POLYNOMIAL

Polynomial Non-Polynomial
(Polynomial Expression) (Non-Polynomial Expression)

Exponent (power) of all term must be whole Exponent of any term other than whole
number. number.
Ex-- Ex--

# Degree of Polynomial -- Highest exponent or power among all the terms.

Ex—

# Classification of Polynomial
Based on number of terms Based on degree of polynomial

No.of Name Example Degree Name Example

Terms
0 Constant
Polynomial
1 Monomial 1 Linear
2 Binomial 2 Quadratic
3 Trinomial 3 Cubic

NOTE—Always simplify polynomial before checking no. of terms.

#Zero Polynomial –
0

# Value of a polynomial

# Zero/Solution/Root of a polynomial
Zero of polynomial is that value of variable by putting which the polynomial becomes zero.
>>Suppose ‘c’ is zero/solution/root of a polynomial p(x)
Then
p(c) =0
Ex—

Zero constant Polynomial Non-zero Constant Polynomial

Ex- 0 Ex- 5,-6,etc
All real numbers are solution/root. No solution

# Ways to write a polynomial

Polynomial –

Standard Form A polynomial written in descending power of its variable.

Index Form

Coefficient Form If polynomial expressed just by writing coefficient.

NOTE—Before writing a polynomial in coefficient form, write it in Index

form first.

Some theorem related to polynomial

1.Remainder Theorem
For polynomial p(x) of degree >= 1
If
p(x) / (x-a)

then

remainder = p(a)

Proof :
Let p(x) be any polynomial with degree >= 1.
Suppose that when p(x) is divided by (x – a),
the quotient is q(x) and
the remainder is r(x),
i.e., p(x) = (x – a) q(x) + r(x)
Since the degree of (x – a) is 1 and
the degree of r(x) is less than the degree of (x – a),
then degree of r(x) = 0.
This means that r(x) is a constant, say r.
So, for every value of x, r(x) = r.
Therefore, p(x) = (x – a) q(x) + r.
If x = a, this equation gives us p(a) = (a – a) q(a) + r = r, which proves the theorem
Then we can write p(x)=(x – a) q(x) + p(a)
2.Factor Theorem
for polynomial p(x) of degree >= 1
If If
p(a)=0 (x-a) is factor of p(x)

then then

(x-a) is factor of p(x) p(a)=0

Proof:
By the Remainder Theorem, p(x)=(x – a) q(x) + p(a).
(i) If p(a) = 0, then p(x) = (x – a) q(x), which shows that (x – a) is a factor of p(x).
(ii) Since (x – a) is a factor of p(x), p(x) = (x – a) g(x) for same polynomial g(x).
In this case, p(a) = (a – a) g(a) = 0.

#Division of Polynomial
1.Long Division Method

2.Synthetic Division Method

3.Linear Method of Division