Compression Stroke

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During the second or compression stroke the intake valve closes, sealing the

combustion chamber. The piston moves up to its highest point in the cylinder liner,
called Top Dead Center, or TDC.

The trapped air is compressed and very hot. The amount of air that is compressed is
called the compression ratio. The compression ratio of an engine is a comparison of the
total volume of the combustion chamber when the piston is at the bottom of its stroke
compared to when it is at the top of its stroke. The compression ratio is a set number; it
is calculated by dividing the volume of air at BDC by the volume of air at TDC.

Most diesel engines have a compression ratio between 13:1 (13 to 1) and 20:1 (20 to
1). Most gas engines have a compression ratio between 8:1 (8 to 1) and 11:1 (11 to 1).

After completing the intake and compression strokes, the crankshaft has turned 360
degrees or one complete revolution.

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