HUMAN PERSONS

LIMITATION AND THE

POSSIBILITIES FOR
TRANSCENDENCE
Module in Introduction to Philosophy of
the Human Person 12
First Quarter - Week 3

JOIEMMY B. GAYUDAN
Developer

Department of Education. Schools Division of Tabuk City

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Cordillera Administrative Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TABUK CITY
BCS Compound, Purok 2, Bulanao Norte,
Tabuk City

Published by the:

LEARNING RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM

(LRMDS)

COPYRIGHT NOTICE
2021

Section 9 of Presidential Decree No.49 provides:

“No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the

Republic of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency
or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of
such work for profit.
This material has been developed within the implementation of K-12 Curriculum
through the Curriculum Implementation Division (CID) - Learning Resource
Management and Development System (LRMDS). It can be reproduced for
educational purposes and the source must be acknowledged. Derivatives of the work
including creating an edited version, an enhancement or a supplementary work are
permitted provided all original work is acknowledged and the copyright is attributed.
No work may be derived from this material for commercial purposes and profit.

ii
 PREFACE

This module is a project of the Curriculum Implementation Division particularly

the Learning Resource Management and Development Unit, Department of
Education, Schools Division of Tabuk City which is in response to the implementation
of the K to 12 Curriculum.

This Learning Material is a property of the Department of Education- CID,

Schools Division of Tabuk City. It aims to improve students’ performance specifically
in Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person.

Date of Development : June 2020

Resource Location : Tabuk City National High School

Northern Tabuk District 1
Schools Division of Tabuk City

Learning Area : Introduction to Philosophy of the

Human Person
Grade Level : 12

Learning Resource Type : ADM Module

Language : English

Quarter/Week : First Quarter/Week 3

Learning Competency/Code : 1. Recognize how human imposes

limits and possibilities for
transcendence. (PPT11/12-Ih-3.3)
2. Evaluate own limitation and the
possibilities for transcendence.
(PPT11/12-Ig-3.2)

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The developer wishes to express her gratitude to those who helped in the
development of this learning material. The fulfillment of this learning material would
not be possible without these people who gave their support, helping hand and
cooperation:
DEVELOPMENT TEAM

JOIEMMY B. GAYUDAN
Developer

ROXANNE SANGDAAN and

FERNANDO G. SABADO
Illustrator

EDITORS

SIRIKIT B. ODAN LORIET L. IYADAN TEOFILA P. AGSUNOD

Department Head Project Development Officer II Librarian II

REVIEWERS

MARIETA P. BAS-ILEN MILDRED S. CABAY

Head Teacher III, AP Principal IV, TCNHS

HENRY M. ALUNDAY THELMA B. GALICIA

PSDS – NTD 1 EPS - AP
MANAGEMENT TEAM

IRENE S. ANGWAY, PhD, CESO VI

Officer In-Charge
Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

FELICIANO L. AGSAOAY JR., PhD

Officer In-Charge
Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

RAMONCHITO A. SORIANO
Chief Education Supervisor, CID

HELEN B. ORAP, PhD

Education Program Supervisor – LRMDS

iv
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover Page -------------------------------------------------------------------------- i

Copyright Notice -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ii

Preface -------------------------------------------------------------------------- iii

Acknowledgement --------------------------------------------------------------------------iv

Table of Contents -------------------------------------------------------------------------- v

Title Page -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

What I Need to Know -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2

What I Know -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

What’s In -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6

What’s New -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6

What Is It -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7

What’s More -------------------------------------------------------------------------12

What I Have Learned ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14

What I Can Do ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14

Assessment ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15

Additional Activities ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18

Rubrics ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19

Key Answer ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20

References ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25

v
 HUMAN PERSONS
LIMITATIONS AND THE
POSSIBILITIES FOR
TRANSCENDENCE
Module in Introduction to Philosophy of
the Human Person 12
First Quarter - Week 3

JOIEMMY B. GAYUDAN
Developer

Department of Education. Schools Division of Tabuk City

 Name of Student
Barangay
Cluster
Mobile Number
Facebook Account

What I need to Know

Have you ever heard the saying “Madaling maging tao, mahirap magpakatao”
(easy to be human but hard to be humane)? What do you think this mean? To say
the least, being human is easy, but being humane is difficult. It’s easy to study but
hard to be a Scholar, easy to love but hard to be hurt, easy to advise but hard to
follow. This means that being human is simply what we are. Being humane is a
way a human can act.

In this lesson, you will understand that our uncertainty about many things
stems from our limitations as human beings. The human person is an important
subject in Philosophy and an understanding of the nature and condition of the
person is one of the foremost goals of the discipline. Philosophers have long
pondered human nature, what it means to be human, and what sets us apart from
other beings and things in existence

Content Standard: The learners understand the human person as an embodied

spirit

Performance Standard: the learners distinguish his/her own limitations and the
possibilities for his/her transcendence

Learning Competencies: The learners…

1. Recognize how the human body imposes limits and possibilities for transcendence
PPT11/12-Ij-3.3
2. Evaluate own limitations and the possibilities for their transcendence PPT11/12-Ig-
3.2

Learning Objectives:

• Explain that they are human persons possessing a body and spirits;
• Value the traits that distinguish them as human persons; and
• Assess human nature brings the possibility of transcendence.

2
 What I Know

Before you start studying this module, answer the questions below to find
out what you already know about the topic. Write your answers in the space
provided.

Instruction: Choose the LETTER of the BEST answer. Write your answer on
the BLANK provided before each number.

_____1. What is the general term commonly used to refer to the entire human
race?
A. Human B. Human Person
C. Man D. Person

_____2. Which of the following refers to man as a species and distinguishes

man from other animals?
A. Human B. Human Person
C. Man D. Person

_____3. This refers to the person having a clear perception of oneself,

including his or her thoughts, emotions, identity, and actions. Which among the
following are referred in the statement?
A. Dignity C. Self-awareness
B. Externality D. Self-determination

_____4. Human person is capable to reach out and interact with others and
the world. Which among the following is referred in the statement?
A. Dignity C. Self-awareness
B. Externality D. Self-determination

_____5. What do you call this intangible element that enables us to exercise
our thoughts, possess awareness, and reach out to the outside world and
others?
A. Dignity C. Rationality
B. Freewill D. Spirit

_____6. Which of the following refers to the inherent value of a person which
cannot be expressed in quantifiable terms?
A. Dignity C. Self
B. Freewill D. Spirit

3
_____7. The human person is an embodied spirit. Which of the following
explain the statements?
A. Human person is defined by a deeper awareness.
B. Human person can reach out and interact with others.
C. Both the body and the spirit define human nature and
experiences.
D. The value of a human person is proven by the fact that no person
is dispensable.

_____8. Which of the following refers to overcoming oneself or being in control

even if the body reminds us of certain tendencies?
A. Embodied Spirit C. Rationality
B. Externality D. Transcendence

_____9. What do you call the ability to surpass limits?

A. Embodied Spirit C. Transcendence
B. Externality D. Rationality

_____10. Which refers to the capability of persons to make choices and

decisions based on their own preferences, monitor, and regulate their actions,
and be goal-oriented and self-directed?
A. Dignity C. Self-awareness
B. Externality D. Self-determination

_____11. In Philosophy, Person refers to a human being granted recognition

of certain rights, protection, responsibilities, and dignity above all. Philosophers
refer to the human person as the totality of an individual. Which of the following
is NOT a trait of a human person according to philosophers?
A. Externality C. Self-Awareness
B. Rationality D. Self-Determination

_____12. The human person is an embodied spirit. What does this statement
mean?
1. The human body stands as the mediator between the material world
and the spiritual world.
2. Both the human body and the spirit define human nature and
experience.
3. The body and the spirit came together to form a whole.
4. Human body and the spirit are united
A. 1 and 4 B. 2 and 3 C. All the above D. None of the above

_____13. Human being carries within themselves the possibility of

transcending their limits. Most of our limits often involve facing
challenges/obstacle or overcoming a weakness. These limits however can be

4
overcome with enough effort and perseverance. For us to experience
transcendence, we must identify and face our own personal limits. Take a look
at the following dialogue.
Chester: [sigh] I keep getting a bad score in our math test!
Reynante: hey, 25 out of 40 are not that bad! It is a higher
result than what you got last week, right?
Chester: I know! But I really want to score higher next time.

What is the personal limit experienced by Chester?

A. Chester gets low score in his math tests.
B. Chester get high score in math test
C. Chester wanted to score higher
D. Chester wanted to be on top.

_____14. Based on question number 13. How can Chester transcend his
limitation?
A. Chester will sit beside his classmate who is always getting a high score
during test to copy his classmates’ answers.
B. Chester will pay attention during discussion and study hard before the
test.
C. Chester will make a Código for him to look at during test.
D. Chester will try his best next time.

_____15. Which of the following is a human limitation?

A. I cannot not be myself.
B. I can learn to love again.
C. I cannot be other than myself.
D. I cannot not learn to love again.

If all your answers are correct, very good! This shows that you already
know much about the topics in this module. You may still study the module to
review what you already know. Who knows, you might learn a few more things
as well. If you got a low score, don’t feel bad. This shows that this module is
for you. It will help you understand some important concepts that you can apply
in your daily life. If you study this module carefully, you will learn the answers
to all the items in the test and a lot more! Are you ready?

You may go to the next page to begin your Lesson.

5
 What’s In

In the previous lessons, we have learned that an understanding of

opinions and facts and the means to distinguish one from the other can further
improve our understanding and appreciation of varied views and ideas. The
ability to determine truth goes hand in hand with the holistic perspective and
enable us to make wiser decisions, especially in choosing the ideas and views
which we find acceptable.

In this lesson, we will understand that our uncertainty about many things
stems from our limitations as human beings. Specifically, we will learn that
many of our limitations is due to our beings embodied beings. This does not
mean, however, that our bodies are merely hindrances to our desires and
aspirations. Just as much as our bodies limit us, our bodies also enable us to
create meaning in the world. Hence, the body is both a source of limitation and
possibility.

What’s New
Read and analyze the sayings below.

The human person has limits.” This means that Human person impose
limitations, may we have enjoyed several advantages compared to other
beings, but there are still several things that humans naturally cannot do. Our
limitations are due to our being embodied beings. This does not mean,
however, that our bodies are merely hindrances to our desire and aspirations.
Just as much as our bodies limit us, our bodies also enable us to create
meaning in the world. Hence, the body is both a source of limitation and
possibility.

6
 What is it

The lesson on the human person as an embodied spirit discusses the

nature of the human person. Philosophy defines the human person as an
embodied spirit, and it is this spiritual nature that distinguishes human from
other beings in existence. The union of spirit and body enables the human
person to engage with the self and the outside world, and gives the person
rationality, self-determination, a sense of morality, and dignity. Our nature as
embodied spirits enable us to relate with ourselves and explore our inner world.
It also enables us to relate to those outside of the self and the world and
establish meaningful connections with other human persons. Humans are
indeed defined by certain limits, but our nature as embodied spirits enable us
to transcend these limits and become better.

The following terms are related to the discussion of the human

person
Man – is the general term commonly used to refer to the entire
human race.
Human – refers to man as a species.
Human being – is used to distinguish man from other animals.
Person - much more complex term which generally refers to a
human being granted recognition of certain rights, protection,
responsibilities, and dignity above all. Philosophers refer to the
human person as the totality of an individual, possessing
awareness, self-determination, and the capacity to interact with
others and with him/herself.
Personhood – refers to the state of being a person much more
complex term which generally refers to a human being granted
recognition of certain rights, protection, responsibilities, and
dignity above all.
Human nature – refers to the characteristics (like thinking, feeling
and acting) that distinguish humans from all other creatures.
These traits are considered to form the essence of humanity, and
without them, an individual may not be considered a human
person.

WHAT IS A HUMAN PERSON?

The most basic definition of a human being relates to the nature of

humans as animals. Philosophers, however, believe that the human being is

7
not just a mere animal. There is something in the human individual that sets
him or her apart from other beings. These special traits make a human a
distinct individual person.

The first trait that defines a person is self-awareness. Self-awareness

refers to the person having a clear perception of oneself, including his
thoughts, emotions, identity, and actions. Human awareness goes beyond
perception and reaction to the environment. We have deeper awareness that
is driven by rationality or human thought. A person is aware of both his or her
surroundings and himself or herself.

A human person knows that he or she is living an experience and is an

active participant in this experience. We do not experience life as an audience
watching a movie on a screen; we are stars in our own movies, acting and
starring in a story of our own making.

This awareness gives rise to the notion of the “self”, which philosophers
describe as the person who is actively aware that he or she is perceiving and
experiencing reality. This awareness of the self also enables us to experience
an “inner world” that is defined by our personal thoughts and ideas.

The fact that we can daydream, get lost in our thoughts, imagine,
fantasize, and reflect shows that we are able to reach within ourselves and
experience interiority, which is the quality of being focused on one’s inner life
and identity.

This interiority enables us to practice creativity. It allows us to imagine

the sky in different colors, draw fantastic animals and landscapes, create new
music, and think of lyrics to a song. Having an inner world allows a person to
create goals, dreams, and plans which may be realized through activity.

The self also enables us to reach out and interact with things outside of
our selves. This means that we are not only aware of our surroundings and
everything around us, but we are also aware of other human beings.

Another trait that defines a person is self-determination. this refers to

the capability of person to make choices and decisions based on their own
preferences, monitor, and regulate their actions, and be goal-oriented and self-
directed.

We are persons because we act, and we are aware of our actions. Our
free will enable us to do actions whenever we want to and makes self-
determination possible. Free will is the capacity to choose a course of action
from various alternatives. The existence of free will enables a person to act

8
willfully, control his or her actions, and recognize himself or herself as the
source of action.

A discussion on self-determination and free will eventually leads to a

discussion of consequence. Consequence is the result or effect of an action
or condition. As persons, we are aware that each action we perform has a
consequence. Imagine holding an egg in your hands. What will happen if you
squeeze the egg? What will happen if you open your hand and let the egg fall?

This simple scenario shows the relationship between action and

consequence. Philosophers assume that a person acts freely and with due
regard for the consequences of his or her actions. This brings us to another
element of human action, which is morality or the goodness or badness of an
act.

Another important trait that defines a human person is externality or

the capability to reach out and interact with others and the world. Earlier we
discussed the concept of the self and the capability of the person to relate to
other persons that he or she encounters. The realization that we are not alone
and that there is other person around us enables us to reach out and establish
meaningful relationship with others.

Philosophers consider man as a social being, and that a person never

exist in isolation. We may be able to experience interiority – we imagine and
think for ourselves – but we also share these thoughts with another person.
Man has a natural tendency to seek out fellow human beings, and the
relationships established by this interaction is a vital component for survival.

Our interactions with others define our existence as persons. We grow

and develop not only through our thoughts and actions, but also through the
influence of other people in our lives, and the individuals we meet and interact
with.
The final trait that distinguishes the human person is dignity or the
innate right to be valued and respected. Philosophers consider all humans as
having an inherent worth or value. Philosophers, however, do not equate value
or worth with any quantifiable measure such as a price. Each person is worth
the same as another person in the sense that every person is priceless, unique,
unrepeatable, and irreplaceable.

Human dignity is rooted in the nature of the human being. This means
that a human person has dignity simply because of the fact that he or she is
human. Dignity is not defined by outside forces or characteristics such as
intelligence, ability, skills, or attractiveness.

9
 Human dignity also drives us to seek what is good. Doing good actions,
therefore, upholds and promote the dignity of the human person, since we
recognize ourselves as persons with dignity who deserve to be treated well
and respected, we should also treat other person in a respectful manner. The
recognition of the dignity of the human person is the basis for the recognition
of human rights. Many of the rights we enjoy are provided in recognition of the
natural dignity of the human person.

What is in our human nature that enables us to become persons?

Our body is not the only thing that defines us. Philosophers believe that
a person cannot be simply reduced to his or her physical body. For instance, if
a person has an accident and losses an arm and legs, does the person lose a
part of his or her identity? Does he or she become less of a person? If we were
to base personhood on the ability to perceive using our senses, does that mean
that blind and deaf people cannot be considered persons?

Philosophers point to another unseen aspect of the human person

which, along with the body, defines us as persons. This intangible element is
the spirit which enables us to exercise thought, possess awareness, interiority,
and the capacity to reach out to the outside world and other persons.

How are the body and the spirit related?

Philosophers consider the human person as defined by the union of the

body and the spirit. The human person is an embodied spirit. Not only are
the body and spirit united, but they are also integrated with each other. This
means that we cannot separate the two and they go hand in hand in making
who we are. Whatever affects the body also affects the spirit, and this unique
trait of the person enables him or her to experience both the physical world and
the outside world. Embodiment enables us to do and experience all the things
that make us human persons.

The human body stands as the mediator between the material world
and the spiritual world. Being an embodied spirit, the person can encounter the
world of objects (and other personal subjects) in a manner that transcends the
physical. This feature allows him to form intimate relationship with those
outside him.

Human embodiment allows persons to attach certain feelings or ideas

not only to people but also to objects. (pair of shoes as a present from a loved
one) With human embodiment, physical acts are no longer purely physical
acts, because the body conveys something from a person’s inner world.

10
 A pat on the shoulder from your idol, a smile from your crush, a kiss
from your partner will create intense emotional reaction in you. These
examples show that it is through embodiment that a person to have a unique
relationship with the world. And it is this unique relationship that defines us as
humans.

How does my human nature enable me to explore my limits?

Though the nature of the person as an embodied spirit provides

numerous opportunities to explore everything around us and even within us.
Our human nature still has limits despite being an embodied spirit. It is true that
the human person enjoys several advantages compared to other beings, but
there are still things that naturally cannot do.

It can be said that the person is very biologically deficient being. This
means that we are not equipped with the best physical attributes among all the
beings in the world. For instance, we do not have the natural ability to fly. We
cannot breathe underwater without using breathing apparatus. We cannot
survive in certain environments like other animals. Compared to other animals,
we have limited capabilities. Despite these limitations, we have used out
intellect to devise means to achieve several feats.

The ability to surpass limits is called transcendence, and it is also one

important trait that distinguishes the human person from other beings in
existence. Human being carries within themselves the possibility of
transcending their limits. Most of our limits often involve facing
challenges/obstacle or overcoming a weakness. These limits however can be
overcome with enough effort and perseverance. For us to experience
transcendence, we must identify and face our own personal limits.

Our human nature makes transcendence possible. It refers to our ability

to explore and surpass our limits. Human being carries within themselves the
possibility of transcending their limits. Most of our limits often involve facing
challenges/obstacle or overcoming a weakness. These limits however can be
overcome with enough effort and perseverance. For us to experience
transcendence, we must identify and face our own personal limits. We can
transcend our, limits through our physical and mental abilities. Our ability to
transcend drives us to become better persons and to improve ourselves in
every way. For example: we do not have the natural ability to fly, we also
cannot breathe underwater. Despite these natural limitations, we have used
our intellect to devise means to achieve several feats. We now use airplanes
to fly, scuba gear to swim.

11
 Surpass -beat We can also transcend our own selves, when we govern
ourselves towards what is proper to our nature as person. Opening yourself to
new experiences and ideas is another aspect of transcendence. Our capacity
for transcendence gives us the opportunity to work toward becoming better
versions of ourselves.

Philosophy gives us useful tools to explore our limitations and

possibilities for transcendence. The essence of transcendence is to
acknowledge our limitations, identify possibilities for development, and change
ourselves for the better. It may be a physical or behavioral change such as
trying a new sport or hobby or adopting a healthier lifestyle. You can also take
on a mental challenge such as learning a new skill or doing better in your
studies. Another aspect of transcendence is opening yourself to new
experiences and ideas. Our capacity for transcendence gives us the
opportunity to work toward becoming better versions of ourselves.

What’s More

Activity 1: Word Search: Hidden in the box are words that are related to our
lesson.

Find and shade the following words in the puzzle.

CONSEQUENCE LIMITATIONS SELF-AWARENESS

DIGNITY MAN SELF-DETERMINATION
EMBODIMENT MORALITY TRANSCENDENCE
EXTERNALITY PERSON FREEWILL
POSSIBILITIES INTERIORITY SELF

12
 Q P A R W E X T E R N A L I T Y X C
H E Q Y L I N T E R I O R I T Y T O
D R L S O L I M I T A T I O N S T N
I S B Z E L R Z B M O R A L I T Y S
G O W K I L F R E E W I L L T F Z E
N N W H Q M F G J S Q C M A Z R Z Q
I S E M B O D I M E N T G M A N G U
T Y A F T K F U P Y D M H L R X H E
Y T S W T R A N S C E N D E N C E N
S E L F D E T E R M I N A T I O N C
O U G G P O S S I B I L I T I E S E
O K T H S E L F A W A R E N E S S S

Assessment 1: Direction: Give what is being ask. Write your answer on the
space provided before the number.

____________1. What do you call the intangible element that enables us to

exercise our thoughts, possess awareness, and reach out to the outside world
and other?

____________2. This refers to the ability to surpass limits?

____________3. A person has the capability to make choices and decision

base on their own preferences, and be goal oriented and self-directed. What
do you call this trait that defines a person?

____________4. This refers to the result of an action or condition.

____________5. This enable the person to act whenever he or she wants to

and makes self-determination possible.

ACTIVITY 2: Explore your abilities and limitations. In the “I can” column, write
the skills and abilities that define you as a person. In the “I cannot” column, list
down the things you have tried to do but could not because of your personal
limitations.

I can I can not

13
Assessment 2: Based on activity 2, answer what is being asked. Write your
answer on the space provided. See Attached rubric for essay.

1. What enabled you to do the things you identified in the “I can” column?
Explain your answer.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

2. Do you see yourself overcoming the limitations that prevented from doing
the things you stated in the “I cannot” column? Explain your answer
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

DIRECTIONS: Answer and complete the sentence.

1. I am rational animal because....

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

2. I am a person because....
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

3. I am human being because....

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

What I can Do

DIRECTIONS: Answer the real-life questions provided to you. See attached

rubric.

1. As a student, how can you conquer the challenges posed by this pandemic?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

14
2. How did the present crisis make you realize the reality of human limitations,
uncertainties and possibilities?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

CRITERIA RATING
1 2 3 4 5
Content and ideas are organized in a
clear, logical manner
The essay directly addresses the topic
or issue and provides adequate
discussion supporting the main idea.
The paper is original and does not
contain plagiarized content
Cleanliness (no erasures)
TOTAL (20 PTS)

Assessment

Direction: Read and answer the questions below. Choose the LETTER of the
BEST answer. Write your answer on the BLANK provided before each number.

_____1. What is the general term commonly used to refer to the entire human
race?
A. Human B. Human Person C. Man D. Person

_____2. Which of the following refers to man as a species and distinguishes

man from other animals?
A. Human B. Human Person C. Man D. Person

_____3. This refers to the person having a clear perception of oneself,

including his or her thoughts, emotions, identity, and actions. Which among the
following are referred in the statement?
A. Self-awareness C. Dignity
B. Self-determination D. Externality

_____4. Human person is capable to reach out and interact with others and
the world. Which among the following are referred in the statement?
A. Self-awareness C. Dignity
B. Self-determination D. Externality

15
_____5. What do you call this intangible element that enables us to exercise
our thoughts, possess awareness, and reach out to the outside world and
others?
A. Freewill C. Rationality
B. Dignity D. Spirit

_____6. Which of the following refers to the inherent value of a person which
cannot be expressed in quantifiable terms?
A. Freewill C. Self
B. Spirit D. Dignity

_____7. The human person is an embodied spirit. Which of the following

explain the statements?
A. Human person can reach out and interact with others.
B. Both the body and the spirit define human nature and experiences.
C. Human person is defined by a deeper awareness.
D. The value of a human person is proven by the fact that no person is
dispensable.

_____8. Which of the following refers to overcoming oneself or being in control

even if the body reminds us of certain tendencies?
A. Embodied Spirit C. Transcendence
B. Rationality D. Externality

_____9. What do you call the ability to surpass limits?

A. Embodied Spirit C. Transcendence
. Rationality D. Externality

_____10. Which refers to the capability of persons to make choices and

decisions based on their own preferences, monitor, and regulate their actions,
and be goal-oriented and self-directed?
A. Self-awareness C. Dignity
B. Self-determination D. Externality

_____11. In Philosophy, Person refers to a human being granted recognition

of certain rights, protection, responsibilities, and dignity above all. Philosophers
refer to the human person as the totality of an individual. Which of the following
is NOT a trait of a human person according to philosophers?
A. Externality B. Rationality C. Self-Awareness D. Self-Determination

_____12. The human person is an embodied spirit. What does this statement
mean?

16
 1. The human body stands as the mediator between the material world
and the spiritual world.
2. Both the human body and the spirit define human nature and
experience.
3. The body and the spirit came together to form a whole.
4. Human body and the spirit are united
A. 1 and 4 B. 2 and 3 C. All the above D. None of the above

_____13. Human being carries within themselves the possibility of

transcending their limits. Most of our limits often involve facing
challenges/obstacle or overcoming a weakness. These limits however can be
overcome with enough effort and perseverance. For us to experience
transcendence, we must identify and face our own personal limits. Take a look
at the following dialogue.
Chester: [sigh] I keep getting a bad score in our math test!
Reynante: hey, 25 out of 40 are not that bad! It is a higher
result than what you got last week, right?
Chester: I know! But I really want to score higher next time.

What is the personal limit experienced by Chester?

A. Chester gets low score in his math tests.
B. Chester get high score in math test
C. Chester wanted to score higher
D. Chester wanted to be on top.
_____14. Based on question number 13. How can Chester transcend his
limitation?
A. Chester will sit beside his classmate who is always getting a high score
during test to copy his classmates’ answers.
B. Chester will pay attention during discussion and study hard before the
test.
C. Chester will make a Código for him to look at during test.
D. Chester will try his best next time.

_____15. Which of the following is a human limitation?

A. I cannot not be myself.
B. I can learn to love again.
C. I cannot be other than myself.
D. I cannot not learn to love again.

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 Additional Activities

Direction: Read the following questions and answer them briefly on the space
provided. See attached rubric for reflection.

1. The world continues to change quickly. Nowadays, the generation gap can
easily be seen in everyday life because of new technological advances being
introduced at a fast pace. In your personal experience, does technological
advancement limit or improve the possibility for transcendence? Why? Why
not?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

2. Look around you. Observe the environment and identify possible factors that
may limit transcendence. You may also put yourself in the position of those
who experience such limitations. Identify ways on how you may overcome
those challenges. What do you think? Is reaching transcendence always a
good thing? Why? Why not?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

RUBRIC
CRITERIA RATING
1 2 3 4 5
Content and ideas are organized in a
clear, logical manner
The essay directly addresses the topic
or issue and provides adequate
discussion supporting the main idea.
The paper is original and does not
contain plagiarized content
Cleanliness (no erasures)
TOTAL (20 PTS)

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 19
1. C 6. A 11. B
2. A 7. C 12. C
3. C 8. D 13. B
4. B 9. C 14. B
5. D 10. D 15. C
Assessment
1. Dignity
2. Transcendence
3. Self-determination
4. Consequence
5. Freewill
Assessment 1:
Activity 1:
What’s More
1. C 6. A 11. B
2. A 7. C 12. C
3. C 8. D 13. B
4. B 9. C 14. B
5. D 10. D 15. C
What I Know
ANSWER KEY
 REFERENCES

Books:
Roberto Abella, Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person (Quezon City:
C&E Publishing, 2016) 41-58

Christopher Bulaong, Foundation of Moral Values (Quezon City: Rex Publishing

House, 2018)

Christopher Ryan Maboloc, Philosophy of Man: The Existential Drama (Quezon

City: Rex Publishing House, 2013)

Christine Carmela Ramos PhD, Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human

Person (Manila: Rex Bookstore, 2016)

Ayn Rand, The Virtue of Selfishness (New York: Signet, 1964)

Alex Tiempo, Social Philosophy: Foundation of Values Education (Quezon City:

Rex Publishing House, 2015)

Ken Wilber, Integral Spirituality (Boston: Integral Books, 2006)

Web:
Jhagiani, Rajiv, The Cognitive Self: The Self-Concept (2015).
https://opentextbc.ca/socialpsychology/chapter/the-cognitive-self-the-self-
concept/
Olson, Eric, A Materialist Metaphysics of the Human Person (2002).
https://ndpr.nd.edu/news/a-materialist-metaphysics-of-the-human-person/

Steph, The Human Person as an Embodied Spirit, Philo-notes, December 1, 2018.

https://philonotes.com/index.php/2018/12/01/the-human-person-as-an-embodied-
spirit/

Sanjay Singh, The Concept of Physical Self in Psychology, All About Psychology,
2002.
https://www.all-about-psychology.com/the-concept-of-physical-self-in-
psychology.html

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education-Schools Division of Tabuk City

Office Address: BCS Compound, Purok 2, Bulanao Norte)
Telefax:
Email Address: lrmds.depedtabukcity@gmail.com

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