● Now return to your original partner and share and talk about what you found

out. Change partners often.

● Make mini-presentations to other groups on your findings.

In English language a lot of complex words and forms exist which are not so commonly known
by native English speakers as well. Only learners of English whose keen mission is
to understand the grammatical aspects of language are aware of such things.

One such element of English grammar is elliptical sentence or ellipses.

Elliptical Sentence: A sentence is said to be elliptical when an ellipses occurs in it.

Example:

Jess has four dogs; Allison, three.

In the above sentence the word has been omitted from the second part of the sentence but
the meaning of the sentence is still clear. An elliptical expression is
a group of words with certain understood words omitted. Good writers routinely
use elliptical expressions. You may punctuate elliptical expressions in two ways:

(1) begin the expression with a semicolon, and then insert a comma where
the omitted words would have appeared or (2) for simple expressions, insert a comma before
the expression but omit the comma where the omitted words would have appeared.

Here are Mr. Strunk and Mr. White using an elliptical expression when discussing restrictive
and nonrestrictive clauses. Notice that they opt for the simple punctuation:

That is the defining, or restrictive pronoun, which the nondefining, or nonrestrictive.

Here's an example using the semicolon technique:

Carolina has won three national titles; Duke, two.

Taken from Grammar.com
Elliptical constructions are grammatically incomplete for the deliberate purpose of concise
prose. The term “elliptical” comes from “ellipsis” which indicates an omission, something
left out. An elliptical construction delivers its meaning only if the context makes clear what
the missing elements are. For example, the use of the word “that” is often omitted and
sometimes even subjects and verbs are omitted. Here are some examples:
Example:
She decided that she would prefer to major in
fine art.
She decided she would prefer to major in fine
art.

Notice that the clarity of the sentence above is not affected by removal of the word “that.”
However, if you look at the sentence below, you can see that clarity would definitely be
affected.
Example:
He knew that her love was
true. He knew her love was
true.
The clarity of the second sentence is compromised when “that” is omitted because a reader
could read “He knew her” or “He knew her love” and then on seeing the verb “was,” would
have to go back to the beginning to reread to get the correct meaning.
Here are some other examples of when elliptical constructions occur.
Example:
After he takes a refresher course, he will be eligible for a raise.
After a refresher course, he will be eligible for a raise.
Example:
Broiled fish tastes better than boiled fish tastes.
Broiled fish tastes better than boiled fish.
Example:
I am hungry, and Betty is hungry
too. I am hungry, and Betty is too.

*Elliptical Expressions with “and” and “too”

Subject + Verb, and Subject + verb too,
Form Example
Verb “be” I’m hungry, and Betty is too.
Verb “have” I have some money, and he does too.
Simple present I like applies, and he does too.
Simple past Maria had a cold, and her child did too.
Past continuous James was sleeping, and we were too.
Future They will work tomorrow, and we will too.
Present continuous He is listening to music, and she is too.
Present perfect He has smoked for 8 years, and she has too.
Past perfect He had gone to that café for years, and she had too.

Now make some examples of your own about you and a classmate or friend.
1. siti julaiha is beautiful, and jupe is too
2. my mother in jakarta now, and my father is too
3. they buy a new car and I do too
4. I was in malang and they were too
5. they have come here, and she has too
6. you are speaking and he is too
7. nando is handsome and irfan is too
8. my grandma in bandung now and so is my grandpa too
9. Maryam will go to Solo, and I will too 
10. I ddris always studies science, and Saleh does too

*Elliptical Expressions With “And” And “Either”

Subject + Verb, and Subject + Verb either
Form Example

Verb “be” I’m not late, and she isn’t either.

Verb “have” I don’t type, and they don’t either.
Simple present I don’t understand, and he doesn’t either.
Simple past They didn’t leave late, and I didn’t either.
Future I won’t go early, and they won’t either.
Past continuous I wasn’t studying, and they weren’t either.
Present continuous My brother isn’t working, and I’m not either.
Present perfect I haven’t had any food for days, and she hasn’t either.
Past perfect She had not studied the text, and he hadn’t either.

Now make some examples of your own about you and a classmate or friend.
1.  Emily is beautiful, and Cathy is too
2. He didn’t go to campus yesterday, and she didn’t either
3. they will not meet you and neither will I
4. He doesn’t do the homework and neither do I
5. they don’t watch news and neither does I
6. we haven’t eaten and neither have they
7. she hasn’t slep, and neither has he
8. Clark is studying right now, and Ethan is too
9. Dody goes to school every day and so do I.
10. Dody doesn’t go to school everyday and I don’t either.

*Elliptical Expressions With “But”

Subject + Verb, but Subject + Verb
Form Example
Verb ‘be” I’m very busy, but he isn’t.
Verb ”have” I have an application form, but they don’t
Simple Present She takes English lessons, but her son doesn’t.
Simple Past I wrote a letter yesterday, but my husband didn’t.
Past Continuous I was working, but he wasn’t.
Future I’ll go to the party, but she won’t.
Present Continuous He’s attending class, but she isn’t.
Present Perfect He has read that book, but I
Past Perfect haven’t.
They had left their house before the storm came, but she
hadn’t.

Now make some examples of your own about you and a classmate or friend.
1. He cannot sing, but he can’t
2. they went to jambi, but I didn’t
3. she is cleaning the floor but the boys aren’tn