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How Turbine Flow Meters Work

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Turbine flowmeters are engineered to accurately measure the flow of liquids and gases in pipes. They measure flow on a USEFUL ENGINEERING LINKS
volumetric basis. Turbine flowmeters are applicable to clean fluids over a pressure range from sub-atmospheric to over 6,000psi How to Specify Electric Motors for
and temperatures from -450 to about 6000 degree Fahrenheit. Hazardous Locations
Turbine flowmeters produce output signals that are electronic pulses but other output signals – analog(4 – 20mA), visual or digital- Common Cause of Battery Failures
are available. Understanding Battery Technical
Specifications
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 Basics of Ultrasonic Flow Meters
AGA 3 Gas Flow Equation
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Turbine Housing
This houses the turbine rotor, shaft and bearings .Turbine meters housing are usually manufactured from stainless steel although
turbine meters intended for municipal water service are bronze or cast iron. They are also available in a variety of other
materials including plastic.

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Turbine Rotor
Control Valve Actuators Failure
The rotor, mounted on a shaft, rotates when fluid passes through the turbine meter. The rotor and bearing materials are carefully
1 Modes
selected to match the process fluid and the application. Rotors are often made from stainless steel while the bearings are
Control valves can be built from
commonly made of graphite. Other materials such as tungsten carbide, ceramics are also used. In specialized application,
various ... read more
synthetic ruby or sapphire combined with tungsten carbide may be used. Turbine meter Bearings and shafts are designed to Apr 30 2017
provide minimum friction and maximum resistance to wear (wear being a common problem with turbine flowmeters).
Basics of Split-Range Control in
Pickup Sensor 2 Control Valve Applications

The pickup is the sensor is used to detect turbine rotor movement. It is essentially a coil of wire positioned close to a permanent In many process control
applications in industry, ... read
magnet in a compact arrangement. Magnetic flux through the coil’s center increases and decreases as the passing of the steel
more
turbine blades presents a varying reluctance (“resistance” to magnetic flux), causing voltage pulses equal in frequency to the Apr 30 2017
number of blades passing by each second. It is the frequency of this signal that represents fluid velocity, and therefore
volumetric flow rate. Several types of solid state pickup sensors- reluctance, inductance, capacitive and Hall Effect pick-ups- are How a Self Operated Pressure
3 Reducing Regulator Works
used in turbine meters. Mechanical sensors (gear or magnetic drives) are commonly used as pickup devices in turbine meters for
the water distribution industry. A self operated pressure reducing
regulator is a ... read more
Apr 20 2017
How the Turbine Flow Meter Works.
The turbine meter is an accurate and reliable flowmeter for both liquids and gases. It consists of a multi-bladed rotor mounted at What is Damping in Process
right angles to the flow and suspended in the fluid stream on a free-running bearing. The diameter of the rotor is slightly less 4 Transmitters
than the inside diameter of the metering chamber, and its speed of rotation is proportional to the volumetric flow rate. As fluid

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 passes through the turbine meter, its rotor rotates. If the effects of friction are ignored, the turbine rotor will revolve at a speed A process transmitter typically
”measures” a ... read more
directly proportional to the velocity of the flowing fluid.
Apr 05 2017
The turbine meter is provided with an electrical pickup which detects the rotation of its rotor and then transforms this speed of
the turbine rotor into pulses: ANSI B16.5 - Maximum Pressure
•    Flow rate is proportional to the frequency of these pulses 5 and Temperature Ratings of Flanges
•    Volume is proportional to the number of these pulses and Flange Fittings
The Maximum allowable non-shock
The relationship between volumetric flow rate of the turbine flowmeter and the frequency of the pulses generated by the pickup pressure (psig) ... read more
Apr 02 2017
sensor can be expressed in the form of the equation:
Instrumentation Blog
f = kQ
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Where,
f = Frequency of pulses generated by pickup sensor(Hz, equivalent to pulses per second) Common P&ID symbols used in
Q = Volumetric flow rate (e.g. litres/min) Developing Instrumentation Diagrams
k = “K” factor of the turbine meter (e.g. pulses per litre)
Instrument Abbreviations Used in
Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID)
Turbine Meter K-Factor
The turbine meter measures volumetric flow, however the pulses produced vary depending on the meter. The variation is How a Pressure Switch Works
accounted for by a K-factor. The K-factor is the number of pulses per unit volume. It is primarily determined by the size and type
of the turbine meter. Due to manufacturing tolerances, the actual K-factor can vary between similar models. The K-factor is How to Calibrate Your DP Transmitter
applicable only to the fluid for which the meter was calibrated in the factory.
Piping and Instrumentation
A typical turbine meter calibration curve describing the relationship between flow and K-factor is shown below: Diagrams:Tutorials I

How to Read and Interpret Piping and

Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID)

How a Current to Pressure Transducer

(I/P) Works

Basics of Piping and Instrumentation

Diagrams (P&IDs)

How to Calibrate a Pressure Gauge

With a Dead Weight Tester

How to Convert Thermocouple Milivolts

to Temperature

TRANSLATE

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 From the graph, the minimum flow that will guarantee a linearity of -0.25 or +0.25 is 100litres/min. Flow rates below this will
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plunge the turbine meter into non-linearity.
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Turbine Meter Accuracy
The turbine meter is one of the most accurate flow meters around. Their accuracy is typically given in percentage of actual flow Email address... Submit
rate (%R).

Typical Turbine Flow Meters Specifications

Rangeabilit Pipe Size Max. Pressure Temperature Range

Accuracy (±) Fluids
y (inches) (PSIG) (°C)

 0.15 - 0.5% Gas,

 100:1   0.5 - 30 6,000 -250 - 250
R Liquids

Advantages of Turbine Meters  CATEGORIES

(1) High accuracy, repeatability and Rangeability for a defined viscosity and Control Valves ( 32 )
      measuring range.     
(2) Temperature range of fluid measurement: -450 to +6000 degree Fahrenheit.
Flow meters ( 22 )
(3) Very high-pressure capability: 6,000psi. Temperature sensors
(4) Measurement of non-conductive liquids. ( 22 ) Calibration ( 19 )
(5) Capability of heating measuring device. Instrumentation Diagrams ( 19 )
(6) Suitable for very low flow rates. Level Measurement ( 15 ) DP
Transmitters ( 14 ) Orifice Plates
Disadvantages of Turbine Flowmeters ( 11 ) Thermocouples ( 11 )
(1) Not suitable for high viscous fluids. Transmitters ( 11 ) Pneumatic
(2) Viscosity must be known. Systems ( 10 ) Pressure Switch
(3) At least 15 diameters upstream and 5 diameters downstream of straight pipe is 
( 10 ) RTD ( 9 ) pressure sensors
( 9 ) Process Control ( 7 ) Electrical
      required.
Noise ( 6 ) Electricals ( 6 ) HART
(4) Not effective with swirling fluids.
Protocol ( 6 ) Pressure Gauges ( 6 ) 4 -
(5) Only suitable for clean liquids and gases. 20mA Signals ( 4 ) Basics of
(6) Pipe system must not vibrate. Instrumentation ( 4 ) Digital or Analog
(7) Specifications critical for measuring range and viscosity Multimeters ( 2 ) Fluke pressure calibrator
( 2 ) Instrumment Engineers ( 2 )
Thermowells ( 2 ) Electric Motors ( 1 )
Instrument Engineers ( 1 ) Measurement
terminology ( 1 ) Motor Nameplate ( 1 )

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