HISTORICAL

ANTECEDENTS OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
TE AC HE R JE FF
 AND B E F O R E W E B EGIN... !
OBJECTIVES

Discuss the historical antecedents of

science and technology across time

Explain how Philippine scientific and

technological inventions shaped and
were shaped by various social contexts.
 antecedent

A precursor to the unfolding or existence

of something. Thus, historical antecedents
in science and technology are factors
that paved the way for presence of
advanced and sophisticated scientific
and technological innovations today.
 1.
HISTORICAL PER
ANCIENT IODS

2.
MEDIEVAL

3.
MODERN
 ANCIENT PERIOD

The earliest civilizations of the

world were born along rivers
because people needed
freshwater to survive. The
rivers provided water to
irrigate corps and regular river
floods made for fertile soil.

?
MESOPOTAMIAN
CIVILIZATION

The first recorded civilizations of the world existed inn

Mesopotamia around 3300-750 BC. The region now corresponds
to most parts of the present-day Iraq, Iran, Syria, Kuwait and
Turkey.

The name derived from the Greeks, means “between two rivers”,
which signifies its location within the Tigris-Euphrates River
system.
 ?
1. SUMERIAN
CIVILIZATION
The earliest known civilization in
Mesopotamia.

The Sumerians called themselves

“the black headed people” and
their land in cuneiform script as
“the land of the black-headed
people.”
 ?
1. SUMERIAN
CIVILIZATION
Cuneiform
Number System
Sailboats
Wheel
High Leeves or Flood Banks
Plow
Lunar Calendar
 ?
2. babylonian
civilization
The ancient city of Babylon served as the
center of Mesopotamian civilizations for
nearly two millenia. Babylon is derived
from bav-il or bav-ilim meaning “Gates
of the Gods.”

It ruins lie in the modern-day Iraq.

 QUESTION 4 ?
2. babylonian
civilization
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Advanced number system
Lunar calendar
Sundial and water clock

 ANCIENT egyptian
?
civilization
FALSE
TRUE OR

The ancient Egyptian civilization was born along the Nile

River, which provided rich soil for agriculture. The Nile River
flows from the heart of Africa to the Mediterranean Sea.

The land of Egypt was known as “Kemet” meaning “Black

Land” because of rich dark soil along the river. Rain
seldom feels in Egypt but flooding form the Nile helped in
cultivating crops, such as wheat and flax.
 ANCIENT egyptian
?
civilization

Irrigation Canal
Shadoof
Breath mints and honey
Pyramids
Great Sphinx of Giza
Papyrus
 indus valley civilization
?
The Indus Valley was an ancient civilization located in present-day
Pakistan and Northwest India.

It was a Bronze-Age civilization and largest of the four urban civilizations

of Egpyt, Mesopotamia, South Asia and China. It flourished in the basins
of the Indus River and the Ghaggar-Hakra River, one of the major rivers
in Asia that curses through Northwest India and Eastern Pakistan.

The ruins of the Indus Valley civilization is the 4,600-year-old city of

Mohenjo-Daro.

indus valley civilization

?
Metallurgy
Handicraft
Brick houses
Drainage and water storage system
Weighing systems and measurements
Advanced agricultural practices
Ayurveda
Susruta Samhita
Siddhanta Shiromani
Mohenjo-daru ruler
Aryabhatiya
 ancient china civilization
?
Ancient China is known to be one of the oldest and
longest lasting civilizations of the world. “China” is
derived from the Sanskrit cina from the name of the Qin
Dynasty.

The Greek and Romans called China seres meaning

“the land where the silk comes from”.

ancient china civilization

?
Abacus
Acupuncture
Paper
Movable printing press
Porcelain
Silk
Gunpowder
 ancient greek civilization
?
Ancient Greece refers to a time between 800 BC and 500 BC after
the so-called Dark Ages. Greece is country in Southeastern Europe
also known as Hellas or Ellada, which is “Greece” in Greek.
It is made up of mainland and groups of smaller islands.

Ancient Greece is characterized by the expansion of

villages and the development of marketplaces and meeting
places, The early inhabitants of Greece relied on trade.
Commercial sea trading was the primary source of income.

ancient greek civilization

?
Plato, Aristotle & Socrates
Pythagoras
Thales of Miletus ­
Hippocrates
Ctesibius
Archimedes of Syracuse

 ancient roman
?
civilization

Ancient Rome was originally a small town near the

Tiber when Augustus Caesar became the first
emperor.

It eventually grew greater and stronger because of

trade. Rome borrowed and enriched the culture of
Greece and became a powerful empire.

 ancient roman
?
civilization

Rectal speculum, bone levers and cupping vessels

Concrete
Aqueduct
Colosseum
Pantheon
Ballista
Greek fire

 meso-american
?
civilization

Mesoamerica includes the entire area of

Central America from Southern Mexico up to
the border of South America

It includes the
Mayan , Inca, Aztec Civilization

 1. MAYAN CIVILIZATION
?
astronomy
hydraulics system
looms for weaving cloth
devised a rainbow of glittery paints made from mica.
Mayan hieroglyphics
developed the concept of zero and positional value

 2. INCA CIVILIZATION
?
roads paved with stones
stone buildings
irrigation system and technique for storing water
calendar with 12 months
first suspension bridge
a system of knotted ropes to keep records called quipu.

 3. AZTEC CIVILIZATION
?
mandatory education
chocolates
antispasmodic medication
chinampa, (agricultural farming in which land divided
into rectangular areas and surrounded by canals
aztec calendar
Invention of canoe, (light narrow boat)
.