11

Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry

Series Editor: R. R. Gupta

Editorial Board:
D. Enders · S. V. Ley · G. Mehta · A. I. Meyers
K. C. Nicolaou · R. Noyori · L. E. Overman · A. Padwa
Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry
Series Editor: R. R. Gupta
Recently Published and Forthcoming Volumes
Bioactive Heterocycles V
Volume Editor: M. T. H. Khan
Volume 11, 2007
Bioactive Heterocycles IV
Volume Editor: M. T. H. Khan
Volume 10, 2007
Bioactive Heterocycles III
Volume Editor: M. T. H. Khan
Volume 9, 2007
Bioactive Heterocycles II
Volume Editor: S. Eguchi
Volume 8, 2007
Heterocycles from Carbohydrate Precursors
Volume Editor: E. S. H. El Ashry
Volume 7, 2007
Bioactive Heterocycles I
Volume Editor: S. Eguchi
Volume 6, 2006
Marine Natural Products
Volume Editor: H. Kiyota
Volume 5, 2006
QSAR and Molecular Modeling Studies
in Heterocyclic Drugs II
Volume Editor: S. P. Gupta
Volume 4, 2006
QSAR and Molecular Modeling Studies
in Heterocyclic Drugs I
Volume Editor: S. P. Gupta
Volume 3, 2006
Heterocyclic Antitumor Antibiotics
Volume Editor: M. Lee
Volume 2, 2006
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Heterocycles
Volume Editors: E. Van der Eycken, C. O. Kappe
Volume 1, 2006
Bioactive Heterocycles V

Volume Editor: Mahmud Tareq Hassan Khan

With contributions by
M. J. Carlucci · H. Cerecetto · E. B. Damonte · O. Demirkiran
M. González · N. Hamdi · J. H. Jung · M. T. H. Khan · Y. Liu
M. C. Matulewicz · J. C. Menéndez · A. Monge · I. Orhan · B. Özcelik
C. A. Pujol · A. Romerosa · M. Saoud · N. Saracoglu · B. Şener
S. Süzen · G. Topcu · T. Xu · S. Zhang

123
The series Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry presents critical reviews on “Heterocyclic Compounds”
within topic-related volumes dealing with all aspects such as synthesis, reaction mechanisms, structure
complexity, properties, reactivity, stability, fundamental and theoretical studies, biology, biomedical
studies, pharmacological aspects, applications in material sciences, etc. Metabolism will be also in-
cluded which will provide information useful in designing pharmacologically active agents. Pathways
involving destruction of heterocyclic rings will also be dealt with so that synthesis of specifically
functionalized non-heterocyclic molecules can be designed.
The overall scope is to cover topics dealing with most of the areas of current trends in heterocyclic
chemistry which will suit to a larger heterocyclic community.
As a rule contributions are specially commissioned. The editors and publishers will, however, always
be pleased to receive suggestions and supplementary information. Papers are accepted for Topics in
Heterocyclic Chemistry in English.
In references Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry is abbreviated Top Heterocycl Chem and is cited as
a journal.

Springer WWW home page: springer.com

Visit the THC content at springerlink.com

ISSN 1861-9282
ISBN 978-3-540-73405-5 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York
DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-73406-2

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The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence
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Series Editor
Prof. R. R. Gupta
10A, Vasundhara Colony
Lane No. 1, Tonk Road
Jaipur-302 018, India
rrg_vg@yahoo.co.in

Volume Editor
Mahmud Tareq Hassan Khan
PhD School of Molecular and Structural Biology,
and Department of Pharmacology
Institute of Medical Biology
Faculty of Medicine
University of Tronsø
Tronsø, Norway
mahmud.khan@fagmed.nit.no

Editorial Board
Prof. D. Enders
RWTH Aachen
Institut für Organische Chemie
D-52074, Aachen, Germany
enders@rwth-aachen.de
Prof. Steven V. Ley FRS
BP 1702 Professor
and Head of Organic Chemistry
University of Cambridge
Department of Chemistry
Lensfield Road
Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
svl1000@cam.ac.uk
Prof. G. Mehta FRS
Director
Department of Organic Chemistry
Indian Institute of Science
Bangalore- 560 012, India
gm@orgchem.iisc.ernet.in
Prof. A.I. Meyers
Emeritus Distinguished Professor of
Department of Chemistry
Colorado State University
Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
aimeyers@lamar.colostate.edu
Prof. K.C. Nicolaou
Chairman
Department of Chemistry
The Scripps Research Institute
10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd.
La Jolla, California 92037, USA
kcn@scripps.edu
and
Professor of Chemistry
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
University of California
San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive
La Jolla, California 92093, USA
VI Editorial Board

Prof. Ryoji Noyori NL Prof. Larry E. Overman

President Distinguished Professor
RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chem- Department of Chemistry
ical Research) 516 Rowland Hall
2-1 Hirosawa, Wako University of California, Irvine
Saitama 351-0198, Japan Irvine, CA 92697-2025
and leoverma@uci.edu
University Professor
Department of Chemistry Prof. Albert Padwa
Nagoya University
Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan William P. Timmie Professor of Chemistry
noyori@chem3.chem.nagoya-u.ac.jp Department of Chemistry
Emory University
Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
chemap@emory.edu
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Dedicated to my family – my wife Arjumand, my son Araz and my
daughter Aurora, who gave me the love, free time and inspiration, to
make these volumes successful.
Preface

This volume contains 10 chapters. The contributions are from researchers fa-
mous in their respective fields and the chapters contain high quality reviews on
topics related to the chemo-biological studies of several different heterocyclic
groups.
The first chapter from Saracoglu reviews the functionalization of indoles
and the pyrroles via Michael additions, as these compounds have potential for
their biological activities.
In second chapter Menéndez reviews the chemistry of the welwitindolinones.
Topcu and Demirkiran, in the third chapter, describe the chemistry and
biological studies of lignans from Taxus species, including their biosynthesis
and recent strategies for the synthesis of lignans. Lignans are a very important
class of molecules, as they have a very diverse spectrum of biological activities,
such as antitumour, antiviral, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antiulcer, anti-
allergen, anti-platelet, and anti-osteoporotic activities.
In next chapter Süzen describes the antioxidant activities of synthetic indole
derivatives and their possible mechanisms of action.
In chapter five González et al. presents a comprehensive review on the chem-
istry and biology of the quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide and phenazine 5,10-dioxide
type molecules. They also discuss the mode of action, structure-activity studies
and other relevant chemical and biological properties for such molecules.
In the chapter six, Khan briefly discusses the anti-angiogenic and telomerase
inhibitory activities of quinoline and its analogues.
Liu et al., in chapter seven, briefly reviews some aspects of studies of bioac-
tive marine sponge furanosesterterpenoids from the last 10 years, including
their total syntheses.
Pujol et al. in chapter eight, reviews the chemistry, origin and antiviral
activities of naturally occurring sulfated polysaccharides for the prevention
and control of viral infections such as HIV-1 and -2, human cytomegalovirus
(HCMV), dengue virus (DENV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and in-
fluenza A virus.
In chapter nine Hamdi et al. describes the synthesis and biological activities
of the heterocyclic and vanillin ether coumarins.
In the last chapter, Orhan et al. reviews their recent findings on antiviral
and antimicrobial heterocyclic compounds from Turkish plants.

Tromsø, Norway 2007 Mahmud Tareq Hassan Khan

Contents

Functionalization of Indole and Pyrrole Cores

via Michael-Type Additions
N. Saracoglu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Chemistry of the Welwitindolinones

J. C. Menéndez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Lignans From Taxus Species

G. Topcu · O. Demirkiran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Antioxidant Activities of Synthetic Indole Derivatives

and Possible Activity Mechanisms
S. Süzen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Quinoxaline 1,4-Dioxide and Phenazine 5,10-Dioxide.

Chemistry and Biology
M. González · H. Cerecetto · A. Monge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

Quinoline Analogs as Antiangiogenic Agents

and Telomerase Inhibitors
M. T. H. Khan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

Bioactive Furanosesterterpenoids from Marine Sponges

Y. Liu · S. Zhang · J. H. Jung · T. Xu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

Natural Sulfated Polysaccharides for the Prevention and Control

of Viral Infections
C. A. Pujol · M. J. Carlucci · M. C. Matulewicz · E. B. Damonte . . . . . . 259

4-Hydroxy Coumarine: a Versatile Reagent

for the Synthesis of Heterocyclic and Vanillin Ether Coumarins
with Biological Activities
N. Hamdi · M. Saoud · A. Romerosa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
XIV Contents

Antiviral and Antimicrobial Evaluation

of Some Heterocyclic Compounds from Turkish Plants
I. Orhan · B. Özcelik · B. Şener . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

Author Index Volumes 1–11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

Contents of Volume 9

Bioactive Heterocycles III

Volume Editor: Khan, M. T. H.
ISBN: 978-3-540-73401-7

Chemistry, Biosynthesis and Biological Activity

of Artemisinin and Related Natural Peroxides
A.-M. Rydén · O. Kayser

Sugar-derived Heterocycles and Their Precursors

as Inhibitors Against Glycogen Phosphorylases (GP)
M. T. H. Khan

Cytotoxicity of Heterocyclic Compounds against Various Cancer Cells:

A Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship Study
R. P. Verma

Synthesis, Reactivity and Biological Activity of Benzimidazoles

M. Alamgir · D. S. C. Black · N. Kumar

Heterocyclic Compounds against the Enzyme Tyrosinase Essential

for Melanin Production: Biochemical Features of Inhibition
M. T. H. Khan

Xanthones in Hypericum: Synthesis and Biological Activities

O. Demirkiran

Chemistry of Biologically Active Isothiazoles

F. Clerici · M. L. Gelmi · S. Pellegrino · D. Pocar

Structure and Biological Activity of Furocoumarins

R. Gambari · I. Lampronti · N. Bianchi · C. Zuccato · G. Viola
D. Vedaldi · F. Dall’Acqua

Erratum to
Xanthones in Hypericum: Synthesis and Biological Activities
O. Demirkiran
Contents of Volume 10

Bioactive Heterocycles IV
Volume Editor: Khan, M. T. H.
ISBN: 978-3-540-73403-1

Chemistry and Biological Activity of Tetrahydrocannabinol

and its Derivatives
T. Flemming · R. Muntendam · C. Steup · O. Kayser

Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships

of Heterocyclic Topoisomerase I and II Inhibitors
C. Hansch · R. P. Verma

Molecular Modeling of the Biologically Active Alkaloids

M. T. H. Khan

Microbial Transformation of Nitrogenous Compounds

M. T. H. Khan · A. Ather

Synthesis of Triazole and Coumarin Compounds

and Their Physiological Activity
N. Hamdi · P. H. Dixneuf

Protoberberine Alkaloids: Physicochemical

and Nucleic Acid Binding Properties
M. Maiti · G. S. Kumar

Polycyclic Diamine Alkaloids from Marine Sponges

R. G. S. Berlinck

Catechins and Proanthocyanidins:

Naturally Occurring O-Heterocycles with Antimicrobial Activity
P. Buzzini · B. Turchetti · F. Ieri · M. Goretti · E. Branda
N. Mulinacci · A. Romani

Benzofuroxan and Furoxan. Chemistry and Biology

H. Cerecetto · M. González