Internal Assignment - Textile Finishing & Evaluation

Presented by:- Pavitra Khandelwal

M.Sc. Fabric & Apparel Science, Previous Year
Contents
Need for Sanforization

Definition

Objectives

Principle

Process

Applications

Advantages

Refrences
 Need for Sanforization
Textile fabrics (woven or knitted) - subjected to strain both lengthwise and widthwise
during fabric manufacturing

This strain is released while washing the fabric, resulting in a reduction in length
and/or width as the fabric tries to get back into its original state. This reduction in the
dimensions of the fabric is called shrinkage.

Apparels made of such fabrics suffer shrinkage after washing. To eliminate or

minimize such undesirable alternation, the fabric needs to be stabilized dimensionally.

Commercially cotton woven fabric is given an anti-shrinkage finish, Sanfornisation

Definition
Sanforizing is a mechanical textile finishing
treatment, also called Sanfor ® treatment, carried
out to increase the dimensional stability of the
fabric when washing, or to prevent the fabrics
from shrinking during washing.

The process was patented by Sanford Lockwood

Cluett (1874–1968) in 1930.

This process stabilizes the fabric before it is cut

by stretching and shrinking it.
To minimize the To improve the
after-washing dimensional
fabric shrinkage stability

Objectives

To increase the To soften the

GSM of the fabric fabric handle
 Principle

When an elastic rubber belt is passed around a metal roller in

contact with it, its outer surface in the process gets extended
and the inner surface gets contracted. So the process is called
the controlled compressive shrinkage process.

During the process, the fabric is treated with water or steam to

promote shrinkage, then pressed between a heated rubber band
& a cylinder to relax and re-contract the fibres.

The greater the pressure applied to the rubber sleeve, the bigger
the shrinking afterwards.
Feed/Guide Rollers

Skyer

Clip Expander
Process
Rubber Belt Unit

Dryer
 Process
Fabric (F) passes through the skyer (S) or other moistening devices like sprays and is
moistened by water and/or steam. This will lubricate the fibres and promote shrink ability
within the fabric.

Then, fabric passes through the clip expander (C), which helps to obtain the required width.
It also transfers the fabric to the endless rubber belt unit.

By squeezing rubber belt (R) between pressure roll (P) and rubber belt cylinder (RB), we
obtain an elastically stretched rubber belt surface. There's a pressure created on the
surface and then the fabric is passed through it.
 Process
When leaving the pressure zone, the rubber belt recovers itself and the surface returns to
its original length carrying the fabric with it.

The effect of this action is the shortening of the warp yarn which packs the filling yarns
closer together. At this actual moment, shrinkage occurs.

After compaction within the rubber belt unit, the fabric enters the dryer (D). Here the fibres
are locked in their shrunken state by removing the moisture from the fabric and the
compressive shrinkage process gets completed.
Applications
Sanforization solves a fundamental problem of unfinished
denim as it eliminates shrinkage & makes buying a right-
sized pair of jeans a whole lot easier.

Sanforized denim shrinks about 2-3% (although it can be

more) while unsanforized denim shrinks as much as 10%.

Karate gis (traditional Japanese karate uniforms) are

often made from Sanforized cotton so that shrinkage
does not occur with this heavy material.
 Advantages

Highly desirable for the customers

Sanforized fabric suffers minimal shrinkage on the first wash and

will ultimately stop shrinking after the further washes

Pre-shrunken fabrics' construction becomes denser, which

improves its performance

Improves strength of the fabric

 Refrences
Marsh, J. T. (2022). An Introduction to Textile Finishing. Chapman & Hall.

Khan, M. E. (2020). Optimization of Residual Shrinkage Control of 100% Cotton Woven Fabric Through Sanforization.
Journal of Textile Science & Fashion Technology, 6(5). https://doi.org/10.33552/jtsft.2020.06.000648

Sanforization. (n.d.). Heddels. Retrieved June 17, 2022, from https://www.heddels.com/dictionary/sanforization/

Ashraf, M. R. (2022, June 20). Sanforizing Machine and Process. Textile Insight. Retrieved June 17, 2022, from
https://textileinsight.blogspot.com/2014/09/sanforizing-machine-and-process.html?m=1

Sanfor (Sanforizing) - Sanforizing treatment. (2020, December 10). Cibitex. https://www.cibitex.it/sanforizing-

sanfor-treatment/

Denimhunters. (2020, September 16). What is sanforization and what does it do? Denim FAQ by.
https://denimhunters.com/denim-wiki/denim-explained/sanforization/

Wikipedia contributors. (2022, January 16). Sanforization. Wikipedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanforization#:%7E:text=of%20under%201%25.-,Applications,severe%20after%20wash
ing%20and%20drying.
Thank You