5 - y - 5 − 1 (remember no fractions)
multiply by 5
0 = x – 5y -2 -5
0 = x – 5y - 7
Try These
Now we know that to find the length of a line segment we simple need to use
the formula:
Length = 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 + 𝑦2 − 𝑦1
1) What is the distance between the points C(-2, 3) and D(0, 5)?
length = 3−5 2 + −2 − 0 2
= −2 2 + −2 2
= 4+4
= 8
Try these
y = 3x – 3
Let x equal to 10
y = 30 – 3
Giving y = 27
https://docs.google.com/file/d/1UUUj2tghBHJFjnRqni6MDMInLsbGHSja/edit?us
p=docslist_api&filetype=msword
Sample Problems
1.) Find the coordinates of all points where the given lines or parabola and
line intersect each other.
a) 0 = 6x – y + 11 y - 2x + 5 = 0
b) y = 2x 2 - 8x + 1 y = -4x - 1
Lets see what you have learnt
Consider the line t given by the equation: 2x + 5y + 30 = 0