Exercises - Exact Equations

1. ( x+ y ) dx + ( x− y ) dy=0

Solution:

Determine if the DE is an exact equation,

M=x + y
∂M
=1
∂y

N=x − y
∂N
=1
∂x

The DE is an exact equation since,

∂M ∂ N
=
∂ y ∂x

Solving for the general solution,

∂F
=M =x + y
∂x

Integrating with respect to x while holding y constant,

x2
F= + xy+ T ( y )
2

Differentiating with respect to y while holding x constant,

x +T ' ( y )=0

Equating with N,

x +T ' ( y )=x − y
T ' ( y )=− y

Integrating,

− y2
T ( y )=
2

Therefore,
 2 2
x y c
+ xy− =
2 2 2
x 2+ 2 xy − y 2=c

Another solution:

∂F
=N=x − y
∂y

Integrating with respect to y while holding x constant,

2
y
F=xy− +Q ( x )
2

Differentiating with respect to x while holding y constant,

y +Q ' ( x )=0

Equating with M,

y +Q ' ( x )=x+ y
Q ' ( x )=x

Integrating with respect to x,

x2
Q ( x) =
2

Therefore,

y2 x2 c
xy− + =
2 2 2
2 2
x + 2 xy − y =c

2. ( 6 x+ y ) dx+ y ( 2 x −3 y ) dy =0
2

3. ( 2 xy −3 x ) dx + ( x + y ) dy=0
2 2

4. ( y −2 xy +6 x ) dx−( x −2 xy +2 ) dy=0
2 2

Solution:

2
M = y −2 xy +6 x
∂M
=2 y−2 x=2 ( y−x )
∂y
 2
N=−x +2 xy−2
∂N
=−2 x +2 y=2 ( y−x )
∂x

The DE is an exact equation since

∂M ∂ N
=
∂ y ∂x

Obtaining the general solution,

∂F 2
=M = y −2 xy +6 x
∂x

Integrating with respect to x while holding y constant,

F=x y 2 −x2 y +3 x2 +T ( y )

Differentiating with respect to y while holding x constant,

2 xy−x 2+ T ' ( y )=0

Equating with N,

2 ' 2
2 xy−x + T ( y )=−x + 2 xy −2
'
T ( y )=−2

Integrating,

T ( y ) =−2 y

Therefore,

x y 2 −x2 y +3 x2 −2 y =c

5. ( 2 xy + y ) dx + ( x 2−x ) dy=0

6. ( x−2 y ) dx +2 ( y−x ) dy=0

8. ( 2 x−3 y ) dx + ( 2 y−3 x ) dy =0

10. v ( 2u v 2−3 ) du+ ( 3u 2 v 2−3 u+4 v ) dv=0

11. ( cos 2 y−3 x 2 y 2 ) dx + ( cos 2 y−2 x sin 2 y−2 x 3 y ) dy =0

12. ( 1+ y ) dx+ ( x y+ y ) dy=0
2 2

13. ( 1+ y + x y ) dx+ ( x y + y +2 xy ) dy=0

2 2 2

14. ( w + w z −z ) dw+ ( z +w z−w ) dz=0

3 2 3 2

15. ( 2 xy−tan y ) dx+ ( x2 −x sec 2 y ) dy=0

16. ( cos x cos y−cot x ) dx −sin x sin y dy=0

17. ( r +sin θ−cos θ ) dr +r ( sin θ+cos θ ) dθ=0

18. x ( 3 xy−4 y +6 ) dx + ( x −6 x y −1 ) dy=0

3 3 2 2

19. ( sin θ−2 r cos θ ) dr +r cos θ ( 2 r sin θ+1 ) dθ=0

2

20. [ 2 x + y cos ( xy ) ] dx+ x cos ( xy ) dy=0

21. 2 xy dx + ( y + x ) dy=0
2 2

22. 2 xy dx + ( y −x ) dy=0
2 2

23. ( x y + y−x ) dx + x ( xy +1 ) dy=0

2

24. 3 y ( x −1 ) dx + ( x +8 y−3 x ) dy=0 ; when x=0 , y=1

2 3

25. ( 1−xy ) dx+ [ y + x ( 1−xy ) ] dy=0; when x=2 , y=1

−2 2 2 −2

26. ( 3+ y +2 y sin x ) dx+ ( x +2 xy− y sin 2 x ) dy=0

2 2

27. 2 x ( 3 x+ y− y e ) dx + ( x 2+ 3 y 2+ e−x ) dy=0

2 2
−x

28. ( x y + x−2 y +3 ) dx + x y dy=2 ( x+ y ) dy ;when x=1 , y =1

2 2