MIL (Media Information Literacy) Reviewer

LEGAL ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUES IN MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10175

CYBERCRIME PREVENTION ACT OF 2012
- Is a law in the Philippines approved on September 12, 2012, which aims to address legal
issues concerning online interactions in the Internet.
- The cybercrime offenses included are cybersquatting, cybersex, child pornography,
identity theft, illegal access to data and libel.

CYBERCRIME is criminal activity that either targets or uses a computer, a computer network or
a networked device.
CYBER CRIMINALS is the term use for those individuals who will commit cybercrime.
CYBER SPACE the notional environment in which communication over computer networks
occurs.

TYPES OF CYBERCRIME
1. CYBER BULLYING is bullying that takes place online, or using electronic technology
such as cell phones, computers, and tablets other communication tools including social
media sites. text messages, chat, and websites.
2. HACKING is an act of compromising digital devices and networks through unauthorized
access to an account or computer system.
Those individuals who engage in computer hacking are typically referred to as
HACKERS.
3. PHISHING is a type of social engineering attack often used to steal user data, including
login credentials and credit card numbers.
It occurs when an attacker, masquerading as a trusted entity, dupes a victim into
opening an email, instant message, or text message.
4. CYBER SQUATTING the practice of registering names, especially well-known company
or brand names, as internet domains, in the hope of reselling them at a profit.
5. CYBERSEX sexual arousal using computer technology, especially by wearing virtual
reality equipment or by exchanging messages with another person via the internet.
6. CHILD PORNOGRAPHY refers to any representation, whether visual, audio, or written
combination thereof, by electronic, mechanical. digital, optical, magnetic or any other
means, of child engaged or involved in real or simulated explicit sexual activities.
7. CYBER DEFAMATION is an unprivileged false statement of fact which tends to harm
the reputation of a person or company.
8. PLAGIARISM is an act or instance of using or closely imitating the language and
thoughts of another author without authorization; the representation of that author's work
as one's own, as by not crediting the original.
COPYRIGHT
● A legal device that gives the creator of a literary, artistic, musical, or other creative work
the sole right to publish and sell that work. Copyright owners have the right to control the
reproduction of their work, including the right to receive payment for that reproduction.
An author may grant or sell those rights to others, including publishers or recording
companies.
● Violation of a copyright is called COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT.

COMPUTER ADDICTION
● The excessive use of computers to the extent that it interferes with daily life.
● This excessive use may, for example, interfere with work or sleep, result in problems
with social interaction, or affect mood, relationships, and thought processes.

DIGITAL DIVIDE
● An economic inequality between groups in terms of access to, use of, or knowledge of
ICT.
● Digital divide is evident between communities living in urban areas and those living in
rural settlements: between less economically developed countries and more
economically developed countries; between the educated and uneducated population
between gender and between age.

OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES AND POWER OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION

OPPORTUNITIES Chance or positive effects

CHALLENGES Risk, problems or negative effects
POWER Authority and influence

OPPORTUNITY
- A set of circumstances that makes it possible to do something.

ECONOMY EDUCATION SOCIAL POLITICAL

OPPORTUNITY (economy)
● News industry
● Print Broadcast
● Film production
● Entertainment Programs
● Advertising
● Tourism
● Internet
● Public Relations
OPPORTUNITY (education)
● Provides ease access to information
● More fun and convenient
● It makes learning easier
● Enhance teaching and learning process
● Learning has never been easier at the same time more complicated than it is today in
the age of media and information.

OPPORTUNITY (social)
● It has made the communication much easier worldwide than before.
● It empowers freedom of expression by providing individuals with new means of imparting
and seeking information.
● Media of today is playing an outstanding role in creating and shaping of public opinion
and strengthening of society.

OPPORTUNITY (political)
● It helps to refresh or revolutionize politics and political process.
● Citizens may become more involved, knowledgeable and perform their civic
responsibilities with greater diligence.
● Enable small groups with limited resources to participate in the political process.
● It can become a tool for political actors such as politicians, governments and other
organizations to better identify, engage with and broadcast political messaging.
● Change the way in which political groups and politicians conduct election, campaigns
and forge alliances with other groups or individuals.

CHALLENGES
- It is the mal or problems that hinders a person to achieve success or something.

● Fake news
● Unreliable Sources
● Cybercrimes

FAKE NEWS False news stories, often of a sensational nature, created to be widely shared or
distributed for purpose of generating revenue, or promoting or discrediting a public figure,
political movement, company, etc.

UNRELIABLE SOURCES Non credible sources Unreliable sources don't always contain true,
accurate and up to date information.

CYBERCRIMES Are criminal activities that either targets or uses a computer, a computer
network or a networked device.
examples: Cyberbullying, hacking, phishing, cybersquating, cybersex child pornography,
cyberdetamation and plagiarism
POWER
● It is the possession of control, authority or influence over others
● The media has the power of educating people, the good and bad. Since it affects the
eyes, the ears and the mind simultaneously nothing can overcome the influence of
media.
● The mass media is powerful... Because audiences tend to trust them all the time.
● But sometimes the media develops unnecessary distortion of truth to attract attention.
Because of its power to build public opinion, the influence of media can make or break
the government.

PEOPLE MEDIA
● PEOPLE - persons, whether men, women, or children, considered as numerable
Individuals forming a group.
● MEDIA - the means of communication, as radio and television, newspapers, and
magazines, that reach or influence people widely.
● PEOPLE MEDIA - refers to persons that are involved in the use, analysis. evaluation
and production of media and information

PEOPLE MEDIA
● PEOPLE IN MEDIA - They are the people who work behind different types of media.
● PEOPLE AS MEDIA - They are the media itself. The person serves as the medium.

PEOPLE IN MEDIA - CAN BE FOUND IN PRINT OR BROADCAST

(PRINT MEDIA)

- JOURNALIST
- WRITERS AND AUTHORS
- EDITORS
- LAYOUT ARTIST/GRAPHIC ARTISTS
- PHOTOGRAPHERS -ART DIRECTORS
- PUBLISHER
- REPORTER

(BROADCAST MEDIA)

- NEWS ANCHOR
- TVOR PROGRAM HOST
- SCRIPTWRITER
- DIRECTOR
- PRODUCER

PEOPLE AS MEDIA
TYPES OF PEOPLE AS MEDIA

- OPINION LEADERS
- CITIZEN JOURNALISM
- SOCIAL JOURNALISM
- CROWDSOURCING

PRINT MEDIA
● JOURNALIST - tell exactly what happened and when, who are involved, and how or
why this incident or event will affect others.
● WRITERS - employs creative and literary styles,
● AUTHOR - writes papers that are more scholarly and academic in nature, like a textbook
or a novel.
● EDITORS - ensures that the authors work is worth publishing.
● LAYOUT ARTISTS/GRAPHIC ARTISTS - a person who is responsible for the overall
presentation of printed material from text to images.
● PHOTOGRAPHERS - artistically captures images that will be used to accompany a
written material or to visually represent a concept or idea.
● ART DIRECTORS - in charge of the overall concept of the material in terms of art,
design, and graphics.
● PUBLISHERS - responsible for financing and handling the cost of production in order to
print a material, like newspapers, textbooks, or magazines.

BROADCAST MEDIA
● REPORTER - in charge of delivering the news to the public.
● NEWS ANCHOR - delivers the news in a studio, either through tv or a radio program in
real time. Also called a newscaster.
● TV OR PROGRAM HOST - in charge of facilitating or managing the flow of the entire
program, including conversations with the guests.
● SCRIPT WRITER - writes the script for a tv or a radio show, movie or stage play.
● DIRECTOR - supervisions and instructs the hosts and performers on how they should
perform act, or move in the program based on the script.
● PRODUCER - finances the show or the movie.

TYPES OF PEOPLE AS MEDIA

● OPINION LEADERS - highly exposed to actively using media, source of viable
interpretation of messages for lower end media users, opinions are accepted by a group.

● CITIZEN JOURNALISM - people without professional journalism training can use the
tools of modern technology and internet to create, augment or fact check media on their
own or in collaboration with others.
● SOCIAL JOURNALISM - journalist are using social media to make their content
available to more people.
 ● CROWDSOURCING - the practice of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by
soliciting contributions from a large group of people and especially from the online
community.

PEOPLE MEDIA
● Traditional media has affected Filipinos in the past, throughout the different eras.
Pre Spanish, Spanish era, American Japanese era, post war era, martial law era, post edsa era
and modern era.

PRE SPANISH ERA

● Knowledge was passed on through folk media and indigenous forms of media.

SPANISH ERA
● While education was limited to the elite, publication of books (ex. Noli metangere and El
filibusterismo) and news papers (la solidaridad) advance the propaganda movement
which led to the peoples revolution against Spanish rule.
● Filipinos at that time did not have a common language. Only elite spoke and understand
Spanish. Thus communication was limited. Pen names were maid to avoid political
oppression.

AMERICAN AND JAPANESE ERA

● During this era, major news paper (ex. manila times and manila bulletin), radio
broadcasting and movies became available. Media was used for propaganda by
government and other groups.

POST WAR ERA

● The golden age of Philippine Journalism. Advertising, communication education and
press freedom flourished in this era.

MARTIAL LAW ERA

● Highlights of this include the government take over of media and the press and the
image engineering of the marcos in the name of nationalism.

POST EDSA ERA

● People power brought grater freedom for Philippine media. During this era, the new
constitution recognized the vital role of communication and information in nation building.
Press freedom influenced the growth in media careers.

MODERN ERA
● The birth of new careers such as archivist, web designer, online instructors, digital
producers, bloggers, animators, programmer, archivist, metadata analyst, data miner
and many others.
Current and Future Trends Of Media And Information

WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY
- Wearable technology (also called wearable gadgets) is a category of technology devices
that can be worn by a consumer and often include tracking information related to health
and fitness.

Smart watch
- is a wearable computing device that closely resembles a wristwatch or other time-
keeping device. In addition to telling time, many smart watches are Bluetooth-capable.
The watch becomes, in effect, a wireless Bluetooth adaptor capable of extending the
capabilities of the wearer's smartphone to the watch
● Practical Uses of Smart watch
- Notifications
- Battery Life
- Music

Smartphone
- A Smartphone is a cellular phone with an embedded computer and other nontelephone-
related features such as an operating system, web browsing, and the ability to run
software applications.

Cellphone versus Smart Phone

Cellphone is simply a telephone that doesn't need a landline connection. It enables the user to
make and receive phone calls. Some cellphones also offer text messaging

A smartphone has more advanced features, including web browsing software applications and
a mobile OS. In turn, a smartphone also offers capabilities such as support for biometrics, video
chatting digital assistants and much more.

Fitness tracker
- Fitness tracker is the best way to monitor your movement and health with unrivaled
accuracy and effortlessness. A wrist-worn device that can detect some combination of
walking steps, running distance, heart rate, sleep patterns and swimming laps. Fitness
bands interact via Bluetooth with an app in a mobile device that configures the device
and downloads the wearer's activity data.
● Heart Rate Monitoring Device.
- A technology that will calculate and monitor your heart rate.
● Misfit Phase Hybrid
- This watch can count your steps and your heart rate.
● Fitbit Charge.
- This watch is good for exercise. It can count your running time and the distance.
Internet/Smart glass
- Technology that can display images directly onto our retinas while not blocking our sight
is being developed. This technology may be employed in eyewear and has a variety of
applications, including e gaming and military defense, and according to experts, in the
next 10-20 years Internet glasses will replace the Smartphones.

5G Smartphone and Network.

- 5G is the fifth generation of internet speed. This is the new fastest speed of internet
connection. The successor of 4G.

Robotic Avatars
- This is a mechanical robot. It is having the characteristics of a robot. They can do things
like HUMANS

MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSE (MOOC)

⬇️
It is an open access and an interactive way to facilitate student's online study. It can provide
participants with course materials such as videos,, lectures and study materials.
⬇️
Massive Open Online course can cater a large mass of participants Where the participants can
interact over the internet.

● An e-learning program intended to cater students coming from different parts of the
world. The word MOOC was coined in 2008 by Dave Cormier. A MOOC may be
patterned on a college or university course or may be less structured. Not all MOOCs
offer academic credits when you finish a course such as diploma or certificate although it
may be patterned on a college or university course. With easier access to media like
streaming and blogging sites most MOOCs are less structured, but they provide
education that will help students

The good things about using this are:

● You can learn from your friends through a social networking site.
● Access to the course is free of cost > Material is advocated by top professors
● Allows you to learn different languages
● Choose a major