KONSEP DASAR

INOVASI

"One machine can do the work of fifty ordinary men.

No machine can do the work of one extraordinary
man."
(Elber Hubbard)

Innovate…innovate…innovate…
IPTEK: DARI PENEMUAN HINGGA
DAMPAK SOSEK
APAKAH INI INOVASI?
PENGERTIAN INOVASI

• Robert (1988) dalam Ettlie (2000)

Innovation = Invention + Exploitation

= Invention + Commercialization
= Invention + Implementation
= Invention + Civilization
• Martin (1994) dalam Khalil (2000)
INVENTION ATAU INNOVATION?
“ADAB” DALAM INOVASI
KREATIFKAH ANDA?

LET’S PLAY A GAME

Inovasi
• “Innovation means technologies or practices that are
new to a given society, and being diffused in that
economy or society. This point is important: what is
not disseminated and used is not an innovation.
“(The World Bank, Innovation Policy, 2010).

S&T
INOVASI

INOVASI

Non S&T
INOVASI
 Type of Innovations

Product Innovation: A good or Process Innovation: A

service that is new or significantly new or significantly
improved. This includes significant improved production or
improvements in technical delivery method. This
specifications, components and includes significant
materials, software in the product,
PRODUCT PROCESS changes in techniques,
user friendliness or other
functional characteristics. equipment and/or
software.

Organisational
Marketing Innovation: A ORGANISATI Innovation: A new
MARKETING
new marketing method ONAL organisational
involving significant changes method in business
in product design or practices,
packaging, product workplace
placement, product organisation or
promotion or pricing. external relations.

The Oslo Manual, OECD, 1997

INOVASI PRODUK
DAN PROSES
DARIMANA INOVASI
BERMULA?

⚫ Market Pull (upaya untuk memenuhi

kebutuhan atau permintaan
pasar/masyarakat)
⚫ Technology Push (terjadi karena dorongan
teknologi terkini/”state-of-the-art”, bukan
karena antisipasi terhadap dorongan
kebutuhan masyarakat)

“Land, machinery, and capital are scarce, but ideas and knowledge
are abundant, and they don’t follow the law of diminishing return”
Khalil (2000)
INOVASI PRODUK-
PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK BARU

⚫ Produk baru: penawaran industri untuk pertama kali (industrial

offering for the first time). Ettlie, 2000.

⚫ Sebagian besar produk baru tidak benar-benar baru (new to the

world), tapi hanya salinan (copies), atau bagian imitasi (one-off
imitators) dari produk yang sudah ada, dengan sedikit
perubahan/perbaikan (enhancement, improvement).

⚫ Pengembangan produk baru (New Product Development/NPD)

merupakan isu utama dari fokus dan penekanan strategi dan
praktek bisnis.

⚫ Sebagian besar dana penelitian digunakan untuk proses NPD.

Customer Interface for Prototype
Development and Market Planning
Customer Information Feedback for
NPD Process
Innovation as Process

TECHNOLOGY

Search Use Use

Technical Solution through

information adoption or
Recognition obtained adaptation
of technical by search, of existing
feasibility experiment technology
and
calculation
Fusion into
and/or design concept and/or and/or Work out bugs
and Transfer to
and
evaluation manufacturing
Technical scale up
information
available
Recognition
of potential
demand Market Solution through
information invention
obtained

Search Use Test Response

MARKET

1 2 3 4 5 6

Recognition of Idea Problem Prototype Commercial Utilization

opportunity formulation solving solution development and/or
diffusion
The Continuous Learning Process
Model for NPD
Inovasi Kelembagaan
(Isu-isu Pendorong Dinamika)
PRIMARY VALUE CHAIN ACTIVITIES

MARGIN
Inbound Outbond Marketing and
Operations Services
Logistic Logistics Sales

SUPPORT VALUE CHAIN ACTIVITIES

Firm Infrastructure

Human Resource Management

Technology Development

Procurement

Rantai Nilai ... complexity

Inovasi Kelembagaan
(Isu-isu Pendorong Dinamika)
AliranInformasi

Manufaktur Konsumen/
Tingkatan2 Tingkatan1 Pelanggan
Pemasok Pemasok Pelanggan Akhir
Logistik
Pem belian Pemasaran

AliranProduk
Produksi Keuangan
Litbang
ProsesManajemen RantaiPasokan

ManajemenHubunganPelanggan

ManajemenPelayananPelanggan

ManajemenPermintaan

PemenuhanOrder

ManajemenAliranPabrikan

ManajemenHubunganPemasok

PengembanganProdukdanKomersialisasi

ManajemenPengembalian

Rantai Pasok ... complexity

Inovasi Kelembagaan
(Isu-isu Pendorong Dinamika)

Van Beek and Coutts’s Meta Model of Extension Paradigms (1992)

Inovasi Kelembagaan
(Isu-isu Pendorong Dinamika)

…collective
action…
..the dynamics of
…heterogeneity production..
and diversity…

…socio-cultural Agrifood System ..integrated

systems… Characteristics agrifood systems..

…public sector
interventions… …market
failures…

... complexity
Inovasi Kelembagaan (1)
Triangulasi Penyuluhan Pertanian (model pendekatan studi,
penyuluhan, dan petani yang lebih interaktif)

Model World Bank & FAO

Inovasi Kelembagaan (2)

Model Filipina
Inovasi Kelembagaan (3)

Model Laos
Exchange of information on priority
National level (Centre Govt.,
areas, knowledge network of “experts”:
NGOs, Private sector, etc)
researchers, farmers, extensionists,
education, private sector, etc.

Collation of issues, priorities, needs &

Provincial Level successful practice
Research Annual technical
participation meetings

District level Priorities and sucessful practice from

Technical TNA, SIFT and other PME tools
Research
participation in meetings
selected districts
Key Linkage is point
Village Extension System between Farmers,
(VEW, PGs, Farmers) Extensionists and
Researchers
 Model Inovasi untuk
Aktivitas Pendidikan dan Penelitian
KESIMPULAN
Tanpa adanya aktivitas komersialisasi teknologi
yang memperbaiki sektor industri, pendidikan
dan penelitian hanya akan tetap sebagai MEKANISME
“COST CENTER”
PASAR
Investasi,
Deviden,
Pinjaman (-)
Pembayaran (+)

PEMERINTAH INDUSTRI

Biaya
UUD dan AMANDEMENNYA Laba (+) Royalti (+) Penelitian (-)
Pasal 28 C (1) “Setiap warga negara
berhak mengembangkan dirinya
PENINGKATAN
melalui pemenuhan kebutuhan LAPANGAN
dasar, akses pendidikan, dan … KESEJAHTERAAN PENELITIAN
KERJA
serta memperbaiki kualitas hidup… MASYARAKAT
Pasal 31 “Setiap warga negara berhak
mendapatkan pengajaranan
Pembayaran Biaya
Subsidi Pendidikan (-) Pendidikan (+) Pendidikan (-)

MASYARAKAT
PENDIDIKAN
MISKIN
 Contoh Pelayanan Sistematik untuk Inkubasi
(Shanghai Ze-jiang Hi-tech Innovation Center)

Peningkatan
Hub. Internasional skala produksi
Pusat Pelatihan Ind. menengah,
Kerjasama Ind. besar di Technol.
Utk Komersialisasi Teknol. Park

Jar. Info
Ilmiah
Inkubator Program
Khusus
R&D
Sistem
PT, Lab, Jaminan Hukum
Pusat Penel. Dukungan Modal

Dana Fasilitas
Imbalan Mekanisme Perumahan, Pendidikan
Scientific Venture Infrastruktur